Question 1:

Synthesis of square wave.

Solution:
The Fourier series expansion for a square-wave is made up of a sum of odd harmonics.
Using fourier series we can have square wave from sine wave.

Program:

f=5;
t=0:0.00001:1;
x1=sin(2*3.14*f*t);
x2=(sin(2*3.14*3*f*t))/3;
x3=(sin(2*3.14*5*f*t))/5;
x4=(sin(2*3.14*7*f*t))/7;
x5=(sin(2*3.14*9*f*t))/9;
x6=(sin(2*3.14*11*f*t))/11;
y=x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6;
plot(y);
title('square wave generated from sine wave');
xlabel('time in micro seconds');
ylabel('y');
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Question 2:-

Syenthesis of triangular wave

Solution:-
Like a square wave, the triangle wave contains only odd harmonics. It  is possible to
approximate a triangle wave with additive synthesis by adding odd harmonics of the
fundamental, multiplying every (4n−1)th harmonic by −1 (or changing its phase by π).

Program:
f=5;
t=0:.00001:1;
x1=sin(2*3.14*f*t);
x2=(sin(2*3.14*3*f*t))/9;
x3=(sin(2*3.14*5*f*t))/25;
x4=(sin(2*3.14*7*f*t))/49;
x5=(sin(2*3.14*9*f*t))/81;
x6=(sin(2*3.14*11*f*t))/121;
y2=(8/pi^2)*(x1-x2);
y4=(8/pi^2)*(x1-x2+x3-x4);
y6=(8/pi^2)*(x1-x2+x3-x4+x5-x6);
plot(t,y2,'b-',t,y4,'r-',t,y6,'g-');
title('triangular wave generated from sine wave');
xlabel('time in micro seconds');
ylabel('y');
 triangular wave generated from sine wave
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 Assignment 2

1. Constellation diagram of different digital techniques.

A constellation diagram is a representation of a signal modulated by a digital

modulation scheme such as quadrature amplitude modulation or phase-shift keying. It
displays the signal as a two-dimensional scatter diagram in the complex plane at symbol
sampling instants

a) BPSK

M=2;
x=[0:M-1];
scatterplot(pskmod(x,M));

Scatter plot
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b) QPSK

M=4;
x=[0:M-1];
scatterplot(pskmod(x,M));

Scatter plot
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c) 32-bit MPSK.

M=32;
x=[0:M-1];
scatterplot(pskmod(x,M));

Scatter plot
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2. Addition of noise in saw tooth wave

Program:
t = 0:.1:10;
x = sawtooth(t); % Create sawtooth signal.
y = awgn(x,10,'measured'); % Add white Gaussian noise.
plot(t,x,t,y) % Plot both signals.
legend('Original signal','Signal with AWGN');

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Original signal
Signal with AWGN

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