Objective:

To study the quantitative relationship between the amount of reactants

and products of a reaction. A known starting mass of magnesium and the
measured collection of hydrogen gas will be used to determine the
reaction stoichiometry and the valency magnesium.

Results:

Volume of burette upside down/ cm3 28.90

Volume of water in column above 50.00-28.90 = 21.10
50.00cm3 in burette/ cm3
Volume of unmarked space in 25.00-21.10 = 3.90
burette/ cm3

Burette reading after HCl is 16.50

displaced with H2 gas/ cm3
Volume of H2 gas collected/ cm3 (50.00 – 16.50) + 3.90 = 37.40

Mass of Mg ribbon used = 0.0346g

Mole of Mg ribbon = 0.0346
24.31
= 1.423 x 10-3 mol

Mg + X HCl MgClx + X H2
2
Ideal Gas Equation:
PV=nRT , where

P = 1 atm
V = 37.4cm3
n = number of moles of H2
R = 0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1
T = 300K

n = PV
RT

n(H2) = ____1 atm x 37.4 x 10-3 m3___

0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1 x 300K

= 1.5192 x 10-3 mol

From the equation, 1 mole Mg = X/2 mole H2 ;

1 (1.423 x 10-3) = X/2 (1.5192 x 10-3)

X = 1.8734
 X 2

Questions:

1. The temperature is taken 20 minutes after the addition HCl due to the heat release by
the formation of MgCl during the reaction. Based on the Ideal Gas equation( pV=
nRT) , an increase in temperature will result in the decrease of the number of moles
and vice versa. Before the number of moles of H2 released in the reaction can be
determined, the temperature has to be stabilised.

2. n(H2) = ____1 atm x 37.4 x 10-3 m3___

0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1 x 300K

= 1.5192 x 10-3 mol

3. PV = nRT

P = pressure of gas (atm)

V = volume of gas (L/ dm3)
n = number of moles of gas
R = gas constant ( L/dm3 atm K-1 mol-1)
T = temperature of gas (K)

V = nRT
P
V = 1 mol x 0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1 x 273K
1 atm
V = 22.4 L

4. If hydrogen gas leaks through the stopcock of the inverted burette,

the number of moles of hydrogen will not be able to be calculated.
Based on the ideal gas equation, the volume of gas is proportional to
the number of moles of the gas. Hence, a decrease in the volume of
hydrogen gas collected will result in the decrease in the number of
moles of hydrogen calculated.

Conclusion:

One mole of Mg used to react with excess HCl acid will produce one mole
of MgCl2 and one mole of H2 gas.