2ND SEMESTER OF

SY 2010-2011
Mr. Chris Mantillas

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THE NATURE AND DEFINITION OF
CIVILIZATION
O Civilize- to bring or come out of a primitive or
savage condition and into a state of
civilization. Improve in habits or manners.
O Civilization-the condition of being civilized;
social organization of a high order, mark by
the development and use of a written
language and by advances in the arts and
sciences, government, etc.
IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING ASIA

O ue are Asians and, thus, we should know

more about Asia than any other region in the
world.
O Asia will dominate the worldǯs political,
economic and, and spiritual developments in
the near future.
O The Philippines, due to its location and
heritage, has always been the Dzlight of Asiadz,
and today is still able to fulfill a great role in
this Asian renaissance.
East and West

O Œeographers have sometimes divided the

world into two parts: East and uest.
O The East (Orient) is the Asian world, said to
be the region of the rising sun.
O The uest (Occident) is Europe and North
America, said to be the region of the setting
sun.
ASIAŨS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

O Asia is the worldǯs largest continent, and

includes many vast countries, such as the
Russian Federation, and countries with huge
populations, such as China and India. Its total
area is 44.5 million square kilometers, one
third of the land surface of the earth and with
sixty percent of its population.
ASIAŨS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Total Land Area: 44,500,000 sq km

Largest Countries: Russia,12,780,824 sq. km.
China, 9,596,960 sq. km.
Total Population: 3,840,000,000
Highest Population: China, 1,306,313,812
ASIAŨS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

O üordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean.

O On the south by the Indian Ocean.
O On the east by the Pacific Ocean.
O On the west by the Ural Mountains, Caspian
Sea, ülack Sea, and Aegean Sea.
O It is separated from North America by the
narrow üering Strait, and from Africa by the
man-made Suez Canal. In the southeast, it is
linked by tropical islands like stepping-stones
to Australia.
Western Asia
Also called Near East because
of its nearness to Europe, the
Middle East lies midway
between Asia and Europe. It
includes the following
countries:
1. Iran
2. Iraq
3. Syria
4. Lebanon
5. Jordan
6. Israel
7. Saudi Arabia
8. Kuwait
9. üahrain
10. Qatar
11. United Arab Emirates
12. Oman
13. Yemen
North Asia
Includes the following
countries:
1. Afghanistan
2. Russiaǯs Siberia
3. Kazakhstan
4. Kyrgyzstan
5. Tajikistan
6. Turkmenistan
7. Uzbekistan
8. Œeorgia
9. Armenia
South Asia
Includes the following
countries:
1. India
2. Pakistan
3. üangladesh
4. Sri Lanka
5. ühutan
6. Nepal
7. Maldives
East Asia
Also called the Far East,
this sub-region
includes:
1. China
2. Japan
3. Taiwan
4. North Korea
5. South Korea
6. Mongolia
Southeast Asia
In this sub-region are:
1. The Philippines
2. Indonesia
3. Malaysia
4. Singapore
5. Thailand
6. Myanmar
7. Vietnam
8. Cambodia
9. Laos
10. ürunei
11. Timor Leste
 Physical Features

O Asia has towering snow-capped mountains like

the Himalayas, Ural Mountains, and the
Caucasus range.
O Asia has many peninsulas, notably India,
Indochina, Malaya, Korea and Kamchatka. These
peninsulas contain excellent harbors and bays.
O Asia is also the sight of numerous uistoric rivers
that serves as highways of commerce and
communications such as the 6
  

      
  
 
Physical Features

O Along the North Arctic Coast lies the tundra, frozen

soil covered by snow most of the year and stretching
from 150-500 km. in northern Asia.
O South of the tundra extends the zone of the vast
northern forests known as the taiga which covers
most of Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.
O In the center of Asia, the forest gives way to semi-
desert areas known as steppes, which stretch from
Arabia to Mongolia.
O Nine-tenths of the population in Southern Asia live in
ertile river valleys and lower uills cultivated for
crops.
Climate and Rainfall
O Asia has all kinds of climates known to man, ranging from
the   
of Siberiaǯs Arctic region to the  
  of uestern Asiaǯs deserts.
O ›  is extremely scarce in North Asia, abundant in
Southeast and South Asia, and relatively little in the Middle
East.
O Asia has both    and   . In the
north, temperate climate is felt in the very cold winters and
very hot summers. The climate in southern Asia is
dominated by the    , an Arabic word for rainy
season, when several months of the year bring heavy
rainfall. In the Philippines, heavy rain and strong winds are
called !  , from the Chinese word Dztai fungdz
meaning strong wind.
Natural Resources
O About 60% of the oil reserves and 50% of world coal deposits lie beneath Asian
strata (e.g. Middle East, ürunei and Indonesia).
O China produces 50% of the world supply of antimony (mineral used in steel) and
30% of tungsten (minerals used for light bulbs).
O China and Siberia are rich in coal and natural gas deposits, as well as oil.
O Malaysia is the worldǯs greatest producer of rubber and tin.
O Indonesia is the greatest exporter of apo, pepper and quinine.
O The Philippines ranks first in uemp production, second in coconut and
sugarcane, and fifth in tobacco.
O About 90% of the worldǯs rice comes from Asia. üurma (Myanmar), Vietnam and
Thailand are the greatest rice producing countries of the world.
O Most of the world supply of tea comes from the jungles of üorneo, Myanmar,
Cambodia and Thailand.
O üangladesh is the leading producer of iute, the tough fiber for making sacks.
O The world supply of tea comes largely from Sri Lanka and India.
Natural Wonders
O „t. Everest is the 0
 

 at 29,028 ft. located on the
Nepal-Tibet border.
O The 0
 0
 

is the Vead Sea at 303 m. below sea level. It
is actually a salt lake located in the Israel-Jordan border.
O The 0




 is 6ndonesia consisting of 13,000 islands.
O The waspian Sea in Siberia is the 

 
 
 

.
O Õae Baial, also in Siberia is the 0



 
at 5,710 feet deep.
O The Guilippine Veep is 
 



 

 at 10,918 meters
below sea level.
O The 0


  is Indiaǯs Bengal Bay with a shoreline of 2,250
miles.
O The 0
 

 is the „alacca Strait, located between
Indonesia and Malaysia (485 miles).
O The 0


0

 is the San Juanico Strait between the
islands of Samar and Leyte in the Philippines.
Man-Made Wonders
O ue Great Wall o wuina. üuilt by Emperor Shih Huang Ti (220-
221 ü.C.). uith a length of 2,700 km. long across North China, it
took more than 10 years to finish, and more than 200,000 men
labored on the project.
O ue 6ugao Rice erraces o tue Guilippines. üuilt 2,000 years
ago, if placed end to end, they would extend more than 22,500
km., eight times longer than Chinaǯs Œreat uall or more than half
the circumference of the Earth.
O ue ai „aual in Agra, 6ndia. Hailed by uestern writers as Dzthe
most beautiful and most perfect of all buildings in the worlddz.
O Borobudur emple in Java, 6ndonesia.
O ue Angor Wat in wambodia.
O ue Suwe Vagon, the fabulous golden pagoda in Rangoon,
üurma (Myanmar).
O ue Vome o tue Roc an Islamic Shrine in Jerusalem.
 Peoples of Asia

O Brown Race-represented by Filipinos, Malaysians and

Indonesians.
O ÷ellow Race-represented by the Chinese, Koreans and
Japanese.
O Aryan or 6ndo-European- a branch of the white race
represented by Afghans, Iranians and Indians.
O Semitics- a branch of the white race represented by Arabs,
Jews, Iraqis and Syrians.
O Red Race- Siberian and Soviet Asian who migrated to North
America and became ancestors of American Indians.
O Eurasians/Amerasians-result of mixed marriages (part
European, part Asian or part American, part Asian).
Asian Character Traits
O Spirituality. üecause the Asian has an innate spiritual
nature, there is spiritual dimension to everything he does.
O àatalism. The Asian does not believe that he is the Dzmaster
of his souldz.
O Stoicism .The Asian calmly accepts death, pain, illness and
misfortune.
O ospitality . No matter how humble their situations,
Asians will serve and pamper their guests.
O Extended amily relationsuips . Strong bonds of love and
kinship among Asian family members.
O A sense o continuity . uhatever man does affects nature.
O 6ndirect reasoning . To the Asian there is no such thing as
objective truth; truth is always relative.
Ancient Civilizations of
Asia
O The Mesopotamian Civilizations
O In ancient times, Iraq (then known as
Mesopotamia) was the first cradle of
civilization.
O Several ancient civilizations thrived in this
fertile plain Dzbetween two riversdz- Sumerians,
üabylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans and
Persians.
Mesopotamian Civilization

O The worldǯs first ancient civilization dawned

at Sumer, Mesopotamia (Sumerians), as early
as 3,500 ü.C. They developed a high
civilization which was later absorbed by the
Babylonians.
O The greatest üabylonian ruler was
Hammurabi, founder of the empire and
author of the famous Hammurabi Code (1800
ü.C.).
Mesopotamian Civilization
O After the fall of üabylonia, the warlike Assyrians
dominated Mesopotamia and built their own empire (1100-
612 ü.C.). The Assyrian Empire flourished in the Tigris-
Euphrates Valley.
O Following the collapse of the Assyrians, the Chaldeans rose
to power. Their greatest ruler was Nebuchadnezzar who
built the DzHanging Œardens of üabylon,dz one of the seven
wonders of ancient world.
O The Gersians, under Cyrus the Œreat conquered Iraq in 538
ü.C.
O Then came Alexander the Œreat and his successors.
O Iraq also fell under the power of the Parthians and the
Sasanians.
Mesopotamian Civilization

Mesopotamian Contributions to Civilization.

1. The Sumerians invented the first plow and
the first wheel. The plow revolutionized
farming and the wheel gave birth to the
pottery industry and revolutionized
transportation. They were the first people to
domesticate plants (barley, oats, millet, etc.)
and animals (dogs, cats, oxen, etc.)
Mesopotamian Civilization

2. The ancient Mesopotamians were the first

people in the world to develop a system of
writing, the cuneiform, so called because of
its wedge-shaped characters.
The term cuneiform came from the Latin
words cuneus (wedge) and forma (form).
Mesopotamian Civilization

3. The worldǯs first written laws were written in

ancient Mesopotamia. According to recent
archeological findings, the first written code
of laws was made by Ur-Naman, king of the
Sumerian city-kingdom of Ur, about 2050 ü.C.
Three centuries later, King Hammurabi of
üabylonia, promulgated his written legal
code (1750 ü.C.).
Mesopotamian Civilization

4. The ancient Mesopotamians developed the

worldǯs first written literature which consisted
of lyric and epic poetry, folklore tales, proverbs
and romantic stories.
One of the Mesopotamian epics was the Epic of
Œilgamesh, which narrates great flood sent by
angry gods to destroy peoples, animals and
plants on earth. This epic antedated the story of
the Œreat Deluge (flood) in the Old Testament,
in which Noah and his family survived.
Mesopotamian Civilization

5. Ancient Mesopotamians were the worldǯs

first astronomers. They were the first people
to chart the movements of the sun, moon
and stars; to make the first calendar of 12
months a year and seven days a week.
üecause of their belief that stars and planets
affect the lives of men, they developed
astrology and devised the twelve signs of
the zodiac.
Mesopotamian Civilization

6. Mathematics was first developed in ancient

Mesopotamia. The Sumerians who were
expert mathematicians, devised the
sexagesimal, that is, counting by 60ǯs. They
divided the hour into 60 minutes, and the
minute into 60 seconds.
Mesopotamian Civilization
7. The ancient Mesopotamians were the first builders of
cities, palaces, temples, and other massive structures, all
of which were made of clay bricks. The Mesopotamian
cities of üabylon, Nineveh, and Ur were among the oldest
cities in the world.
Among the wondrous structure in ancient Mesopotamia
were the palatial library of the Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal
(669-626 ü.C.), said to be the worldǯs oldest library; the
famous DzHanging Œardens of üabylon,dz which was built by
the Chaldean king, Nebuchadnezzar (604-561 ü.C.) and
the ziggurat, a temple of many stories with an outside
staircase leading to the top, a forerunner of the modern
skyscraper.
Mesopotamian Civilizations
6n „edicine:
 Mesopotamian medicine was a combination
of magic, prescription and surgery.
 They believed that demons and evil spirits
caused sickness and that magic spells could
drive them out.
 Physicians could force the demon out by
giving the patient a foul tasting prescription.
 Medicine grew from superstition to an early
form of rational treatment.
Mesopotamian Civilization

6n Religion and ueology:

 They believed that many gods run the world,
but they are not equal due to their different
jobs (e.g. taking care of music, law, sex and
victory) against those with lesser task (basket
weaving etc.)
 Mesopotamian gods were human in form but
they are powerful, immortal and can make
themselves invisible.
Ancient Civilizations of
Asia
O The Indus Valley Civilization
O Indian civilization began in the Indus Valley
up north about 3,000 ü.C.
O The ruins of the ancient cities are found in
Mohendro-daro and Harappa (now in
Pakistan).
O The early dark-skinned people called the
Vravidians built cities, temples, and art
works as old as those of China, Egypt and
Mesopotamia.
Indus Valley Civilization

O About 2,000 ü.C., the fair skinned Aryans

invaded the Indus Valley. They spoke Sanskrit
and founded small kingdoms in the fertile
plains of north India. They gave India the
Vedic literature, Sanskrit epics, Hinduism,
and the caste system.
Indus Valley Civilization

Vedic Literature.
 The Vedic literature reflects the life and
culture of the ancient Aryans of India. It
consist of four literary works:
1. Vedas. Composed of hymns, prayers, rituals,
magic and poetry. They were written about 1,000
ü.C. and were the earliest sacred books of
Hinduism.
2. ürahmanas. Prose texts containing observations
on religious rites. Also includes legends of the
exploits of ancient kings and heroes.
Indus Valley Civilization

3. Arankayas. üooks of instructions for the

hermits in the forests. They contain
elaborate rules for the performance of
religious ceremonies.
4. Upanishads. üooks of instructions given
by a father to his son or the teacher to his
pupil.
Indus Valley Civilization

Sanskrit Epic.
 The two great Sanskrit epics of ancient India
were the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.
 According to tradition, the Mahabharata was
written by üyasa about 500 ü.C. It is the longest
epic poem in the world. The Mahabharata tells
the tale of the five brothersǯ struggle to recover
the throne from their wicked cousins.
 The Hindu god Krishna helps them win the
bloody battle.
Indus Valley Civilization

 The Ramayana is shorter and was written by

Valmiki, also about 500 ü.C.
 This tells the story of Prince Rama, the seventh
reincarnation of the Hindu Œod Vishnu.
 uhen his beautiful wife Siva was abducted by
Ravana, demon god of Ceylon, Rama invaded
Ceylon with an army of monkeys. After many
bloody battles, he killed his enemy, rescued his
wife, and returned to India with his victorious
army of monkeys.
Indus Valley Civilization

Hinduism.
 The Aryans, laid the foundation of Hinduism,
Indiaǯs main religion today and the source of
many modern cults.
 Hinduism is the worldǯs oldest organized
religion. It began as nature worship (animism)
as the Aryans prayed to forces of nature for
favors. They have 300 million gods and
goddesses representing natural forces and
personified gods to fit human needs.
Indus Valley Civilization
 The chief Hindu god is ürahma, the creator and world soul.
Lesser gods are Vishnu (preserver) and Shiva (destroyer).
 üetween these gods and man are bewildering number of other
gods- nine versions of the divine mother, an elephant god, a
good luck god, sun god, earth god, etc. These gods intercede for
man according to Hindus.
 They also believe in the karma (destiny) and reincarnation (a
good soul is reborn after death into a higher status; a bad soul
into a lower status or animal).
 After a cycle of births and deaths, the soul of a good man is
finally rewarded by being absorbed into ürahma, the creator and
source of true happiness.
 Much of the beliefs and practices of Hinduism have been spread
worldwide by informal organizations led by gurus, spiritual
teachers.
Indus Valley Civilization

Caste System.
 The caste (class) system has become part of
Indian life due to the religious approval given to
it by Hinduism. It divides people into rigid castes
or classes:
1. ürahmans, priests and scholars.
2. Kshatriyas, rulers or warriors.
3. Vaishyas, farmers, artists and merchants
4. Sudras, workers and slaves.
5. Untouchables, persons who do not belong to any
class and do the dirtiest work like cleaning toilets and
collecting garbage.
Indus Valley Civilization

 The caste system began as a race prejudice of

the fair Aryans against the dark Dravidians. To
dominate them further, the Aryans made
class divisions a holy law.
 Thus, untouchables may not enter temples or
public baths and wells, for they would
desecrate or pollute others caste and offend
the gods.
Indus Valley Civilization

üuddhism.
 In the 6th century ü.C. a new religion started in the
Indian subcontinent which rejected Hinduism.
 This was üuddhism named after its founder
Œautama üuddha.
 üuddha taught all men the four DzNoble Truthsdz, and
these are:
1. Manǯs life is filled with suffering.
2. Manǯs suffering is caused by his selfish desires.
3. Man can end his suffering by conquering his selfish
desires.
4. After ridding himself of suffering, man attains the state of
Nirvana (perfect happiness).
Indus Valley Civilization

 To attain Nirvana, a person must follow the

DzEight Folds Pathdz consisting of:
1. Right belief
2. Right aspiration
3. Right speech
4. Right conduct
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right remembrance
8. Right meditation
Indus Valley Civilization

 üuddhism is split into two branches:

1. Mahayana (Œreater Vehicle) which involves
priests. üy first century A.D., Mahayana
üuddhism reached Tibet, China, Korea, Japan
and Southeast Asia.
2. Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle) which is a personal
direct worship, remained in Nepal and Ceylon
(Sri Lanka).
Ancient Chinese Civilization

 The worldǯs oldest continuing civilization,

with a recorded history of 5,000 years.
 Chinese prehistory dates to the Peking Man
who settled in the Huang Ho (Yellow River)
half a million years ago.
 At the time of the small states in
Mesopotamia, Indus Valley and Egypt,
Chinaǯs north and central plains had been
populated by peasant stock of the New Stone
Age.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

 According to myths, Chinese civilization

began with three sages and five good
emperors who were credited with various
improvements in society:
1. Agriculture
2. The plow
3. Silk Industry
4. Compass
5. uriting
6. Calendar
Ancient Chinese Civilization
The Chinese Dynasties.

Xia (Hsia) Dynasty (2205-1766 ü.C.)

Founded by Emperor Yu.

Shang Dynasty (1766-1122 ü.C.),

Ë uas the first to have writing, metal working, cities and
chariots.
Ë Shang kings were military chieftains and high priest.
Ë Shang society was marked by sharp status distinctions.
Ë Shang Royal family and aristocracy lived in large houses.
Ë Shang farmers were essentially serfs of the aristocrats.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

Úhou (Chou) Dynasty ( 1050-256 ü.C.)

Ë The Úhou recognized the Shang as occupying
the center of the world.
Ë The Úhou Dynasty built on the
accomplishments of its predecessors.
Ë Heaven gives the king the mandate to rule
only as long as he rules in the interests of the
people.
Ë The Úhou rulers set up a decentralized, feudal
system.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

Ë They sent out relatives and trusted

subordinates with troops to establish walled
garrisons in conquered territories.
Ë Œlimpses of what life was like at various social
levels in the early Úhou Dynasty can be found
in the üook of Songs, which contains the
earliest Chinese poetry.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

Ë Many of the folk songs are love songs like:

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Ancient Chinese Civilization

A Soldierǯs Song of Complaint:

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Ancient Chinese Civilization

A deep distrust of womenǯs involvement in politics:




 

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Ancient Chinese Civilization

Age of Philosophers.
Ë China produced three (3) outstanding
philosophers during the Úhou dynasty-
Confucius (551-479 ü.C.), Lao Tzu (604-517
ü.C.) and Mencius (373-289 ü.C.)
Ancient Chinese Civilization

wonucius (Kung-u-tzu, tue Scuolar).

Ë Chinaǯs greatest philosopher.
Ë Did not intend to found a new religion.
Ë He travelled throughout China to teach virtues
such as:
1. Righteousness
2. Propriety
3. uisdom
4. Piety
5. Loyalty
Ancient Chinese Civilization

O These virtues according to him must guide

human relations, such as between ruler and
subjects, parents and children, husband and
wife, older and younger siblings, and friends.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

O The Œolden Rule influenced Chinese life.

On humanity:
The master said:
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Ancient Chinese Civilization

Ë Confucius considered the family the basic

unit of society.
Ë He extolled filial piety, which to him meant
more than just reverent obedience of children
toward their parents:
Ancient Chinese Civilization

On Filial Piety:

The Master Said:

DzYou can be of service to your father and
mother by remonstrating with them tactfully.
If you perceive that they do not wish to follow
your advice, the continue to be reverent
toward them without offending or disobeying
them; work hard and do not murmur against
themdz
Ancient Chinese Civilization

Ë He gave high moral and ethical values to an

otherwise materialistic, oppressive, and rigid
society.
Ë His teachings were popular and compiled in
five classics and four books
Ancient Chinese Civilization

On leadership:
The Master said:

DzLead the people by means of government

policies and regulate them through
punishments, and they will be evasive and
have no sense of shame. Lead them by
means of virtue and regulate them through
rituals and they will have a sense of shame
and moreover have standards.dz
Ancient Chinese Civilization

On the power of study:

The master said:
DzI am not someone who was born wise. I am
someone who loves the ancients and tries to
learn from them.dz
DzI once spent a whole day without eating and a
whole night without sleeping in order to
think. It was of no use. It is better to studydz
Ancient Chinese Civilization

Õao zu (ue Old Scuolar).

Ë The founder of Taoism, another human
ethics-based religion.
Ë According to him in his work Tao Te Ching
(uay of Virtue): Anyone can find true
happiness by practicing the virtues of
humility, patience and self-control.
Ë His followers transformed his philosophy into
a religion of black magic and superstition.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

„encius
Ë Like Confucius travelled around offering
advice to rulers of various states.
Ë Human nature is fundamentally good, as
everyone is born with the capacity to
recognize what is right and act on it.
Ë People have the right to overthrow a
government by violent means.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

O ue Art o War. Attributed to Sun uu appeared

between 453 to 403 ü.C..
O Master Sun analyzed battle tactics and ways to
win wars without combat by deceiving the
enemy.
O He argued that heroism is a useless virtue that
leads to needless deaths.
O Discipline is essential, and he insisted that the
entire army had to be trained to follow the
orders of its commanders without questioning
them.
Asian Dynasties and Empires

O Early Indian Dynasties

ue „auryan Empire (322-185 B.w.E.)
O The first Hindu Empire. Founded by
Chandragupta Maurya who rallied the Indians
and drove away the Œreeks after the death of
Alexander the Œreat of Macedonia.
O The empire covered the whole Indian
peninsula, except south India.
Indian Dynasties

O The grandson of Maurya, Asoka, became the

greatest Maurya emperor 273-232 ü.C.)
O He rebelled against his brother older brother,
the rightful king and succeeded in his bloody
bid for the throne.
O He made üuddhism the state religion and
sent missionaries to other Asian countries.
O He built inns, orphanages, hospitals, and led
an exemplary life.
Indian Dynasties

O Ashoka conquered Kalinga (Orissa) on the

east coast of India.
O 100,000 were killed in the battle.
O Ashoka was consumed with remorse and
revulsion at the horror of war.
O He supported the doctrine of not hurting
humans or animals.
Indian Dynasties

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Indian Dynasties

Gupta Empire (6ndiaǯs Golden Age)

O During this empire (320-647 A.D.), India
glowed with magnificent cultural
achievements.
O Founded by Chandragupta I, raja of Magadha,
around 320 A.D.
O United north India and received tribute from
states in Nepal and the Indus Valley, thus
giving large parts of India a period of peace
and political unity.
Indian Dynasties

O Invasion of the Huns- greatest challenge.

O The migration of nomads from Central Asia
shook much of Eurasia.
O Administrative system is not as centralized as
the Mauryan.
O The Œupta kings were patron of the arts.
Sanskrit masterpieces were preserved , and
traditional epic poems and verses on
mythological themes were reworked and
polished.
Indian Dynasties

O The Arabic numerals are of Indian origin.

O Œupta rulers were Hindus but tolerated all
faiths.
Imperial Dynasties of China

*in (wuin) Vynasty (221-206 B.w.)

Ë Marks the beginning of the Chinese empire.
Ë The state of Qin, succeeded in unifying China
for the first time in many centuries.
Ë The king of Qin decided that the title Dzkingdz
was not grand enough and invented the title
Dzemperordz.
Imperial Dynasties of China

Ë Shi Huang Ti became the First Emperor.

Ë The Œreat uall of China was built to keep the
Tartars out of North China.
Imperial Dynasties of China

an Vynasty (206 B.w.-220 A.V.)

Ë An early peak of political and cultural
development.
Ë Trade along the DzSilk Roaddz (Central Asia)
flourished.
Ë uhen Rome fell in the uest, China became the
great civilizer of Eurasia.
Ë üuddhism was introduced.
Ë Paper was invented , and the first official records
were written.
Imperial Dynasties of China

ang Vynasty (618-907 A.V.)

Ë Founded in Xian by Li Yuan after disorders
when the Tartars invaded north China.
Ë China became the mightiest empire in the
world while Europe was in the dark ages.
Ë The Œolden Age of Chinese poetry. Tu Fu (Œod
of Poetry), Chinaǯs greatest poet, became an
idol of the people.
Imperial Dynasties of China

Sung Vynasty (960-1280 A.V.)

Ë Founded by Œeneral Chao KuangYin.
Ë Under this empire, China became the greatest
nation in the world.
Ë Her exports of silk, tea and ceramics were prized
possessions in Europe, the Middle east and the
rest of Asia.
Ë Early records described Chinaǯs early trade with
the Philippines and other countries in S.E. Asia
(Records of Foreign Nations by Chao Ju-kua from
Fujian province)
Ancient Chinese Civilization

÷uan Vynasty (13tu century)

Ë Mongol rule began when Œenghis Khan and his
Mongol holders overran north China and Russia.
Ë Kublai Khan established the capital at Peking
(üeijing).
Ë He fostered education, culture and foreign
relations with western nations.
Ë The Venetian traveler, Marco Polo visited China
and his tales stirred western interest to explore
the east.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

„ing Vynasty (1368-1644 A.V.)

Ë The local Chinese, led by Chu-Yuan Chang,
revolted and ousted the Mongols. The ouster
resulted in the start of the Ming Dynasty.
Ë Ming emperors restored local cultures-Confucian
classics in schools and civil service.
Ë China became the mistress of Oriental Seas, and
their fleets patrolled the seas of South East Asia
and the Indian Ocean.
Ë Philippine Sulu Sultans paid tribute to the Ming
Emperor, and so did other Asian nations.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

„ancuu Vynasty (1644-1911)

Ë Founded by Taitsung who led the Manchus from the
northeast frontier to conquer China.
Ë The Manchus were nearly ousted in several revolts
by the native Chinese.
Ë üut the Manchus were conquered by the splendor of
Chinese culture and blended into the background.
Ë The 4th Manchu Emperor, Chien Lung (1736-96)
ushered a new era of prosperity.
Ë China occupied Tibet, Turkestan, üurma, Nepal and
Vietnam.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

Chinese Contribution to Civilization

1. China invented the first paper, brush and ink for
writing, the first printing press, the first
gunpowder for festival and warfare, and the first
compass and water mill.
2. Introduction of the sericulture (silk industry), the
use of silk clothes which changed dress fashion
worldwide.
3. Œave mankind the Confucian philosophy which
still exerts a great influence over the minds of
modern people.
Ancient Chinese Civilization

3. Invented the first paper money (flying money).

The first newspaper in the world, the Peking
Œazette, appeared during the Tang Dynasty.
4. She gave the world the fan, umbrella, paper
lantern, chopsticks, kites, calligraphy, and
pagoda architecture.
5. Introduced rocket warfare.
6. The Œreat uall of China.
*uiz No. 2
Asian Civilizations
Identification. (5 points)
1. Known as the cradle of civilization.
2. The oldest continuing civilization in the world.
3. The early dark skinned people of Indus Valley Civilization.
4. The first Hindu (Indian) empire.
5. Considered as the worldǯs oldest organized religion.
Enumeration
6-10. The 5 classes of people under Hinduism.
11- 13 Œive three (3) imperial dynasties of China.
14-15 Œive two (2) important contributions of Mesopotamian
Civilizations.
16-17. Œive two (2) important contributions of Ancient Chinese
Civilizations.
18-20. Name the three (3) greatest philosopher of China.