Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

CT Ratio :3000-2000-1000-500/lA
CT Class :PS

Secondary Winding Resistance:

· 15 ohm at 3000 tap
· 10 ohm at 2000 tap
. 5 ohm at 1000 tap
. 2.5 ohm at 500 tap
Length of line assumed =25 kms.

Where IF= Max. secondary fault current at zone-l reachpoint.

X/R = Primary system reactance/resistance ratio

System short circuit Fault Calculations

System Impedance,Zs =Vs/ IF IF = 40 kA(Fault Level)

765xl03
- ,J3x40x 103

=11.042 ohms -.

Line parameters are

Rr. = 1.9513 X 10-6 Pu/kM/Ckt

XL= 4.475 X 10-5pu/kM/ckt ] On a 100 MVA ,765 kV Base

XL _ 4.475xlO-s
RL -1.9513x10-6

= 22.93
=23

4.475XlO-S
e=tan-I
( 1.953 x 1O-{i
)
= 87.5°

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 Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

Therefore

Xs = Zs sin 87.5°
('
= 11.042 X 0.999 = 11.031 ohms
Rs = Zs cos 87.5°
= 11.042 X 0.0436 = 0.481 ohms

Zs = 0.481 + j11.031

Line Impedance:

Rr. = 1.9513 X 10-6 pulkM/ckt.: On a 100 MVA ,765 kV Base

XL= 4.475 X 10-5pu/kM/ckt :

Therefore
Base Impedance =765 X 765/100 = 5852.25 ohms

Rr. = 1.9513 X 10-6X 5852.25 = 0.01142 ohmslkM

XL= 4.475 X 10-5X 5852.25 = 0.2619 ohmslkM

For a Line length of25 kMs (zone-1 reach=20 kMs)

Rr.' = 0.01142 X 20 = 0.2284 ohms

XL'= 0.2619 X 20 = 5.238 ohms

Therefore
Total Fault Impedance upto zone-1 reach point

R= Rr.'+ Rs = 0.2284+0.481 = 0.7902 ohms

X=Xs+ XL'
= 11.031+ 5.238 = 16.269 ohms

Z = 0.7094 + j 16.269
Z = 16.284 ohms

Therefore Fault current at zone-1 reach

= IF'
765x103
- J3 x16.284

= 27123.12 A

IF'= 27.12 kA (fault level at zone-1 reach point)

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 Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

Lead Burden:

Cable Length= 800 m

Lead resistance = 8.71 ohms/kM
( x 2.5 mm2 copper cable is used)

Therefore

2R = 2x 800 x 8.71 = 6.968

L 2 1000
= 7.0ohms
CT secondaryresistance, Rcr = 15.00 at 3000/1 A tap

Knee point voltage requirement

VK~0.6IF( 1 +;)Rcr +RL)

Relay burden is negligible .Therefore Rrelay=0.
27120
VK~ 0.6x-(1 +23)(15 +7.0)
3000
For 3000/1 A tap

VK~ 2863.87Vat30001lTap

Selected knee point voltage for 3000/1 A tap =6000 V(plese see note below)

RCf ~15.00hm Imag < 20mAatVK

"For 2000 A tap,

27120
VK(2000)=0.6x-x(I+23)(10+7.0)
2000
= 3319.5 V

Selected knee point voltage for 2000/1 A tap = 4000V(same as that for 400 kV CTs)

Note:
1. Since the requirement at 2000/1 A tap is 2V per turn,the selected knee point voltage
for 3000/1 A tap is 6000V.This is in line with the knee point voltage requirement
being specified for 400 kV CT's .
2. It is intended to use only 3000/1 A or 000/1 A taps for 765 kV line protection.

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 Knee point calculation for 765kV CT's

3. 1000/1 A and 500/1 A taps shall be used for Generator circuits (Protection Overall
Differential,Overhead Line Differential).

CT requirement for busbar protection

IF = 40 kA
VK~2IF(RCT+RL)

For 3000 A tap

Rcr = 15.0ohms
Rr.= 7.0 ohms
40000
VK~2x-x(15.0+7.0)
3000

Selected VK at 3000/1 A tap = 3000V

For 2000 A tap

Rcr = 10.0 ohms
Rr.= 7.0 ohms
40000
VK~2x-x(IO.0+7.0)
2000

Selected VK at 2000/1 A tap = 2000V

VK~ 680V

For 1000 A tap

Rcr = 5.0 ohms
Rr.= 7.0 ohms
40000
VK~2x-x(5.0+7.0)
1000

Selected VK at 1000/1 A tap = 1000V

Note:
1. 500/1 A tap shall not be used for bus-bar protection.
2. 500/1 A tap shall be used for Generator circuit protection(Overall Differential,
Overhead Line Differential)

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