Chapter I.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Since globalization occurred, lots of life aspects have greatly improved.

Technology has done so much to Mother Earth that the word “impossible”,

nowadays, seems to lose its worth in man’s daily vocabulary. Appliances tend to

fully assist the people on a daily basis, make jobs even faster and accomplish

goals as efficiently as plausible. Gadgets and other state-of-the-art devices serve

not only as sources of recreation but also as tools of living a convenient life.

Hence, it is necessary for us to follow the flow and join the running towards

attaining a historic progress.

To help spread the change in civilization, the researcher has formulated

his project entitled “ASSEMBLING A SOUND OR VOICE ACTIVATED

SETTING-ON DEVICE FOR GADGETS, APPLIANCES AND OTHER

ELECTRONIC DEVICES” that seeks to discover the efficiency of sound, instead

of manual/physical manipulation, in order to set or turn on gadgets and the like.

He believes that assembling this device is necessary since it will be beneficial for

people who want expediency in daily living. People – the whole world – no longer

have to touch an object or turn its switch on manually. They just have to say or

do something that is going to make a sound for that electronic device to simply

set on.

The device’s structure is fragile and crucial that any wrong step, even little,

will lead to its malfunction. It is a very delicate object like other studies done for

1
switching. That is why its makeup must be carefully arranged so as to meet its

goals. Every vital instruction is a key to achieving the said device.

This chapter presents the basic details regarding the study, the various

aims of the researcher, the study’s contributions to the society and the essential

information for the completion of the investigation.

Objectives of the Study

This study focuses on the sound or voice activated setting-on device’s

assembly and efficiency on electronic devices. It seeks to execute the following

goals:

1. To produce a sound or voice activated setting-on device

2. To find out if any sound will do for the setting-on device to work

3. To discover if the type of electronic device matters for the setting-on

device’s competence

Statement of the Problem

This study focuses on the sound or voice activated setting-on device’s

construction and effectiveness on electronic devices. It seeks to answer the

following questions:

1. Is it possible to produce a sound or voice activated setting-on device?

2. Will any sound do for the setting-on device to work?

3. Does the type of electronic device matter for the setting-on device’s

competence?

2
Hypotheses

The researcher considers the following hypotheses in his study:

1. It is possible to produce a sound or voice activated setting-on device.

2. Any sound will do for the setting-on device to work.

3. The type of electronic device does matter for the setting-on device’s

competence.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses only on the making of a sound or voice activated

setting-on device. The researcher does not deal on a device that sets an object

on and off. The product made here is only for turning a device on and no longer

on how to turn it off through a sound or a voice. The device is only applicable for

setting an object on. The way to close the object is through manual or physical

handling. The circuit of the device is solely for the said purpose. Access on a

voice or sound activated switch requires a different type of circuit and the

researcher is not going to conduct that anymore.

This study is only on the goals of finding the possibility to make such a

device, the form of sound needed for the device to work and the type of

electronic device required for the output to function. The researcher limits himself

on these objectives. He won’t be dealing with any aim aside from the said ones.

Furthermore, this study is limited to the use of the materials. 1 LM324 IC,

1 C945/C828/C829 transistor, 4 1N4148 diodes, 1 10V, ¼ W diode, 1 33/16

3
capacitor elect, 2 22/16 capacitor elects, 1 10/16 capacitor elect, 1 562 Biaxially-

oriented polyethylene terephthalate (boPET) mylar, 3 30K(33K) resistors, 2 5K

resistors, 1 3K resistors, 2 5M resistors, 1 27K resistor, 1 3M resistor, 2 10K

resistors, 1 1K resistor, 1 220K resistor, 1 220 Ohms resistor, 1 180 Ohms

resistor, 1 100K trimmer resistor, 1 20K (22K) trimmer resistor, 2 LED’s, 1 105P

12Vdc relay sw, 1 Em80 condenser microphone, 1 14 PINS ic socket, 1 MYK-

VAS pcb, a voltage regulator and the other materials stated in the methodology.

The use of other materials, which are not mentioned, is not included in this study.

The researcher wants to get the best result by using the prescribed materials.

The setting-on device and the source of sound are limited on a distance of

5 meters. Every testing done in this research has followed the said distance.

Experiments have been conducted in closed areas like rooms and others.

This study is limited only to the combination of the said materials to

produce the stated sound or voice activated setting-on device. The parameters of

this study are set only from the use of the materials, arranged procedures, written

statements of the problem, listed recommendations and up to the feasibility of

producing a useful product.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant because of its motives and the up-to-date findings

regarding the contribution of switching devices in the society. It tackles the

efficacy of a TURNING-ON DEVICE that sets on when it hears a sound after a

given time it has been plugged on. The gadget or any other object related will

4
open when the sound is heard. It talks about the advantages this turning-on

device has for us all and the help in can give us to avoid time consumption. If the

study were proved credible, awareness on the use of switching devices will be

heightened. Other elements for activation may be researched like light,

fingerprints and many others. Moreover, the researcher would like to say that this

study is also significant to several groups:

To the members of the family, this study is beneficial. They do not have

to touch an object for it to turn on. Daily living at home will be convenient

because appliances are swiftly accessed. Danger will be avoided. Children will

be able to handle appliances very safely. Home devices won’t be plugged by

adults anymore. Hence, children may do the setting-on themselves.

To the students, this study may be very helpful and interesting especially

to those who are fond of discovering devices which are really technologically

advanced. Physics lovers and other mechanically and electronically talented

learners will be very much eager to discover the effects of using this device and

many more. Studying for them will be easy as well. Access on devices needed

for studying will be handled by students on the double like computers,

typewriters, electronic devices and books and a lot more. Students can discover

a lot as they explore in this head scratching yet cool scientific study.

5
 To the researchers, this study means a lot for they will be able to

discover something new in the field of science. Aside from their ideas of how to

conduct the study, they can even learn more on how to make other switching

devices. They can even think of something new on how to innovate this study.

Lastly, the researcher wants you to know that this study is very significant

to him, because the concepts expected to be learned here are not just in science

but also in the present technology and man’s revolutionary methods of survival.

Definition of Terms

The following terms listed below are imperative to the comprehension of

the study. Some definitions are gotten from “Merriam Webster Dictionary” while

others are formulated by the researcher.

Appliance. A piece of equipment for adapting a tool or machine to a special

purpose; may refer to a device with a narrow function.

Capacitor. A device giving capacitance and usually consisting of conducting

plates or foils separated by thin layers of dielectric (as air or mica) with the plates

on opposite sides of the dielectric layers oppositely charged by a source of

voltage and the electrical energy of the charged system stored in the polarized

dielectric

Electrical circuit. A network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the

current.

Electrical conductor. A material allowing the flow of electric current.

6
Gadget. Is a small technological object that has a particular function, but is often

thought of as a novelty.

Insulator. A material that resists the flow of electric current.

LED. A semiconductor diode that emits light when an electric current is applied in

the forward direction of the device, as in the simple LED circuit.

Resistor. A two-terminal electronic component designed to oppose an electric

current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the

current, that is, in accordance with Ohm's law: V = IR.

Sound. The sensation perceived by the sense of hearing; vibration transmitted

through a solid, liquid, or gas; particularly, sound means those vibrations

composed of frequencies capable of being detected by ears.

Transistor. A semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch

electronic signals.

Voice. Consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for

talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc.

Voltage Regulator. An electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a

constant voltage level.

7
Chapter II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The sound or voice activated setting-on device is no ordinary type of a

device activator just like its other kinds. The researcher has put in this chapter

some studies related to that of the researcher, the functions they have and the

stories behind their creations. The required data were gathered from different

sources.

“A simple thermistor triggered cold switch with adjustable threshold. The

thermistor used has a resistance of 15k at 25 degrees and 45k at 0 degrees

Celsius. A suitable bead type thermistor can be found in the Maplin catalogue.

The 100k pot allows this circuit to trigger over a wide range of temperatures. If

using a different thermistor then the control should match the new thermistor at

its highest resistance, or be higher in value. The op-amp in this circuit is the

ubiquitous 741. It may be catalogued as LM741, CA741 etc, all types will work. In

this circuit it is used as a comparator. The non-inverting input (pin 3) is biased to

half the supply voltage. The non-inverting input is connected to the junction of the

thermistor and potentiometer. The control is adjusted so that the circuit is on

when the thermistor is at the required temperature range. Once the thermistor is

outside the temperature range its resistance alters and the op-amp output

changes from near full supply to around 1 or 2 volts dc. There is insufficient

voltage to turn on the transistor and the relay will not energise. A slight amount of

hysteresis is provided by inclusion of the 270k resistor. This prevents rapid

switching of the circuit when the temperature is near to the switching threshold.”

8
 Frost Alarm or Cold Activated Switch

(http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/coldsw.htm), 2008

“The light sensor used is the ORP12 photocell. In bright light the

resistance of the ORP12 can be as low as 80 ohm and at 50lux (darkness) the

resistance increases to over 1 Mohm. The 1M control should provide a wide

range for light intensities, if not its value may be increased. The op-amp senses

the voltage difference between pins 2 and 3. The control VR1 is adjusted so that

the relay is off, the output of the op-amp will be around 2 Volts. When light falls,

the resistance of the photocell increases and the difference in input voltage is

amplified by the op-amp, the output will swing towards full supply and drive the

transistor and relay. The 270k resistor provides a small amount of hysteresis, so

that the circuit switches on and off with slightly different light levels. This

eliminates relay chatter.”

Dark Activated Switch or Porch Light Switch,

(http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/switch.html) , 2008

“The old and omnipresent NE555 can be very good at something it was

not meant for: driving relays or other loads up to 200 mA. The picture shows an

example circuit: if the input level rises over 2/3 of the supply voltage - it will turn

on the relay, and the relay will stay on until the level at the input drops below one

third of the supply voltage. If the relay and D1 were connected between pin 3 and

ground, the relay would be activated when the input voltage drops below one

9
third, and deactivated when the input voltage goes over two thirds of the supply

voltage.”

Voltage Controlled Switch,

(http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/vcs555.htm) , 2007

“The relay is energized by pressing a single key. Choose the key you want

to use - and connect it to terminal "E". Choose the four keys you want to use to

de-energize the relay - and connect them to "A B C & D". Wire the common to R1

and all the remaining keys to "F". The Circuit is easy to use. When you press "E"

- current through D2 & R9 turns Q6 on - and energizes the relay. The two

transistors - Q5 & Q6 - form a "Complementary Latch". So - when you release

the key - the relay will remain energized. To de-energize the relay - you need to

press keys "A B C & D" in the right order. When you do so - pin 10 of the IC goes

high - and it turns Q4 on through R8. Q4 connects the base of Q6 to ground. This

unlatches the complementary pair - and the relay drops out.

Universal 4-Digit Keypad-Operated Switch,

(http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/un4.html), 2007

“It is quite easy to miss the sound of a doorbell if you are watching TV, this

circuit gets round the problem by providing a visual indication. As an alternative,

a LED could also be used. You could just parallel a lamp across the doorbell, but

this would mean extra drain from the doorbell batteries or transformer. A series

resistor, R1 is wired in series with the doorbell and reduces current flow, thereby

10
increasing battery life. The value of R1 is chosen so that about 0.6 to 0.7 volts is

developed across it, when the doorbell switch is pressed. I used a combination of

a 22 ohm resistor in parallel with a 50 ohm. The voltage drop across R1 is

sufficient to switch on the transistor, the lamp in series with the collector will then

illuminate.”

Remote Doorbell Warning Switch,

(http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/dbsw.htm), 2008

“This infrared remote controlled circuit will allow you to use any infrared in

order to switch it on or off. Now that infrared remote controlled devices are in

almost every room of every home (TVs, CD & DVD players, etc..), it makes the

remote control a very ubiquitous item, which means that it make sense to extend

their functionality. The circuit uses a relay for switching, which means that it can

behave as a switch for almost any item - where your remote control will be your

on/off trigger.”

InfraRed Remote Control Switch - Infrared Remote Control,

(http://www.electrokits.com/electronics/relays-remotes-switches-timers/23.htm),

2008

“Electric switches, electronic switches or electrical switches are devices

used to connect or break an electrical circuit. All switches consist of an operator,

contacts and a switch mechanism. The operator actuates switch operation. The

contacts are made of low-resistance metal and are used to make or break the

11
electrical circuit. The switch mechanism is linked to the operator and

opens/closes the contacts. The function of the switch is designated by the terms

pole, throw and break. Pole indicates how many circuits a switch is capable of

controlling. Throw refers to how many conductors or paths that a switch is able to

control. Break is a term that refers to the breaking or opening of a circuit. The

term “position” indicates how many stops a switch will make between its extreme

settings. The two most basic switch devices, of which other mechanisms are

simply variations, are the slow-make, slow-break (AC base) and the quick-make,

quick-break (AC/DC base) mechanisms. The first device is basically a teeter-

totter or seesaw design. It is spring-loaded, requiring a very positive force to

close the contacts. The slowness of a slow-make, slow-break device provides a

slight time delay. This delay allows the AC current wave to nearly

instantaneously cycle to zero before the spark is extinguished. Toggle switches,

slide buttons, rocker switches or pushbutton switches can operate the

mechanism.”

Electric switches, (http://www.iqsdirectory.com/electric-switches), 2008

“Electrons with a negative charge, can't "jump" through the air to a

positively charged atom. They have to wait until there is a link or bridge between

the negative area and the positive area. We usually call this bridge a "circuit."

When a bridge is created, the electrons begin moving quickly. Depending on the

resistance of the material making up the bridge, they try to get across as fast as

12
they can. If you're not careful, too many electrons can go across at one time and

destroy the "bridge" or the circuit, in the process.”

Circuits of UCI Summer Science, 2004

“As a boy, Thomas Edison built a small laboratory in his cellar. His early

experiments helped develop a very inquisitive mind. His whole life was spent

thinking about how things work and dreaming up new inventions. The light bulb

and movie projector are just two of dozens of inventions. You can build a very

basic electrical circuit similar to what Edison may have crafted as a boy. And you

can find out what happens when a current is "open" compared with when it's

"closed."

Circuit Experiment of Elementary Science Teacher Resource Book, 2000

“Electrical and electronic circuits can be complicated. Making a drawing

of the connections to all the component parts in the circuit's load makes it easier

to understand how circuit components are connected. Drawings for electronic

circuits are called "circuit diagrams". Drawings for electrical circuits are called

"wiring diagrams". Circuit diagrams and wiring diagrams are usually drawn by

skilled draftsmen, and then printed. But they can also be simple pencil sketches

drawn by technicians or other workers.”

Circuit and wiring diagrams of Electrical Circuit of the Electronics Book, 2006

13
 An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as

resistors, inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, voltage sources, current

sources, switches and many other advanced tools. An electrical circuit is a

network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. The sound or

voice activated setting-on device is very much relevant to the studies written

above for their activation elements are also unusual objects. The Frost Alarm or

Cold Activated Switch reacts to the temperature it gets, the Dark Activated

Switch or Porch Light Switch reacts to the presence and absence of light, the

Voltage Controlled Switch works through the presence of voltage and the user’s

customized operation, the Universal 4-Digit Keypad-Operated Switch stores a

password for the device to work, the Remote Doorbell Warning Switch is applied

to doors to know whether someone gets in or out of the house and the Infrared

Remote Control Switch uses Infrared rays that act as controllers or remotes to

manage the switching in many devices. The sound or voice activated setting-on

device has a similar circuit with that of the above devices – a proof that sounds

may also be used to activate and control appliances and the like.

The listed forms of literature and studies in this chapter are all relevant

and essential to the study of the researcher. Each of them plays a big role to the

fulfillment of the researcher’s intentions.

14
Chapter III. METHODOLOGY

Materials

The study used 1 LM324 IC, 1 C945/C828/C829 transistor, 4 1N4148

diodes, 1 10V, ¼ W diode, 1 33/16 capacitor elect, 2 22/16 capacitor elects, 1

10/16 capacitor elect, 1 562 Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate

(boPET) mylar, 3 30K(33K) resistors, 2 5K resistors, 1 3K resistors, 2 5M

resistors, 1 27K resistor, 1 3M resistor, 2 10K resistors, 1 1K resistor, 1 220K

resistor, 1 220 Ohms resistor, 1 180 Ohms resistor, 1 100K trimmer resistor, 1

20K (22K) trimmer resistor, 2 LED’s, 1 105P 12Vdc relay sw, 1 Em80 condenser

microphone, 1 14 PINS ic socket, 1 MYK-VAS pcb, a voltage regulator, wires, a

switch, an electrical outlet, pliers, electrical tapes, cutters and screw drivers.

Procedures

All the components starting from the smallest ones like the resistors and

diodes were inserted. Proper orientation of polarized components such as the

diodes, electrolytic capacitors, and LED’s was assured. The supplied IC sockets

were used to avoid possible damage to the IC. The IC was mounted after all the

rest of the components have been soldered. MIC 1 was wired for easy access.

The schematic diagram (Figure 1) on page 16 was used to assemble the entire

circuit.

The wiring diagram (Figure 2) on page 17 was the basis for the testing.

Proper connections were checked to ensure that everything will turn out right. A

load was connected to the output terminals. Load rating was not made to exceed

5 Amperes. Power was then applied to the circuit. VR1 was turned to minimum

15
position and VR2 to the center position. The researcher spoke over the

microphone while VR1 slowly adjusted until LED1 lighted up. LED1 was done to

go off once the sound was no longer heard. LED2 was assembled to remain

lighted until approximately 30 seconds (the approximate time with VR2 set at mid

point) and automatically go off after the set time. The loaded device was made to

respond in the same manner as the LED2.

The setting-on device was assembled. Other electronic devices were

connected to it for easy sound or voice activation.

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the setting-on device.

16
Figure 2. The wiring diagram of the setting-on device.

17
Chapter IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Investigatory projects are projects intended to knowing discoveries in

Science. They are being researched, experimented and studied thoroughly. After

several attempts and activities, effects have been finally seen by the researcher.

This chapter presents all of the results of the researcher’s experiment, the further

effects seen and even the flaws that sprouted while the study was going on.

Based on the study conducted, the following results were observed:

The sound or voice activated setting-on device was possible. The

researcher was able to fulfill his objective. All of the materials were put in the

circuit with complete wiring and the device was just working. A sound or voice

activated setting-on device was real. It was successfully done by the researcher.

The setting-on device works when it hears a sound. The researcher tested

different sounds produced by different things – living and non-living – to detect its

efficiency and reaction to a sound-producing stimulus. Distance of source, and

the loudness, pitch and duration of sound were taken for granted. They were not

included to the testing of the device. Table 1, as seen on the next page,

summarizes the setting-on device’s reaction to varied sounds. Different stimuli

were used to test the device. The human voice, the dog’s bark, the cellphone’s

ringtone, the clapping of the human hands and the stamping of the human feet

were the sounds given to test the output. In the end, all gave a positive result.

18
 The setting-on device worked and the electronic object was turned on. Any

sound will do for the device to function.

Table 1. The setting-on device’s reaction to varied sounds.

Type and Source of Sound Setting-on device’s Reaction

Human Voice / Human Positive (The device worked.)

Dog’s Bark / Dog (Shih Tzu) Positive (The device worked.)

Cellphone’s Ringtone / Cellphone Positive (The device worked.)

Human Hands’ Clapping / Human Hands Positive (The device worked.)

Stamping of the Human Feet / Human Feet Positive (The device worked.)

The main control of the system was comprised by IC1, LM324 and a quad

OP-AMP IC. The sound detected by the microphone was fed to the input, pin 2,

of IC1 through C1 and R2 for amplification. The amplified signal was then passed

to the 2nd op-amp which was configured as a comparator through VR1. The

output signal at pin 7 was then passed to input, pin 3, of the next stage through

D1. An output at pin 4 triggered LED1 indicating that the presence of a signal

was passed on to the next stage through R9 and D2. The output from pin 8

triggered the driver transistor Q1 into conduction whereby energizing the relay

19
“on”. As the detected sound faded, LED1 went “off” showing that no signal was

present. At this instant, LED2 remained lighted indicating that the relay was still

“on”. This delay was due to the stored signal at pin10 because of C4 which lasted

until the capacitor was fully discharged. VR2 allowed adjustment for a time delay

of approximately 30 seconds.

The setting-on device works for whatever appliance there can be. The

device lets this appliance to be turned on and function the way it is supposed to.

However, this fact depends on the voltage regulator, specifically on the amount

of voltage it can carry and the amount of current the circuit of the setting-on

device can bear. The voltage regulator’s maximum capacity was set to 12V. The

setting-on device was not made to exceed 5 Amperes. The circuit’s maximum

capacity for current was only up to 5 Amperes. Using the equation for finding the

instantaneous electrical power, P = VI, where P is the instantaneous or average

power, measured in watts (joules per second), V is the Voltage or the potential

difference, measured in volts, and I is the current, measured in amperes, the

power of the appliance loaded was found not to exceed 60 Watts. Hence, any

amount of power higher than said one might cause malfunction and the like.

Table 2, as seen on the next page, summarizes the different types of devices

and their reactions toward the sounds from the setting-on device. The 1 st 4 types

of devices/appliances worked well. Since their power is less than and even equal

to the calculated one, 60 watts, the setting-on device functioned properly. The

said appliances turned and worked very well. Conversely, the 3 Blader Ground

20
Electric Fan did not work properly. Though it set on, the movement of the blades

was unusual. Its power of 100 W was the reason of the malfunction, since it

exceeded the right amount of power. Appliances having higher amounts of power

could not work well. If such would still be loaded, not only failures would occur

but also danger.

Table 2. The different types of devices and their reactions toward the

sounds from the setting-on device.

Reaction toward
Type of Power of
the sound from the
device/appliance device/appliance
setting-on device

Dim Light 1W SET-ON

Cellphone Charger 10 W SET-ON

DVD Player 13 W SET-ON

60 W SET-ON
Reflector Light

SET-ON; functioned the

3 Blader Ground unusual way; movement
100 W
Electric Fan of the blades was slower
than the designed one

21
 The setting-on device was named as such and not as SWITCHING

DEVICE, because a switching device has a capability of setting an object ON

and OFF, while the setting-on device can only set or turn an object on, as its

name suggests. It cannot turn an object off through sound activation. It turns off

through manual manipulation. That type of device, known as a switch, requires a

different circuit which is a limitation already. The researcher does not deal on this

area anymore. He gives emphasis only on the setting on of an object and nothing

else but it.

22
Chapter V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions

Based on the study investigated, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. It was possible to assemble a sound or voice activated setting-on device. With

that, hypothesis number 1 is accepted.

2. Any type of sound from any source turned an object on. Thus, hypothesis

number 2 is accepted.

3. The type of electronic device did matter for the efficiency of the setting-on

device. Hence, hypothesis number 3 is accepted.

Recommendations

Based on the study done, the following recommendations were made:

1. Try making a switching device, not only a setting-on device.

2. Elements of activation may be further examined like LIGHT, FINGERPRINTS,

the RETINA of the EYE and many others.

3. A bigger voltage regulator may be used to access bigger appliances.

4. The circuit may be made to require a large amount of current.

5. A program may be applied to the switch to turn an object on, requiring a

password or a similar sound from what is originally recorded to access a

definite device. Activation of an object is not only through any sound, but

through a programmed sound to access that object.

6. Experiments on distance between the setting-on device and the source of

sound may be done. Longer distances may be further investigated.

23
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Beiser, A. (2001) Modern Technical Physics. United States of America.

Addison Wesley Inc.

Coppens, A. (2000) Fundamentals of Acoustics. United States of America.

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Electricity. Retrieved December 3, 2008. from

http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/electricity.html

Switch. Retrieved December 1, 2008. from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch

Switching Devices. Retrieved December 1, 2008. from

http://www.switchingdevices.com/index.html

24
Message:
Hi guys. I have here the soft copy of my
Investigatory Project last year. I hope that this
one will really help you a lot as you make your
own research.

Kaya niyo yan! I hope for the success of

each one of you. Good luck to your projects [not
only this IP but also all those tough projects that
you’ll be dealing with soon] and may God bless
you all.

My WSOS family, always strive for the best!

Take care.

---- Jonan

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