t rsdK; om; 'D rdk u a& pD t zGJ@ csKyf .

wdkif;&if;om;vl
om;vlrsdK;rsm; ta&;ESihfpyfvsOf;Ixm;&Sdaom
o abm xm;?
xm;?

ed'gef;?

1// jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfonf tm¶Stv,fydkif;ukef;ajrrSqif;oufaygufzGm;vm=uonfh

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;/ rdom;pk0ifrsm;jzifhaygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;xm;aom EdkifiHwEkdifiHjzpfygonf// ucsif/ u,m;/
u&if/ csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &cdkif/ &Srf;tp&Sdonfh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;/ vlrdsK;pkrsm;. trdajronf jrefrmEkdifiH
omv#ifjzpfayonf//

2// odk@jzpf&mvlrdsK;wrsdK;ESifhwrsdK;/ vlrsdK;pkwpkESifhwpkwkd@onf/ tjyeftvSef,kH=unfr_&Sd=u&ef

wef;wl&nfwlqufqH=u&efta&;=uD;ayonf// vlrsdK;=uD;/ vlrsdK;i,f[laomjy\emrsm;/ awmifay:ESihfajr
jyef@[laomtpGJtvef;rsm;udk tjyD;tykdkifazsmufzsufjyD;/ jynfaxmifpkwcktwGif;xJrS aygufzGm;vmaom
nDtpfudkwdkif;&if;om;rsm;tjzpfpGJjrJpGmcH,ltyfayonf//

3// TwGiftrsdK;om;acgif;aqmif=uD;AdkfvfcsKyfatmifqef;. “vlrsdK;qkdonfrSm/ okc/ 'kuQ/ twl

cHpm;=uI eD;eD;pyfpyftusdK;jcif;xyfjyD;v#if/ ESpfy&dap>'&Snfvsm;pGm wrsdK;wpm;wnf;yif[k pdwfxm;&Sdol
wdk@udk/ wpkwnf;aygif;Iac:a0:jcif;omjzpfayonf// trsdK;EG,f/ udk;uG,fonfhbmomw&m;/ ajymqkdonfh
bmompum;wkd@udkta&;xm;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;/ pifppfrSmat;twlyltr#/ aumif;wlqkd;zuf/ yl;aygif;
vsufaevkdaomtpOftvmqENtay:wGif/ 0HomEk&uQdww&m;onfwnfaeay.” [laomrdef@=um;csuf
udk wkdif;oljynfom;tm;vkH; vrf;nGeftjzpfcH,l=u&efvGefpGmrSta&;=uD;ayonf//

4// odk@rSomv#if/ “jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHawmfopf”wenf;tm;jzifh “ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pD

EkdifiHawmfopf”udkatmifjrifpGmwnfaqmufEkdifjyD; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;/ aysmf&$ifcsrf;ajr@pGmaexkdif
oGm;Ekdif=uayrnf// odk@rSomv#if jynfaxmifpk=uD;wnfwHhcdkifrmjyD; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;t=um;wGif
xm0&jidrf;csrf;om,mr_ xGef;um;Ekdifrnfjzpfygonf//

5// odk@tajrmftjrif=uD;rm;aom trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif=uD;AdkfvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG/ wkdif;&if;

om;vlrsdK;acgif;aqmif=uD;rsm;onf/ udkvkdeDe,fcsJ@.xrf;ydk;atmufrSvGwfajrmufI/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m
ydkifaom “jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmf”udk uspfvpfckdifrmpGmwnfaqmufEdkfif&ef yifvkHnDvmcHusif;yI ta=u
tvnfnd‡E_dif;aqG;aEG;=uvsuf ² ² ²
“ » » » awmifwef;a'orsm;.e,fwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif ,ckvuf&SdcHpm;vsuf&Sdaomudk,fykdif
tkyfcsKyfa&;qkH;yg;&ef rnfha'owGifrqkdvkH;0ðyrlvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ awmifwef;a'orsm;twGuf e,fwGif;tkyf
csKyfa&;wGifudk,fykdifjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0&Sda=umif; rltm;jzifhvufcHonf//”
“ awmifwef;a'o&Sdjynfolwdk@onf 'Drdkua&pDwkdif;jynfrsm;wGif tajccHtcGifhta&;ESifh&ydkifcGifh
rsm;[kowfrSwfxm;onfhtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh&ydkifcGifhrsm;udk &&SdcHpm;ap&rnf”
[laomtcsufrsm;udktav;xm;um/ 1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGif/ &Srf;jynfyifvkHðrd@Y
oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdjyD;/ vGwfvyfa&;udk twlwuGjyefvnft&,lcJh=uayonf//

6// Todk@tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpkzGm;wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vkkH; wef;wl&nfwl&Sdr_udkvnf;

aumif;/ e,fwGif;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh&Sda&;udkvnf;aumif; rdom;pkpdwf"gwf/ odk@r[kwf/ yifvkHpdwf"gwf
jzifh todtrSwfðyoabmwlcJh=uayonf//

-1-
 7// Tonfwkd@udk trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfutav;teufcH,lI ppfrSefaomygwDpkH'Drkd
ua&pDEkdifiHawmfopfukd jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH;ESifhtwlwufnDvufnDwnfaqmufoGm;=u&ef tcdkif
trmoEMdXmefcsrSwfcJhayonf// qufvufIvnf; atmifjrifonftxdtaumiftxnfaz:oGm;rnfjzpf
ayonf//

trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzif
aejzifhwkdif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;ESifhywf
ywfoufItpOfwpkdufcsrSwfcJhaom
oabmxm;rsm;//
tzGJ@csKyfzGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHpnf;rsOf; (,m,D) ESifhrl0g'oabmxm;rsm; (rl=urf;)

8// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.1988ckESpfatmufwkdbmvtwGif;uxkwfjyefcJhaomtrsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHpnf;rsOf;(,m,D)ESifh rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;(rl=urf;)yg/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;
rsm;tay:xm;&Sdonfh rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;wGif -
(u)“ » » »wkdfif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;.jy\emudk OD;pm;ay;tav;xm;umajz&Sif;=urnf//
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vkH;. wef;wl&nfwltcGifhta&;rsm;udktodtrSwfðyjcif;/ pdwfxm;
apwemjzLpifjcif;/ cspf=unf&if;ESD;jcif;/ wOD;.t,ltqwOD;av;pm;jcif;/ tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;
av;pm;,kH=unfjcif;/ wkdfif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;.pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifh "avhxkH;wrf;pOfvmzGH@+zdK;
wnfxGef;apvkdaomqENtm;vkdufavsmjcif;wkd@udk tajcjyKvsuf/ taumif;qkH;tajzudk&&Sdonf
txd}udK;yrf;rnf/ Ttcsufrsm;udktxl;tav;teufxm;I yl;aygif;ajz&Sif;=uv#if/ jynf
axmifpk}uD;+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh jynfaxmifpkom;tcsif;csif; o[mZmwjzpfa&;wkd@onf/ rkcs
atmifyef;qifEkdif rnfh&nfrSef;csufrsm;jzpfonf[k ,kH=unfonf// T&nfrSef;csufrsm; xajrmuf
atmif }udK;yrf; vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf//”
(c) zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufaomjynfaxmifpk}uD;tjzpf/ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;ckdifrmawmifhwif;pGm&yfwnf
Ekdifa&;udkvkdvm;onfhtavsmuf jynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;zGH@+zdK;r_vkyfief;rsm;udk vGwfvyf
pGmaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGufOD;wnfrnf// wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. arG;&mygtcGifhta&;rsm;cHpm;
jynfh0a&;ESifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;wckvkH;om,m0ajyma&;wdk@ o[Zmwjzpfaprnfhrludk vufcHusifh
okH;I jynfe,frsm;.udk,fydkifjyÏmef;cGifhudkaz:xkwfrnf”[k twdtvif; rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;
csrSwfcJhayonf//

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. a=unmcsuftrSwf (9)?

9// wzeftrdsK;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf/

1989 ckESpftwGif;/ EkdifiHtESH@tjym;uGif;qif;pnf;¶kH;cJhpOf &Srf;jynfyifvkH+rdK@Y (11-2-89) &ufae@wGif tzGJ@
csKyf.oabmxm;ESifha,sbk,sa¶S@vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a=unmcsuftrSwf(9)twdkif; &Sif;vif;ajym=um;cJh
ygonf?
&Sif;vif;ajym=um;csufrsm;rSm ² ² ²
(u) “jynfaxmifpkwckvkH;. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ u¾e,fy,ftm;vkH;Y tjynfh0qkH;
aom'Drdkua&pDtajctaersm;azmfxkwfa&;ESifh tppfrSefqkH;aom'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHawmfopfwnf
aqmufa&;udk OD;wnfa&S@&_rnf”
(c)“wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH; vufwGJrjzKwfpwrf;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_jzifh jynfaxmifpk}uD;
wnfwHhckdif+rJa&;/ jynfaxmifpk=uD;zGH@ðzd;wkd;wufa&;ESifh jynfaxmifpk=uD;jidrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk
OD;wnfa¶S@&_rnf//
(*)“jynfaxmifpkbGm;wdkif;&if;om;vlrdsK;tm;vkH;. tcGifhta&;wef;wl&nfwlr_udkvufcHvsuf/
rnfonfhvlrsdK;udkr#txl;tcGifhta&;ray;a&;ESifh vlrsdK;EG,f/ vlrsdK;pktm;vkH;.cHpm;xkdufcHpm;tyf
aomrnfonfhtcGifhta&;udkr#csKyfjc,fuef@owfr_rðya&;udk OD;wnfa¶S@¶_rnf//”

-2-
 (C)“wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vkH; EdkifiHa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&; u¾e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y
udk,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh&Sda&;udk OD;wnfa¶S@¶_rnf//”
(i)“e,fy,fa'otoD;oD;Y wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tcsif;csif;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_/ ulnD¶dkif;yif;r_/
0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;r_jzifh jynfaxmifpk=uD;wckvkH;ESifh jynfaxmifpk=uD;.jynfe,fa'otpdwftykdif;
toD;oD;.pD;yGm;zGH@ðzd;wkd;wufa&;udk OD;wnfa¶S@¶_rnf//”
[lonfrsm;jzpfayonf//

10// a,bk,sa&S@vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I ² ² ²
(u) “'Drdkua&pDpepfatmifjrifpGmwnfaqmufEkdifcsddefwGif jynfaxmifpk=uD;wnfwHhckdif+rJa&;/
zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;/ +idrf;csrf;om,ma&;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;/ wef;wl
aom'Drdkua&pDvl@abmifopf. tajccHtkwfjrpf=uD;rsm;udk tckdiftrmcsEkdifap&eftusdK;iSm yifvkH
nDvmcH}uD;uJhodk@aomjynfaxmifpk=uD;.tem*wfc&D;vrf;nGefrsm;udkcsrSwfEkdifrnfh wkdif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;aygif;pkHtrsdK;om;nd‡E_dif;r_nDvmcHw&yfudk ac:,lusif;yrnf//”
(c) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkHtrsdK;om;nd‡E_dif;r_nDvmcH}uD;wGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;.
udk,fydkifjyÏmef;cGifh/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;.tcGifhta&;wef;wl&nfwlcGifh/ vlrsdK;EG,f}uD;wck
.e,fy,fa'otwGif;rSDwif;aexkdifvsuf/ udk,fydkifpum;/ udk,fydkif,Ofaus;r_/ udk,fykdife,fajr
a'o&SdaomvlrsdK;i,fwkd@. oD;jcm;e,fajrqkdif&mudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh/ ponfhta&;udpPrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;I trsm;oabmnDr#aomjyXmef;csufrsm;udkcsrSwfrnf//”
(*) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkHtrdsK;om;nd‡E_dif;r_nDvmcH=uD;wGif jynfaxmifpkbGm;wkdif;&if;om;
tm;vkH;.aoG;pnf;ckdifrmr_udk ,ddrf;,dkifðyduGJaeapjyD;/ EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; bufaygif;
pkHwGif 'kuQyifv,fa0vsuf&Sdonfh jynfaxmifpkwGif;ppfrufzufðydifr_rsm; tjyD;tydkifajyaysmuf
csKyfjidrf;apa&;twGufEkdifiHa&;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ajz&Sif;Ekdif&efnd‡E_dif;rnf//”
(C) wkdfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkHnd‡E_dif;r_nDvmcH=uD;wGif/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;ESifh jynfe,f
tm;vkH;.pD;yGm;zGH@ðzd;wkd;wufa&;/ udk,fydkifpmay/ xkH;wrf;,Ofaus;r_ESifh bmompum;rsm;
pnfyifxGef;um;a&;ESihftjyeftvSefzvS,fqnf;yl;a&;wkd@twGuf ckdifrmwddusaom0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;r_/
tmrcHr_/ av;pm;apmifhxdef;r_/ &if;ESD;ðryfESHr_/ vkyfief;pOfcsrSwfr_rsm;udkaz:xkwfrnf//”
[lIvnf;aumif;&Sif;vif;ajym=um;cJhayonf// txufwGifazmfjycJhonfh “ » » » yifvkHnDvmcH=uD;uJhodk@
aom jynfaxmifpk=uD;.tem*wfc&D;vrf;!¸efrsm;udk csrSwfEkdifrnfh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pkHnd‡E_dif;r_
nDvmcHw&yfudkac:,lusif;yrnf” [lonfESihfywfoufI tqkdygnDvmcHonf/ jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf
vkH;0vGrf;rdk;aomnDvmcHjzpf&rnf[k qkdvkdjcif;jzpfygonf//

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;//

11// xkd@aemuf trsdK;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf 1990 jynfhESpf arvwGifusif;yðyvkyfcJhaom

ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk 0ifa&muf,SOfðydifta&G;cHcJhonf// xkdpOfu wkdif;jynfodk@xkwfjyef
today;cJhaom tzGJ@csKyf. “ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;”wGif ² ² ²
wkdfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;toD;oD;onf/ rdrdwkd@&ydkifcGifhrsm;ESifhwm0ef,lr_wkd@wGif wef;wl&nfwl&Sdap&
rnf// xkd@tjyif ² ² ²
(u) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vkH;vufwGJrðzwfpwrf; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_jzifh/ jynfaxmifpk=uD;
wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;/ jynfaxmifpkzGH@ðzd;wkd;wufa&;ESifhjynfaxmifpk=uD;jidrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk OD;wnf
a&S@¶_rnf//
(c) jynfaxmifpkbGm;wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;. tcGihfta&;wef;wl&nfwlr_udkvufcHvsuf/
rnfonfhvlrdsK;udkr#txl;tcGifhta&;ray;a&;ESifh vlrsdK;EG,f/ vlrdsK;pktm;vkH;. cHpm;xkduf/ cHpm;
tyfaomrnfonfhtcGifhta&;udkr#csKyfjc,fuef@owfr_rðya&;udk OD;wnfa&S@¶_rnf//

-3-
 (*) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;onf/ EkdifiHa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ pD;yGg;a&;u¾paom e,ftoD;oD;Y
udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&Sda&;udk zGJ@pnf;tkyfcskyfykHtajccHOya'ESihftnD OD;wnfa&S@¶_rnf//
(C) zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'opfray:aygufrD =um;umvtpDtpOfjzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf
uOya'jyXmef;I &SdjyD;jynfe,frsm;twGuf tm%mydkfiftzGJ@rsm;zGJ@pnf;ay;rnf//
(i) e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tcsif;csif;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_/ ulnD¶dkif;yif;r_/ 0dkif;0ef;
yHhykd;r_jzifh jynfaxmifpk=uD;wckvkH;ESihf jynfaxmifpk=uD;.jynfe,fa'otpdwftydkif;toD;oD;.
zGH@ðzd;wkd;wufa&;udkOD;wnfa&S;¶_rnf//
(p) 'Drdkua&pDpepfatmifjrifpGmwnfaqmufEkdifcsdefwGif/ jynfaxmifpk=uD;wnfwHhckdifjrJa&;/ zGH@ðzd;
wkd;wufa&;/ jidrf;csrf;om,ma&;/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vkH;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;wnf;[laom
'Drdkua&pDvl@abmif. tajccHtkwfjrpf=uD;rsm;udktckdiftrmcsEkdifap&eftvkd@iSg/ yifvkHnDfvmcH
uJhokd@aomjynfaxmifpk=uD;. tem*wfc&D;vrf;nGefrsm;udkcsrSwfEkdifrnfh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;
aygif;pkHtrsdK;om;nd‡E_dif;r_nDvmcHw&yfudk ac:,lusif;yrnf//
(q) wkdfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;wkdif;onf rdrdwkd@pmay/ bmompum;/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhxkH;wrf;pOfvm
rsm;udkxdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufcGifh/ zGH@ðzd;wkd;wufapcGifh&Sdap&rnf//
(Z) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. tcsKyftjcmtm%mwnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;/
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vkH;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/
vlr_a&;/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&;/ a'ozGH@ðzd;a&;udpPtp&Sdonfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkwckvkH;twkdif;
twmjzifh yg0ifaqmif&Gufap&rnf
[kuwdu0wfjyKcJhayonf//

jynfaxmifpkwkdfif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifhnd‡Ed_if;jcif;//

12// Todk@tm;jzifh trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf/ rJqEN&Sifjynfolwkd@.wcJeufaxmufcHr_

jzifh/ taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGifatmifyef;qGwfcl;tEkdif&&SdcJhonf// xkdodk@atmifEkdifjyD;aemuf/ wkdfif;&if;
om;jynfolw&yfvkH;vkdvm;ar#mfrSef;ae=uonfh “ppfrSefaomygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHawmfopf”wnfaqmuf
Ekdifa&;twGuf wkdfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.oabmxm;qENrsm;udk&,l&ef OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufcJhonf//
wkdfif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;. EkdifiHa&;ygwD(21)ygwDaygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;xm;tyfaom “jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;
vlrdsK;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf”ESifhnd‡E_dif;jyD;/ 29-8-90 &ufae@wGif oabmxm;a=unmcsufudk xkwfjyef
cJhygonf// tqkdyga=unmcsufrStcsuftvufrsm;rSm -
(u) “jynfol@v$wfawmfay:aygufvmjyD;v#if jynfol@v$wfawmfuwifajr‡mufaom 'Drdk
ua&pD tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;jyD;/ tjrefqkH;aomumvtwGif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmf.OD;aqmifr_jzifh
wkfdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESihf yg0ifoifhyg0ifxkdufaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlyk*~dKvfrsm; yg0ifonfh
trsdK;om;nd‡E_dif;r_nDvmcH=uD;w&yfusif;yI/ jynfaxmifpkxlaxmifa&;twGuf vrf;nGefr_
rsm;csrSwfrnf// ,if;vrf;nGefr_rsm;ESifhtnDjynfol@v$wfawmfu a&&SnfwnfwHhckdifjrJrnfh
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'opfw&yfudk a&;qGJjyXmef;twnfðy&rnf » » »”
(c) “wkdkif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;onf vlrsdK;a&;wef;wlnDr#r_/ EkdifiHa&;wef;wlnDr#ESifh udk,fydkif
jyÏmef;cGifhtjynfht0&&Sdap&rnfhtjyif/ 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;rsm;udktmrcHcsuf&Sdaom
jynfaxmifpkudk wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;aoG;pD;nD!GwfpGmxlaxmif&efvdktyfa=umif; [lonf
rsm;jzpfygonf?”

13 “udk,fydkifjyÏmef;cGifhtjynfht0&&Sdap&rnf” [laomoabmonf/ 1947 ckESpf/ yifvHkpmcsKyf

tydk'f-5yg/ “awmifwef;a'orsm;.e,fwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif,ck&&SdcHpm;v#uf&Sdaom udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;
qHk;yg;&ef rnfonfha'owGifrqdkvHk;0jyKvkyfvdrfhrnfr[kwf? awmifwef;a'orsm;twGuf e,fwGif;
tkyfcsKyfa&;wGifudk,fydkifjyÏmef;cGifhtjynfht0&Sda=umif; rltm;jzifhvufcHonf?” qdkonfhoabmw&m;udk

-4-
tajccHIoufqdkif&m jynfe,f§wdkif;ESiu fh dk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&tm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;odk@ vHkavmufaom
tkyfcsKyfr_tm%mrsm;udknd‡E_dif;aqG;aEG;I cGJa0ay;tyf&rnfjzpfayonf?

tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGifwd
wkid f;&if;om;vl
om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESifhpyfv#Of;I
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu xm;&Sdaomoabmxm;rsm;?

14? ppfrSefaomygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk yDjyifpGma&;qGJ=urnfqdkygu/

'Drdkua&pDtajccHrlrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ vl@tcGifhta&;ESifhtajccH&ydkifcGifhrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ rvGJraoG
tajccH&ayrnf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf/ taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGifyg0if,SOfòydifcJhpOfu
jynfolwdk@tm;ay;xm;cJh+yD;aom uwdu0wfrsm;udkowd&Sd&Sd/ vufudkifðyI ,if;tajccHrlrsm;tay: pGJ+rJpGm
&yfwnfonf? jynfolwdk@tm;ay;xm;cJh+yD;aomuwdu0wfrsm;udk ‚if;wdk@xHjyefvnfIwifjyjcif;rðybJ/
rnfonfhtcgr# rnfonfhta=umif;a=umifhr# aoGzDcsKd;azgufjcif;ðyvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg?

15? tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&eftwGuftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfuxm;&Sdaom tajccHoabmxm;

rsm;rSm ² ² ²
(u) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf rdrdwdk@bdk;pOfabmifquf&yfwnfcJhaomvlrsdK;tpOftquf
udk raysmufrysufxdef;odrf;vkd=uonf?
( c) rdrdwdk@. "avhxHk;wrf;,Ofaus;r_/ tEkynm/ pmay/ bmompum;/ bmomw&m;/
p&dkufvuQ%mrsm;udk tvGefwefzdk;xm;xdef;odrf;jr‡ifhwifvdk=uonf?
( *) e,fajra'oudk jrwfEdk;wefzdk;xm;=uonf?
(C) tpOftquf&yfwnfaexdkifcJhaom tpOftvmESifhvGwfvyfcGifhwdk@udkvnf;/ quf
vufcH,lvdk=uonf?
(i) wef;wl&nfwlESifh r&Sdtwl/ &Sdtwl/ at;twlrltr#/ rcGJpwrf;aexkdifoGm;a&;ESifh
wrdom;pk0ifrsm;tjzpf/ r#wonfhvl@abmifb0udk wnfaqmufvkd=uonf//
( p) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhudkvdkvm;=uonf?
ponfwdk@jzpfygonf?

16? Ttcsufrsm;udktodtrSwfðyI w&m;r#wpGmpDrHjznfhqnf;ay;&efvdktyfonf[ktrsdK;om;

'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfucH,lxm;ygonf/ EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGg;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ vlr_a&; ponfhta&;rsm;udk
tajctaetcsdeftcgESifhvdkufav#mnD!$wfap&efvnf;aumif;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ wkdif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;
nDnGwfa&;/ jynfaxmifpk}uD;ròyduGJa&;/ wrdom;pktjzpfvufawG@cH,lusifhoHk;az:aqmifEdkifa&;rsm; &&Sd
ap&efvnf;aumif;/ oabmxm;}uD;pGmxm;+yD; ta=utvnf!d‡E_dif;aqG;aEG;=u&efvkdtyfygonf?

17? jynfe,fESifhwdkif;twGif;&SdvlrsdK;pkrsm;taejzifh udk,fydkife,fajr/ udk,fydkifpum;ESifh oifhwifh

aomvlOD;a&&Sd+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@.oabmqENtavsmuf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'orsm;tjzpfaevdkaomqEN
&Sdygu/ owfrSwfay;&efjzpfayonf? TonfESifhywfoufI jynfaxmifpkjynfe,f/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
cGifh&jynfe,f/ vlrdsK;pkjynfe,f[k wdkif;jynftajctaersm;t&vnf;aumif;/ EkdifiHa&;tajctaersm;t&
vnf;aumif;owfrSwfay;&ef vdkaumif;vdkvmvdrfhrnf? xdkodk@tajctaeay:aygufvmv#if trsdK;om;
tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; 1947 ckESpf tajccHOya'=urf;a&;qGJ&eftwGuf/ zqyv
y%mrnDvmcHodk@wifoGif;onfh t*Fg&yfrsm;[lonfhtcsufrsm;t&aqmif&Gufay;&ef oifhavsmfonf[k
oabm&onf? t*Fgrsm;rSm -
(u) yx0Dtaetxm;t&/ e,fedrdwftxift&Sm;&dSjcif;?
( c) jrefrmpum;ESifhrwlaombmompum;wrsdK;wnf;&Sdjcif;?
( *) ,Ofaus;r_wrsdK;wnf;&Sdjcif;?

-5-
 (C) &mZ0iftpOftvmwrsdK;wnf;&Sdaomvlpk&Sdjcif;?
( i) pD;yGg;a&;qdkif&mtusdK;aus;Zl;ESifhpD;yGg;a&;vHkavmufr_wdk@&Sdaomvlpk&Sdjcif;?
( p) vlOD;a&twmftwef&Sdjcif;?
(q) oD;jcm;jynfaxmifpka'owcktjzpfjzifhrdrdukd,fydkifxif;&Sm;csuftwdkif; aevdkaomqEN
&Sdjcif;?
wdk@jzpf=uonf?

18? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;EG,fpktm;vHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkbGm;rdom;pkrsm;jzpf=u+yD;/ wajrwnf;

aewa&wnf;aomufI wef;wl&nfwlat;twlyltr#/ OruGJodkufrysuf/ oHo,uif;&Sif;pGm xm0pOf
aoG;onf;nDnGwfpGmrcGJpwrf;aexdkifoGm;=u&rnf? jynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sdjynfe,ftm;vHk;onf/ tajccH
Oya'ESifhtnD -
(u) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sdap&rnf?
( c) jynfe,frsm;ujyXmef;aomOya'rSefor#onf/ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnDjzpf&
rnf? tu,fIjynfe,frsm;ujyXmef;vdkufaom Oya'w&yf&yfonf/ jynfaxmifpktusdK;
xdcdkufrnfqdkygu vGwfawmfujyefvnfpDppfydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf?
[koabmxm;onf?

19? EdkifiHawmfonf/ wef;wl&nfwljzpf=uaom ucsif/ u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ Arm/ rGef/ &cdkif/ &Srf;
tp&Sdaom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;EG,fpkrsm;ESihfaygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;xm;aomEdkifiHjzpfonf? vlrsdK;wrsdK;u vlrsdK;
wrsdK;udkvnf;aumif;/ vlrsdK;EG,fpktcsif;csif;onfvnf;aumif;/ vGrf;rdk;jcif;/ t=uyfudkifjcif;/ csdK;ESdrfjcif;/
w&m;rJhðyjcif;/ acgif;yHkjzwfjcif;tvsOf;r&Sdap&? EdkifiHawmf.toD;tyGifhrsm;udk rdrdwdk@um,/ Om%/ ZGJ/
0d&d,pGrf;tm;tvdkuftusdK;cHpm;cGifh&Sdap&rnf[k oabmxm;onf?

20? wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tvdkuf tajccHOya'ESifhtnD rdrdwdk@udk;uG,fonfhbmom jrwfEdk;wefzdk;

xm;onfhpum;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_/ "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;udk tajccHOya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,fcGifh/
ðypkysdK;axmifcGifh/ xdef;odrf;cGifh/ ajymqdka&;om;usifhoHk;cGifh&Sdonf? odk@aomf olwyg;tm;xdcdkufepfem
r_r&Sdap&[koabmxm;ayonf?

21? ppfrSefaomygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfudkyDjyifpGmwnfaqmufrnfqdkygu EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;

tkyfcsKyfyHkpepfonf 'Drdkua&pDudktajccHaomtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfjzpf&ayrnf? xdk@a=umifh jynfol@vGwfawmf
rStp tqifhqifhaomtm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;udk 'Ddrdkua&pDusifhpOfESifhtnD jynfolvlxkua&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufay;vdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;aomtm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;omjzpf&rnf[k oabmxm;
ygonf?

22? v$wfawmfrsm;zGJ@pnf;a&;udpPESifhpyfvsOf;I trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaxGaxGtwGif;

a&;rSL;a':atmifqef;pkk=unfonf/ 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufuwnf;uyif/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;
rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh!d‡E_dif;cJhonf? xdkpOfuyif zuf'&,f(jynfaxmifpk)[laomudpPudk pOf;pm;aqG;
aEG;&mY jynfaxmifpkzGJ@jcif;onfcGJxGuf&efr[kwfbJ/ A[kdESifhjynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;odk@ tm%mrsm;cGJa0ay;
a&;ESifh tpOfajypGmyl;aygif;aexdkifoGm;a&;onfom t"dujzpfa=umif; oabmxm;cJh=uonf? txl;
ojzifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESifh jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;t=um; tm%mrsm;rnfuJhodk@cGJa0+yD;/ wm0ef0wW&m;
rsm;udk rnfuJhodk@ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf&rnfudk aqG;aEG;nd‡E_dif;=u+yD;/ aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ r[mvlrsdK;
}uD;0g'ESifh usOf;ajrmif;aomtrdsK;om;0g'rsm;udkqef@usif+yD;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vHk; cspf=unfaoG;
pnf;a&;udk tpGrf;ukefyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf=u&efESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.,Ofaus;r_rsm;/ "avhxHk;wrf;

-6-
rsm;/ bmom&;udk;uG,fr_ponfrsm;udk xdef;odrf;oGm;Edkif=ua&;twGuf nd‡E_dif;aqmif&GufoGm;=u&rnf
jzpfa=umif; oabmxm;cJh=uayonf?

23? xdk@a=umifh jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmftjzpf zGJ@pnf;=uonfhtcg jynfaxmifpkv$wf

awmfudk ² ² ²
(u) rJqENe,fajrtvdkuf vlOD;a&udktajccHa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaom v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;
vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;rnfh v$wfawmfw&yfESifh
(c) jynfe,fESifhwdkif;rsm;rS vlOD;a&wlnDpGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,frsm;ESifh zGJ@pnf;onfh v$wfawmfw&yf
aygif; (2)&yfwdk@jzifhzGJ@pnf;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ jynfe,fESifhwdkif;rsm;wGifvnf;/ wckwnf;aomv$wfawmf
rsm;udkzGJ@pnf;=u&efjzpfa=umif;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynfolvlxkrSqif;oufonf[laom/ 'Drdkua&
pDrl0g't&/ tqdkygv$wfawmfrsm;odk@ jynfolrsm;u rdrdwdk@ydkifonfhtcsKyftjcmtm%mudktoHk;jyKI
'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfESifhtnDrdrdwdk@udk,fpm; jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk rdrdwdk@udk,fwdkifa&G;aumufwm0ef
tyfESif;&efjzpfonf[k oabmxm;onf?

24? v$wfawmf(2)&yf.wm0efydkif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I Oya'=urf;rsm;ðypkwifoGif;EdkifcGifh/ wifjyvm

aomOya'=urf;rsm;udk pDppfa0zeft}uHðyydkifcGifh/ vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;wlnDpGm&Sdoifh=uonf? odk@aomf aiGa=u;
qdkif&mOya'=urf;rsm;udkrl jynfolv$wfawmfuom pwifðypkoifha=umif;oabmxm;onf?

25? tm%mrsm;cGJa0a&;udpPESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfaxmifpkqdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifh jynfe,f§wdkif; qdkif

&mudpP&yfrsm;udkyDjyifpGmaqmif&Gufedkif&ef ta=utvnfaqG;aEG;nd‡Ed_if;+yD;/ tm%mrsm;udkcGJa0owfrSwf
ay;&efvdktyfonf[koabmxm;onf? xdk@a=umifh jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKZ,m;/ jynfe,f§wdkif;ESifh udk,f
ydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'otm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;Oya'ðyZ,m;ESifh wlnDOya'jyKZ,m;rsm;udk wduspGmcGJa0owf
rSwfoGm;=u&rnf[ktav;teufcH,layonf?

26? w&m;pD&if&mY xl;jcm;aomtajctaet&/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;tvdkuf usifhoHk;=u

onfh ,Ofaus;r_qdkif&m"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnD/ ay;xm;oifhonf[k
oabmxm;onf? odk@aomf acwfpepfrsm;ESifhvdkufavsmnDaxGr_r&Sdv#ifjzpfap/ Oya'jyXmef;csuft&/
vlrsdK;pkwrsdK;u/ tjcm;vlrsdK;pkwrsdK;udk xdcdkufepfemr_&Sdv#ifjzpfap/ jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfupDppfðyjyif
ydkifcGifh&Sdoifhayonf?

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. oabmxm;tESpfcsKyf?

27? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I xm;&Sdonfh

oabmxm;tESpfcsKyfrsm;rSm ² ² ²
(u) trdjrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk“jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf”tjzpf zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmufoifhonf/
(c) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifhaygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;xm;tyfaom trdEdkifiHawmf. +idrf;csrf;a&;/ wnf
+idrfa&;/ bufaygif;pHkzG@Hòzd;wdk;wufa&;/ om,m0ajyma&;ESifh wnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;wdk@twGuf/
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vHk;. aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;onf tajccHtusqHk;aom vdktyf
csufjzpfonf?
(*) jynfaxmifpk. tusdK;/ wdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdk@.tusdK;udkaz:aqmif=u&mY wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;tcsif;csif; wef;wl&nfwlr_jzifh oHo,pdwfuif;pifpGm/ tjyeftvSef,Hk=unf=u&ef/
tjyeftvSef&dkif;yif;=u&ef/twlwuGwufnDvufnDvkyfudkifaz:aqmif=u&efESifhEdkifiHawmf

-7-
 .toD;tyGifhrsm;udk rdrdwdk@. um,/ Om%/ 0d&d,pGrf;tm;tvdkuf tusdK;cHpm;cGifh&Sd=u&ef
vdktyfonf?
(C) wEdkifiHvHk;ESifhqdkifaomudpP&yfrsm;udk pkaygif;taumiftxnfaz:=uI/ xl;jcm;aomtajc
taet&/ vlrsdK;pkrsm;qdkif&m rdrdwdk@jrwfEdk;wefzdk;xm;onfhbmompum;/ pmay/
,Ofaus;r_/ udk;uG,fonfhbmom/ apmifhxdef;tyfonfh"avhxHk;wrf;rsm;udk odD;jcm;
vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&GufEdkifcGifh&Sd=u&efvdktyfonf?
[lonfrsm;jzpfygonf?

28? txufygoabmxm;rsm;ESifhtnD ppfrSefaomygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmftjzpf ² ² ²

(u) trdjrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk “jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf”tjzpfwnfaqmuf&ef?
(c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfudkzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg A[dkwGifjynfol@vGwfawmfESifhtrsdK;om;vGwfawmf
wdk@yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpkvGwfawmfudkzGJ@pnf;&ef?
(*) wef;wl&nfwljzpf=uaom jynfe,fESifhwdkif;rsm;wGif oufqdkif&mjynfe,fodk@r[kwf/ wdkif;
vGwfawmfw&yfpDzGJ@pnf;&ef?
(C) ukd,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'orsm;wGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhtm%mrsm;&Sdonfh tm%mydkiftzGJ@
rsm; zGJ@pnf;xm;&Sd&ef?
(i) tqifhqifhaomtm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;udk jynfolu vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumuf
yGJrsm;wGif rdrdwdk@udk,fwdkifa&G;aumufwifajr‡muftm%mtyfESif;vdkufaom jynfol@udk,f
pm;vS,frsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;&ef?
(p) tqifhqifhaomv$wfawmfrsm;ESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'otm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;odk@ vdktyf
aomOya'ðytm%m / tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m ESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mrsm;udk !d‡E_dif;aqG;aEG;I
cGJa0ay;tyf&ef?
(q) tm%mrsm;cGJa0owfrSwf&mwGif jynfaxmifpkqdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifh jynfe,f§wdkif;qdkif&m
udpP&yfrsm;udk vHkavmufpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&ef ta=utvnf!d‡E_dif;+yD;owfrSwf&ef/ txl;
ojzifhjynfaxmifpkOya'ðyZ,m;/ jynfe,f§wdkif;ESifhudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o Oya'ðy
Z,m;rsm;ESifh wlnDOya'ðyZ,m;rsm;udk wduspGmcGJa0owfrSwf&ef?
( Z) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdk;rsm;tvdkufusifhoHk;=uonfh ,Ofaus;r_qdkif&m"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'rsm;udk
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnD oufqdkif&ma'otm%mydkiftzGJ@rsm;rS vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdap&ef?
(ps) udk;uG,fonfhbmomESifhywfoufIrdrdjrwfEdk;=unf!dkonfhrnfonfhbmomudkrqdkvGwfvyf
pGmudk;uG,fEdkifcGifh&Sdap&ef?
ponfwdk@jzpfygonf?

29? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. tajccHoabmxm;rSm +idrf;csrf;wnf+idrf+yD;/ vlwOD;csif;.

tcGifhta&;rsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;/ cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdaom pD;yGg;a&;b0cdkifcef@r_
ponfwdk@udkatmifjrifpGm wnfaqmufEkifa&;wdk@jzpfygonf?

30? trsdK;om;&if;=um;apha&;udkOD;wnfonfhtcg ppfa&;enf;vrf;tm;jzifhwnfaqmufI r&Edkfif

acs/ EkdifiHa&;enf;vrf;tm;jzifhomwnfaqmufoGm;=utyfonf[k ¶dk;om;pGm,kH=unfonf? urBmhEkdifiH
toD;oD;wGifvnf;/ rdrdwdk@EkdifiHtwGif;jy\emrsm;udk EkdifiHa&;enf;jzifhomatmifjrifpGmajz&Sif;=uonf
csnf;jzpfygonf?

31? xkdokd@trsdK;om;&if=um;apha&;udk OD;wnfonfhtcg/ oufqdkif&mrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdk@.qEN

pGJrsm;udk w&m;aoqkwfudkifIrxm;bJ/ rdrdtygt0iftrsm;tm;vkH;. tusdK;pD;yGm;udkapwemrSefuefpGm
jzifhjzpfay:cJhaom/ jzpfay:vsuf&Sdaom cdsK,Gif;csuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;udkoifcef;pm,lvsuf/ trSefw&m;

-8-
udk&SmazG=u&ayvdrfhrnf? vlwOD;csif;.tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh wkdfif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;qkdif&m&ydkifcGifhrsm;udk
w&m;r#wpGmtajz&SmjyD;/ trsm;pk=uD;.tudsK;udkOD;xdyfyefqif&rnf[kvnf; tckdiftrmoabmxm;ay
onf?

32? odk@ygI tajccHOya'udka&;qGJjyXmef;=uonfhtcgwGifvnf;/ tcsKyftjcmtm%monf jynf

olvlxkxHrSqif;oufonf[laom 'Drdkua&pD.t"durlt&/ jynfolwkd@onfrdrdwkd@. udk,fykdifqENt&/
vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,f=u+yD;/ trsm;pkvufcHEkdif=uaom 'Drdkua&pDtmrcHcsufrsm;yg&Sd&rnfjzpfayonf? odk@rS
omv#if wkdfif;jynf. +idrf;csrf;a&;/ wnf+idrf;a&;/ om,ma&;/ zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;rsm;rkcs jzpfxGef;cHpm;Ekdif
=urnf[ktav;teufoabmxm;ayonf?

ed*kH;?

txufyg trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifhywfoufIxm;&Sdaom

oabmxm;onf tzGJ@csKyfpwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcdsefrSpI pGJjrJpGmcH,lcJhonfh rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;tay:
tajccHI ckdifrmpGm&yfwnfcJhjcif;jzpfonf? qufvuffIvnf;&yfwnfazmfaqmifoGm;rnfomjzpfayonf?
jynfaxmifpkzGm;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfr_udk cdkif+rJpGmwnfaqmufjcif;rðyEdkifygu ppfrSefaom
'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfudkwnfaqmufEdkifrnfr[kwf[k oabmxm;onf?
txufygoabmxm;rsm;tay:tajccHI EdkifiHawmfESifhwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk
yDjyifpGmaz:aqmifEdkif&eftwGuf/ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif cdkifrmpGmxnfhoGif;jyÏmef;xm;&Sd&
ayrnf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'[lonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhjynfolwdk@t=um; csKyf
qdkonfh yËdnmOfpmwrf;jzpfaoma=umifhjzpfayonf? txl;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltrsm;pku
,Hk=unfvufcHEdkifaomzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'jzpfrSomv#if wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;tm;vHk; jyefvnf&if=um;
apha&;udk taumiftxnfaz:Edkif&ef wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS
acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzG@Jtpnf;rsm;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;/ rsufESmcsif;qdkifawG@qHkaqG;aEG; !d‡Ed_if;
=u&efjzpfonf? odk@rSomv#if wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;ar#mfrSef;xm;aom “ppfrSefonfhygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
EdkifiH” odk@r[kwf “jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmf” yDjyifpGmay:xGef;vmrnfjzpfa=umif; tav;teuf
cH,ltyfygonf?

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
&efukef+rdK@

1357 ckESpf/ wydk@wGJvjynfhausmf (9)&uf?

1996 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (12)&uf?

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ,m,Dpmul;puftrSwf - 393 - jzifhul;,lonf?

(tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;twGufom)

-9-