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    In 2002, the average age of a farmer was __ +_,.q. In 2003, the u.s. Produced __ billion gallons of ethanol. An acre ofland can produce 3 Co;ts of corn. An average American family consumes 1115. Pounds of flour and cereal products in a year.

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    In 2002, the average age of a farmer was __ +_,.q. In 2003, the u.s. Produced __ billion gallons of ethanol. An acre ofland can produce 3 Co;ts of corn. An average American family consumes 1115. Pounds of flour and cereal products in a year.

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    2K views36 pages

    AGEE 101 Study Guides

    Uploaded by

    Zack Densmore
    In 2002, the average age of a farmer was __ +_,.q. In 2003, the u.s. Produced __ billion gallons of ethanol. An acre ofland can produce 3 Co;ts of corn. An average American family consumes 1115. Pounds of flour and cereal products in a year.

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    12. 13. 14, 15. History of Agriculture Study Guide - HACCP _ was implemented in 1998 to target and reduce the presence of pathogens in meat and Poul. 4 - 2 The USDA was established in_ \GA <7, £D5 biotechnology became a viable technique for improving crops Inthe and livestock products. US. Consumers spend__ LO. percent of their disposable income on food. Today, each U.S, farmer produces food and fiber for_| 4! people. Almost___ 994 percent of all U.S. farms are owned by individuals, family partnerships, or family corporations. Non-family corporations account for about__G GY percent of U.S. ag product sales. Calitora:a _ is the leading state in total agricultural cash receipts, In 2002, the average age of a farmer was__5 5. ). In 2002, there were 2 Slo,cl(g4 farms operated by women. In 2002, there were_J7_ ‘#5 ___ farms operated by black farmers. An average American family consumes 195, % pounds of flour and cereal products in a year. Raw fruits and vegetables should be __LJ@Shed\ __ before they are eaten. The United States produced __ 51 billion gallons of ethanol in 2003. Colle and Calv re the leading farm commodity produced in the United States followed by Deity Products and _Cor 16. Ittakes_L4Q) days for most Americans to eam enough disposable income to pay for their food consumed at home and away from home for the entire year. 17. The erosion rate by water on U.S. croplands has been reduced by more than 40 percent since 1982. 18, 1n.2002, over_\O,\__million of the 281.4 million acres farmed was tilled using some form of conservation tillage. 19, An acre of land can produce 30, FOO _ pounds of potatoes. po 20. Nearly 30 ___ % of the world’s labor force is employed in agriculture. hha per farm in Canada to less than 21. The average farm size varies from ___ ha in Indonesia. 22. Most dates of domesticated plants and animals predate the ___" millennium BC. 23. The earliest tools of the farmer were made of 24, In the Roman Period new plants became prominent including: Oj oc0¢ and : v Owe o and i) if ___ in the in Egypt, Mediterranean areas, and and in northern Europe. ye ~ in the early 1700s. 25. English agriculturist Jethro Tull invented the 5 0 © 26. In 1989, the United States exported roughly $1)? billion of agricultural products. 27. The first U.S. agricultural census was conducted in 1 War was 28. The leading export crop in the United States prior to the 29. During the Great Depression, U.S. farm income dropped 2 percent. ) 30. The first two decades of the 20" century became known as the © f age of vO American agriculture, 10. i. 12. 13. The Future of Agriculture Study Guide ‘The annual growth in the world population has been for the past 30 years. is expected to fall below __‘| By 2013, the growth rate in the world populatio percent. Economists have noted that as income rise, the number of children per family generally goes _clnu Current projections estimate the world population to reach _< \/¢ ¥"\__ billion by 2012. ‘The growth in the world’s population is approximately _|-) + percent per year. ‘The output per acre harvested worldwide is growing close to__|.">____ percent per year. Between 1960 and 2000, the prices of rice, wheat, and maize, the world’s major food staples, fell by about _(, 0) percent. The growth rate of the world population peaked in the late 1960s at _< year. In 1997-99, _(o | ____ percent of the world’s population were living in countries where average food consumption per person was above 2700 keal per day. ‘Traditionally, the developing countries as a whole have had a net _5! in agricultural trade. By the mid-1990s the agricultural balance of trade of the developing countries was more often 12 than positive. Regge Projections to 2030 show the agricultural trade deficit of developing countries at & still further. In many areas of the developing world, the majority of people still depend on _|p CO. agriculture for food and/or livelihoods. 15, 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. 2 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. In the 1960s, no less than + __ percent of the world’s population were living in countries with average daily intakes below 2,200 keal per day. In 1997-99 there were still + _ million undernourished people in developing ‘countries ~ about one person in six. The World Food Summit of 1996 set a target of halving the numbers of {1\F. in developing countries by 2015, compared to the base period of 1990-92. ‘The World Food Summit goal £4 be met. By 2030, in sub-Saharan Africa there is likely to be little or no of undemourished people. Asa general rule, as income _{\S°“ __, access to food should become more equal. As world average calorie intakes increase, food consumption is more likely to include expensive foods such as (Vir ¢,\_ and dairy products. Undernourishment is not merely a symptom of ose <4 but also one of its causes. At the beginning of the twenty-first century over 1.1 billion people are living in extreme poverty, subsisting on less than US $_ u Government supports for agricultural products can distort \0.¢ aday. sector has a crucial role to play in reducing poverty. Growth in the’ Countries can be disadvantaged in the global marketplace by their 06 Tapco, endowments. Many poor countries are located in tropics, where the incidence of crop and livestock £5, and pests are factors. By 2030, every _-tii,(¢)__ person added to the world’s population will be a sub-Saharan African. Food and Fiber Production Study Guide 1. Coyetiis are the world’s most important source of food, both for human consumption and as inputs to livestock production. 2. World annual cereal use per person has _| i j\: i, __ since the 1980s. 3. World annual cereal use per person is approximately “4! kg. 4, By 2030 it is estimated that an extra bi!:n¢ tons of cereals will be needed each year. 5. In dp velocs< countries the demand for cereals has grown faster than production. 6. By 2030, developing countries will be importing 265 million tons of cereals, or percent of their consumption, annually. 7. Traditional exporters of cereals include BG Neda ©. ELL Kons ic 8. he ot, the world’s major cereal crop a Lr,rrrC—— consumption. 7 likely increase the production of cereals in the European 9, Spare land in E24" Union. 10. Rice, the second leading cereal crop (21% of the world’s cereal consumption) is overwhelmingly used for_dit?-\ "Consumption. 11. Average consumption of rice in developing countries may well start 0 °c |iy,* during the period 2015 and 2030. 12, The coarse grains include @. terre, orginn, berle ralied Ye 15. About thi’? «1: “of world consumption of coarse grains is used for animal feed. qt 14. The production of oil crops is growing at. the speed of world agriculture as a whole. Srug ere gsc 15. World consumption of roots, tubers, and plantain has been on the Of" jy. 16. In China millions of farmers and consumers have switched from sweet potatoes to polaloes . 17. Export crops could include OS including serious problems with water and air pollution. 19, Livestock production currently accounts for some /{() __ percent of the gross value of world agricultural production. \ fi ‘ F oy 20. Growth of the livestock sector has been a major factor contributing toi" in some countries, particularly Latin America. 21. The past three decades the share of iis!" products in human diets has risen, while that of cereals and other staples has fallen. 22. As incomes rise, people generally spend a higher share of their food budget on“), (110 protein. 23. A continued shift in livestock production methods can be expected, away from extensive grazing systems and towards more |\00 and industrial methods. 24, The concentration of animals, particularly in urban areas, leads to problems of _disposal and pollution. 25. The main risks of genetic modification arise from potential side-cffects on the environment oron {yf _ health, Farming the Oceans Study-Guide 1. Worldwide, more than 3 million fishers and fish farmers and their families gain their livelihood from fisheries. 7 2. Most of the fishers and fish farmers and their families gain their livelihood from fisheries are in_Aryols pif {eounties. 3. Globally, fish provide about _| (9 percent of the animal protein consumed by humans 4. Globally, fish are an important source of _/¥ifi¢ ((/\ and fatty acids. 5. Total annual fish production reached 125 million tons in 1999, almost dacs beef from the 1970 production levels. 6. Since the 1950s, increases in marine capture levels have been made possible by advances in fishing teclwolost gna efficiency. 7. The continuing rise in overall fish production was made possible by the rapid growth of Mich expanded by 10% during the 1990s. 8. Fish account for an average of _% © __ percent of the animal protein consumed in Asia, approximately 20 percent in Africa, and around 10 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2 40 vise reaching an annual demand of 186 “| 9. Fish consumption per person is expected to C million tons by 2030. hue re, Evs oP, eh Ree cei 10 Heath and diet quality coneoms wil bos fh consumption in_"O Nov GB). grade 11, Fish meal is used for } \yeste hand hacsocut { beds, and account for a quarter of world fish production. 12. Over the next three decades, the demand for fish will be met by a continued shift from fish capture to fish (cat (OW SS 13. Over the next three decadi radition capture fisheries species such as halibut, cod, and tuna ees i act eS will be domesticated for AU (48 production. 14, The single most important influence on the future of wild capture fisheries is, their 4 OVerance ‘ \ y 15, The major ecological impact of capture fisheries stems from the sheer extent of_(\Uai fishing. 16. Over ||QO ___ species of fish, mollusk and crustacean are taken in capture fisheries. 17. Over ZOD _ species of fish, mollusk and crustacean are used in aquaculture, federal waters up to 18. The US Secretary of Commerce can issue permits for fish farms 00 mites oftore 19, By 2030 less than half of the fish consumed by humans will come from usild stocks. 20. Currently the US consumes million metric tons of fish a year. 21. Open-ocean farmed species may require from three to 35) pounds of feed for every pound of meat produced. 22. Currently the US imports 10 percent of our seafood. overall impact of -lir4#erfe fishing on the ocean ecology is only sketehily known, Capiet c FAO estimates suggest that by the end ofthe 1990s, more than percent of stocks of main fish species were overfished or depleted. 25.29 tla fiat (Moss of habitat, and habitat degradation are threats to aquatic biodiversity. Agriculture’s Most Limiting Resource ~ Water Study Guide Irrigated land accounted for two-fifths of all crop production in the world and close to three Lit Gf cereal production. Since the early 1960s, no less than million ha of new irrigated land have been created, Worldwide there will be no shortage of land and_LW°x¢ {for irrigation, however, serious problems could exist at the local level. Agriculture is responsible for about __/ percent of all the water withdrawn for human use. The ratio between the amount of water actually used for erop growth and the amount, Oe, Water availability is considered to become a critical issue only when 0 ___ percent or more of renewable water resources are used for irrigation ‘(Ziyey's — running dry is a principle sign of stress as the demand for water outruns the supply, Iny tabee & Falling [Jatt ys te ‘is another principle sign of stress as the demand for water outruns the supply. Many of the world's major rivers now fail to make it to the sea. The (4) rivers are examples. Co lavore Raut, Nile Lave Grange Pa Yellen Leer In the competition for water, yey ics. 4 ldimost always loses. v Worldwide we are now overpumping by _| {p()___ billion tons of water per year. . The water required to produce the grain and foodstuffs imported annually into Northern Africa and the Middle Bast was equal to the annual low of the Niue River. 13. Dr. Brown suggested thatthe competition for water in the Middle ast, and the world, was going to take place in the world’s auf I Ke 14. Clune Ces assessing the future world water situation difficult. 15, The ice sheet in the Aretic Ocean has shrunk by nearly _'}()___ percent over the last five years. 16. One hundred years ago in Glacier National Park, Montana there were over 150 glaci Now there are only 5O 17. A first line of attack for improving the productivity of water used in agriculture is to increase wctigertiaV efficiency. 18. “Dri _ systems have significant untapped potential among various irrigation technologies 19, Reconfiguring our diets will have an impact on agricultural _|,)a. hey _ consumption. 20. The more time water spends in the Ql" __, the more it evaporates and blows off course before reaching the plants. 21. Dr. Brown suggested that water prices should clearly reflect the a\U2. of water. 22. More water e\\ycv.. crops will help stretch water supplies. 23. The feed conversion rate for many species of fish is one kilogram of fish for less than \Wop _ kilograms of grain. 24, Falling ground water levels have caused Scibsi¢ °¢¢Cin bui intrusion of seawater into aquifers, and higher pumping costs, 25, Out of 93 developing countries studied, LO. were already using more than 40 percent of renewable water for irrigation. Preserving the Primary Growth Medium ‘Study Guide 1. At present approximately 1.5 billion ha of land are being used for arable and permanent crops. This is approximately _| | __ percent of the world’s surface area. 2. According to the FAO, an additional, 6 __ billion acres are to some degree suitable for rainfed production. 3. Of'the acres reported by FAO to be some degree suitable for rainfed production, 4f 5 percent is covered in forests, 12 percent is in protected areas, and 3 percent is taken up by human settlements and infrastructure. 4, By 2030 the Near East and North Africa will be using 94 percent of its suitable cropland, with a surplus of only 6 million ha. 5. Assuming a requirement for housing and infrastructure of 40 ha per 1000 people, then world population growth between 1995 and 2030 implies the need for an additional _[(¢\ million ha of such non-agricultural land. 6. Land _doagas pis the process by which the soil’s current or future capacity to produce is lowered by chemical, physica, or biological changes. 7. GLASOD estimated that a total of _, “1 _ million ha of land had been degraded. il degradation with approximately 8. LJa\e(__ erosion was the most common cause of s 1,100 million ha. 9. \vind erosion was the second most common cause of soil degradation with approximately 600 million ha. 10. Other consequences of soil _¢°- {1/'““* include siltation of stream beds and dams, flood damage, loss of fisheries, and the eutrophication of lakes and coastal waters. 11,____ refers to the degradation of soils in arid and semi-arid area Desertifieod i fa <,\ 12,28 occurs in irrigated areas, usually when inadequate drainage causes salts to concentrate in the upper soil layers where plants root. a. Nuwie™® ‘ iis when insufficient fertilizers are used to replace the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium harvested with their crops and lost through leaching 14. In a Cornell University study, it was estimated that around the world soil was being swept and washed away 10t0_// (___ times faster than it is being replenished 15, The Commell article suggested soil erosion was the SCay._ biggest environmental problem the world faces. iy. 16: In Come University study, it was estimated that in the United States soil was being swept ‘if and washed away |() -+ 5 40 times faster than it is being replenished. 17. Damages caused by worldwide soil erosion are estimated to be_'/ OD _ billion dotiars per year ieee een J) percent of soil that is washed away ends up in rivers, streams and lakes. 19. In 1998 conservation tillage was practiced on _% F percent of all cropland in the United States. 20. Urban sprawl is a growing threat to the health of land in the United States. Between 1992 tbo and 1997, about__|\0__ million acres of land were converted to development land, ce gato 21Sa\00**" is another threat to the health of land in the United States. Between 55 and 60 million acres are affected by this build-up of salts in the soil. 22. $ | tolerance level is the maximum amount of soil _@¥93|.'(_ that can occur and still permit profitable crop production to continue indefinitely i 4 Plone . 23. Wind erosion is a threat to agricultural productivity in the (nein, region of the United States 24, Between 1985 and 1995, the adoption of effective conservation practices cut soil erosion by \ nearly _oye — thil A 25. Approximately _ ©? __ million acres of fragile cropland are now enrolled in the US Conservation Reserve Program. ‘The Role of Forests in the Agricultural Industry Study Guide 1. Forests and other wooded areas perform key econon and ecological functions including protect soils, regulate water flow and retain carbon that might otherwise add to Qi°°\ (.945 ¢ q 5 gases. 2. In 2000 the world had approximately 3870 million ha of forest, covering _ ~~ percent ofits land area, 3. Natural forests were estimated to constitute about _percent of global forests. 6 4, Approximately _© | percent of global forests are available for wood supply. 5. During the 1990s, the total forest area Se(0/<_ by a net 9.4 million ha per year. «cal forest wi 7 ul 6. Itis projected that natural tropical forest will shrink by an additional ©) “| percent by 2030, 7. By 2030 global consumption of industrial roundwood will rise by _ percent over current levels to around 2,400 million m’. 8. There has been a shift in the sources of wood, away from poorly regulated wild forests toward © ‘and sustainably managed forests and woodlands. 9, Efforts to conserve forest and tree resources have been helped by increased realization of 10, Eco-labeling allows consumers to purchase products from ©"'~ "managed forests. 11. Concerns over global warming have focused attention on the role of forests in regulating levels in the atmosphere. 12,Non-Wee forest products include wild foods, plants, and medicinal herbs. 13. The World Conservation Union has established a goal that__|© percent of each country’s land area should be under some form of protection to preserve its biodiversity. wer 14, World _\MPCE*S ofall wood products in 2004 totaled $71.2 billion . Fics 15. In 2004 the world’s leading importer of wood products was the hn. *¢c! “with $23.3 billion, 16, World _cxf0"% _ of all wood products in 2004 totaled $65.7 billion. 17.1 2004 the world’s leading exporter of wood produets was (0 pOd0 with $1733 billion. 18, In 2004 the world’s leading exporter of softwood logs was Rus ($1.8 billion). 19. In 2004 the world’s leading exporter of hardwood logs was the \Jy,¢¢<+°*($603 million). j Coin _ ($8.5 billion). ele’ s "(81.5 billion). 20. In 2004 the world’s leading exporter of softwood lumber was 21. In 2004 the world’s leading exporter of hardwood lumber was (wi 22. In 1999, Canada replaced “JOP0'/\__as the top market for U. S. wood exports. 23. “Hordes lumber is the leading wood product commodity group exported from the United States. 24, Nearly © percent of all U. S. wood product exports fall into three commodity categories; hardwood lumber (25%), softwood logs (14%), and hardwood logs (10%). eis Sapa \_ is the leading market for U. S. softwood logs with approximately $430 million in 2003. lO 1 The Environment and Agriculture Study Guide Agriculture accounts for a major share of the \\uynavi_ use of land, 2.Cropand !"StSduetion are the main source of water pollution by nitrates, phosphorus, and rt 12. . The generation of nitrous oxide, a pesticides. Sustainable production methods can ease the _/\¢/a{ jue. impacts of agriculture on the 4 environment. . Fertilizers, manure, and pesticides are major causes of (JL fe {{__ pollution. Livestock production accounts for about | ()__pereent of global air pollution emissions. Burning of plant biomass is another major source of _O[1\_pollutants. | fey y an F mates of loss of [5100 s2(>" due to extinction vary from 2 to 25 percent of all species. Agriculture is responsible for up to_ ©2© percent of all methane emissions. Livestoc’ is responsible for up to 25 percent of all methane emissions by way of gut fermentation and the decay of excreta. 4 (QW gas, is boosted by leaching, volatilization and runoff of nitrogen fertilizers, and by the breakdown of crop residues and animal wastes. pores {alsbe\ "has the potential to benefit agriculture by expanding areas suitable for cropping, tock, and increasing increasing the growing period, lowering the cost of over wintering liv the growth rate of forests. The average sea level is projected to rise by 15 to 20 em by © and by 50 em by 2100. Nottill/conservation tillage can raise crop yields by 2010. SO _ percent. wa 14, Integrated pest management aims to minimize the amount of _{/ CAN applied by using other control methods more effectively. ayo glow Node _ ; eo" system is one where practitioners aim to optimize the use of nutrients 15. An§n through a range of practices that include the recycling of vegetable and animal wastes and the use to legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen, 16. Oreo (C_ agriculture is a set of practices where the use of external inputs is minimized and synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, synthetic preservatives, and pharmaccuticals are excluded 17. Consumers in developed countries are willing to pay premiums of 10 to_'{O____ percent for organic produce. 18. Between 1995 and 2000, the total area of organic land in Europe and United States tripled. In industrial countries, organie agriculture is based on clearly defined methods enforced by 51 and certification bodies, \ 19. Organic agriculture yields are often 10 to 30 percent _|gu¢¥ __ than conventional farming. 20. Agricultural [ores _ pollution is the leading source of water quality impacts on surveyed rivers and lakes. 21. The global temperature record shows an average warming of _“l_°F over the past. century. 22. \dave the most abundant greenhouse gas. It makes up 2/3 of the natural greenhouse effect 23, Global warming’s climate change is likely to have wide ranging and mostly adverse impacts on human \\o9 6 q 24, Global temperatures during the last ice age were only __°F cooler than today. q 25 i-inr activities are the primary cause of the increase in CO> in the atmosphere. 26. Global warming is expected to (AUC the size and extent ofthe polar ice eaps. \9 10. " 1s Our Food Supply Safe? Study Guide ion tet Consumers perceive the _(\e\(i4!2” “between food and health distinctly different from the experts, Ina study of U.S. citizens, %% percent of the respondents were somewhat or very concerned about food safety. (ily over the last four years. Concern over food safety in the United States has _4 o Inastudy of U.S. citizens, [yo] fof the respondents who were concemed about food safety had made changes in dietary practices because of the concern. m over thei Participants in a U. S./Japan study on food safety expressed skepti government's ability to_40) (ge. 44"the safety of their food supply ity. ‘Swedish consumers rated issues such as food contaminants, additives, and antibiotics higher ee Norwegian consumers were more concemed about the 19 \__i sue (57%) than food additives (39%) and environmental pollution (43%), In the Norwegian study, © luca {io had a large influence on the consumer's perceptions about food and health risks. In Japan, consumers are beginning to express their anxiety about food safety by becoming . These cooperatives apply food safety standards far in members of consumer cooperat CXCCSS _ of what the national government mandates. ‘To prevent agriterrorism on the farm, an individual should pay attention to the Cc iW of the farm, neighborhood, and community. To prevent agriterrorism, a farmer should immediately report any missing chemicals, sor Loch \eeenS equipment, fuels, medicin 12. To prevent agriterrorism, a farmer should immediately report animals that become suddenly illor plants that exhibit unusual or sudden signs of stress, ig0%.C or sudden death. A | £ a ie My i n 7 13. a{0% is the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining stability. 7 14, Because agricultural production is geographically disbursed in unsecured environments, it is Pp geographically \ © a torGe 4 for agriterrorism. frequently concentrated in CO¥ITi!<" locations, and 15, Because livestock production livestock are then transported and mingled with other herds makes ita threat for agriterrorism, 16. Many veterinarians lack expertise with 4o\0',2'(,_animal diseases that are resilient and endemic in foreign countries. 17, Appropriations for USDA homeland securities activities have more than lau isi ck (325 million) since September 11, 2001. 18, The results of an agrterrorist attack would include major economic crises in the agricultural and Son c industries. A 19. In the event ofan agriterrorist attack, public confidence in_Qover™ Could be eroded if authorities appear unable to prevent such an attack or to protect the population’s food supply 20. An agriterrorism attack could affect the & C£__ of land since prices are directly correlated to the productivity and marketability of agricultural products. “7.21. Since the United States exports 22% of its agricultural production, an agriterrorism attack \ could lower agricultural income by affecting the oy "1! markets. ' f _ susceptible to agriterrorism because production is J 22. Cow-calf operations would be-ELETF dispersed throughout the United States and involves a number of small operations. a _ 23.8, log ces! weapons have been rarely used in conflicts between countries. 24.(pomienl__ weapons have been somewhat more commonly used against agricultural targets, 25. An agriterrorism attack on one commodity could result in sig hey prices for other food products. ‘Threats to the Agriculture Industry — Animal Rights, Welfare, and Waste Study — Guide A 1989 summary of state nonpoint source water quality assessments revealed that over one- third of all water impairments attributed to agricultural pollution were caused by animal sls: . An pg *°" fnust stable, confine, and feed or maintain animals for a total of 45 days in any 12-month period and not sustain crops, vegetation forage growth, or post-harvest residues in the normal growing season over any portion of the facility. . A fqnteitate-! animal feeding operation is an animal feeding operation that has between 301 and 1000 animal units. . Quel ud: We are stewards of animals. ‘Their lives and experiences have intrinsic value, but itis up to us to decide how to maximize value in the aggregate by using animals in various ways. i Aemiw’’s We have dominion over animals. That is, they have value only as means to our ends, <_: Animals have moral rights. And when individuals have moral rights, we - Dies ¢ ‘cannot treat them as means to our ends. The nest ies philosophy suggests that we have a moral obligation to balance benefits and harms. The bwin dow” philosophy suggests that animals have no moral standing because they lack consciousness, including consciousness of pain. ‘The nies’ "9° philosophy suggests that we cannot justify harming animals just because the benefits to us outweigh the harms to them. as 10. PETA, People for the Ethical treatment of Animals, was established in Washington, DC in 120 11, In 2001, PETA reported income in excess of $_\2 million and maintained assets in excess of $4 million. 12, Some examples of agricultural _ngy.goié'' _ source pollution include: agricultural fields, barnyards, feedlots, lawns, and home gardens. 13, Ren source pollution is the introduction of an impurity into a surface-water body or aquifer through a direct route at an easily identifiable, distinct location. 14. Row source pollution is somewhat easier to control, although control measures are usually more expensive 15. In the broadest sense, ground water consists of all Subsurlacc_ water. 16. TheyAicicg ie eyele is the constant circulation of water through the environment by the processes of precipitation, infiltration, percolation, runoff, evaporation, transpiration, ground water discharge and recharge, and interflow. 17. The main hydrologic component transporting nonpoint source pollution to surface-water bodies is cunolk 18. The main hydrologic components transporting nonpoint source pollution into an aquifer are infiltration and_pecteln.Aiod 19.4 pollutant is any substance that is introduced into a water resource, naturally or by human activities 20. (ances sso 'Fefers to the amount of a substance in a specific amount of water at one point in time. oA Loadivig is the term used to indicate the amount of pollutant entering or contained in a water resource, 22. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are implemented to improve or gyntect the quality and/or quantity of the water resource. 23. Nbo\eysrs4_ is the process of reducing pollutant levels in a water resource by modifying or climinating the production of the pollutant, and controlling the transport of the pollutant to the resource. del 24, The first component of pollution prevention is termed Sut", the elimination of the initial production of wastes and pollutants at the source. 25. The sec i enti velo 25. The second component of pollution prevention is to Y@cyc ic and reuse the wastes and pollutants in an environmentally sound manner. 25 Threats to the Agriculture Industry — Limited Resources & Urban expansion Study — Guide 1. Growing food accounts for only Oe _-\ of the 10 quadrillion Btu of energy used by the U.S. food system each year. 2. Four {ifkns of the 10 quadrillion Btu of energy used by the U. S. food system each year is used to move, process, package, sell, and store food after it leaves the farm. 3. C\a\Qe.__ is the top consumer of the world’s fertilizer products using more than 40 million tons in 2004 4, Fertilizer use has leveled off in the United States, staying near__‘{.|___ million tons per year since 1984, 5. As il prices increase, there will be a premium on closing the mutrient cycle and replacing synthetic fertilizer with Oa waste. 6. Approximately 21 percent of all overall food system energy is used in agricultural gendtuc qian 7. Fruits and vegetables in western ip¢lus'c\0\ countries often travel between 2,500 and 4,000 kilometers (1,533.4 2,485.5 miles) from the farm to the store. 8. Trucks account for the majority of food transport, although they are nearly__| times more energy-intensive than moving goods by rail or barge. 9, Processed food make up ce of the total world food sales. F t 10. Processed breakfast cereals can easily use__\iye ___ times as much energy as is, contained in the cereal itself. H 12: Se(owrin can be defined as any growth in suburban areas. Mo 14, The extent of urbanized areas and urban places, as defined by the Bureau of Census, more than An hioc! from 25.5 milion acres in 1960 to 55.9 million acres in 1990. 15. The average household size is}. 16. Of residents living in medium to large cities, percent wanted to live in a rural or small town setting 30 or more miles from the city. 17. Residential development requires $< “| __ in expenditures for public services for every dollar it generates in tax revenues. 18, Farmland or open space generates only cents in costs for every dollar in taxes paid 19. Despite doubling since 1990, urban areas still made up less than_“

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