PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors

 immune compromised Etiology  Age
status  Mycobacterium  Occupation (health care
 severely malnourished tuberculosis workers)
 low socio-economic  repeated close contact with
inhalation of infected
status infected persons
droplet
transmitted through the
airways
partial occlusion of the bronchi &
bronchioles and
alveoli
alveoli
interferes w/ the diffusion of O2
deposition & multiplication in the
& CO2
apices of lungs
areas of the lungs inadequately
transported via lymph system &
ventilated
blood stream
 oxygen carrying dyspne
inflammatory
capacity a
reaction
tissue tachypn
phagocytos
hypoxemia ea
is
 pallor
TB specific
 weakness
lymphocyte
 fatigue
produce T-lytic  tachycar
enzyme
lyse bacteria & alveolar
tissue
 productive
cough production of
exudates
granulomas surrounded by
macrophage Monica Marie A. Morales
Gordon College BSN III-A2
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

formed a protective
wall
transformed to a fibrous
tissue mass
center portion is Ghon
tubercle
material (bacteria & macrophage)
become necrotic
formed cheesy
mass
calcifie
d
formed collagenous
scar
bacteria become
dormant
after initial exposure &
infection
 immune
system
bacteria become
resistant
survive d &
liberated
active infection
  lytic develop
fever enzyme hemopty
ulceration of Ghon sis Monica Marie A. Morales
 recurren atelectasi tubercle Gordon College BSN III-A2
BMR t s
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

anorexi chills & causeous release of cheesy material into productive cough >2
a sweatin necrosis bronchi weeks
g scarring/cavitat
cachexi Ghon tubercle
a ion heals
night
sweats recurre
weight forming scar
loss nt tissue
extensi parenchymal lesion
ve on CXR
lung
consumption
 alveolar
tissue

Oxygen
Deat
h

Monica Marie A. Morales

Gordon College BSN III-A2