COPAR

Introduction
“...A community needs a soul if it is to become a true home for human
beings. You, the people must get it, this soul.” – Pope John Paul II
A message from the late Pope himself. A string of words that signifies an
imagery of how a simple union of an individual man and a woman forms into a
much more complex structure called community. Indeed, words like these clearly
defines what a community is – more than just a group of people, more than just a
pack of common ideas, more than just “men”. It is what we all want to call a
home. Men need a home – not just a mere structure of woods and bricks
compiled together. No, what we need is a place to come back to, a place to rest,
and a place to feel secured and protected. And most importantly, a place to feel
loved. A place where the soul is. And so, it is very clear what community is or
does. Much like a house we eagerly yearn to go home to. The feeling of yearning
to see our own neighborhood, our own group of friends, and our own society
definitely beats the other ungodly stuffs other places present. And nothing, clearly
nothing, defiles that longing.
Duvall defines family as a unity of interacting persons related by ties of
marriage, birth or adoption whose central purpose is to create and maintain a
common culture that promotes the physical, mental and social development of its
members. And from this household forms a mightier group – the community;
wherein individuals strive hard to help each other to live. But what if the
community itself is in pain of just existing? What if the community lost its luster,
its splendid aura of confidence, its determination to survive for many years to
come? What would it become of? That is why COPAR or Community Organizing
Participatory Research exists – to help the community regain confidence and
aptitude to stand up on its own feet again. To regain lost independence.
COPAR, in its right, is a social developmental approach that aims to
transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic,
participatory and politically responsive community. It is also a collective,
participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of
building people’s organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and
resources of the people for the resolution of their issues and concerns towards
effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994
National Rural Conference). Through this, voiceless individuals that makes – up
the community can again find themselves independent and being able to stand
on equal footing.
To gain better understanding of the program, we were assigned to
conduct the study at one of the purok of Jacinto, Davao. We gathered sufficient
data regarding each of the households that resides within Purok 8’s current
conditions, their immediate and foreseeable problems, their coping mechanisms
regarding those problems, and their relationship with the community of Jacinto
itself. Through step by step process, we were able to deduce a conclusion to how
these things affect the choices they make as well as what these things are able
to contribute to the community. Also, with this newly acquired information we will
be able to formulate strategies that will better assist in giving out effective
interventions and health teachings to the community. Also, we will be able to

have an opportunity to exercise our learned theories from our previous concepts
in regards to better accommodate the community in their goal to independence.

Objectives
General Objective
After four weeks of exposure at Jacinto Health Center, the group 2 of BSN
4E will be able to apply our leadership and management concept with
knowledge, skills and attitude through the nursing process to the people of
Barangay 31-D.
Specifically, our group aims to:
a. Choose an area suitable for our project;
b. write a courtesy letter addressed to the Barangay Captain of Barangay 31-
D;
c. conduct an ocular survey of the chosen area;
d. select a target population for our project;
e. establish rapport to the target population;
f. formulate a survey tool that is related to the identified community problem;
g. collect data from the target population using the survey tool;
h. site at least 5 community problems;
i. prioritize the community problems;
j. create a community diagnosis from the clients and action plan;
k. arrange schedule with the participants, barangay officials and health
center staff for community presentation;
l. present the community diagnosis with project proposal to the community;
m. implement the proposed project in the community;
n. make an evaluation and documentation about the implemented project;

o. submit the report of all community activities to the clinical instructor,
baranggay officials and health center; and
p. share experiences during the rotation.

PRE ENTRY
PHASE
The pre entry phase is also known as project site selection. It is the initial
phase of the organizing process where the students looks for communities to
serve or help. This phase is considered the simplest phase in terms of actual
outputs, activities and strategies and time spent for it.
The BSN 4E Group 2 of San Pedro College has done the following for this
stage: selects an area suitable for COPAR, list down our objectives for the whole
rotation, had our courtesy call at the Jacinto Health Center and Barangay Hall Of
Barangay 31-D and met with the barangay hall staff and barangay captain Hon.
Evelina Verde, set the dates of exposure and formulated our survey tool that will
be used in Purok 8-B for this rotation. The conduct of preliminary social analysis
of the community is needed to be able to plan the most effective way of entering
the community.
ENTRY
PHASE
This is also known as social preparation of the community. It is considered
crucial because the success of later activities depend largely on the community
organizer's extent of integration with the people, the understanding of the events
in the community, and how the group is identified by the people. The activities
done here includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their
life, innovating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their
concerns and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these. This
phase signals the actual entry or immersion of the community organizer into the
community.
During this phase, the group has done the following: ocular survey of the
chosen area, recognizing the authorities in the area and as well as the residents,
collect data through the use of the survey tool, collate the data gathered, identify
problems from the data collated, prioritization of the problems and stating
community diagnosis.
The appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with
those of the community residents without disregard of their being role models
and avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents - adopt a low-
key profile.
Spot Map
Legends:
• Health Center Sea Wall
• Barangay Hall Sea
Gym Interviewed
Houses
• Mosque
Data
Presentation
LENGTH OF RESIDENCY
Category No. of residents Percentage

(per family)
1-5 years 11 23%
6-10 years 12 25%
11-20 years 7 14%
21-30 years 9 19%
31 and above 9 19%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 1
Length of residency refers to the number of years a person is living in the
community. The data gathered there are 11 (23%) respondents who have been
in the community for 1-5 years, 12 (25%) respondents have been there for 6-10
years, 7 (14%) respondents have been in the community for 11-20 years, 9
(19%) respondents have been in the community for 21-30 years and lastly, 9
(19%) respondents have been in the community for 31 years and above. From
the data gathered above it revealed that the majority of the respondents are in
the community for 6-10 years.

RELIGION
Category No. of Residents Percentage

(per family)
Roman Catholic 26 54%
Islam 16 33%
Protestant 6 13%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 2
Numbers relating to religion signifies the importance of the culture and
beliefs being utilized. Religion is a great factor in giving health teachings; we can
adjust the interventions to be given to each individual household. There are a
total of 48 respondents we have surveyed and based on this data, it revealed
that Roman Catholics compromises of 26 (54%) respondents, 16 (33%)
respondents are of Islam religion, and 6 (13%) respondents are Protestants.

From this data, we can say that the majority of the respondents practiced Roman
Catholic religion.
NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN A HOUSEHOLD
Category No. of Residents Percentage

(per family)
1-3 children 27 56%
4-6 children 14 29%
7-9 children 7 15%
10-12 children 0 0%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 3
Number of children in the community signifies the number of dependents.
Children have the least protection against diseases because they have little
antibodies developed and they are vulnerable to most diseases especially

communicable ones. Therefore, the tendency of children in big families living in
poverty is to be neglected wherein they are deprived of things that other children
from a more privilege home possess. Responsible parenthood is planning ahead
of time by deciding the appropriate number of children and when to have
children. Thus, by carefully planning a child is given a chance to have a better
future. In the data gathered, we have surveyed at least 48 respondents and 27
(56%) of these respondents’ ages from the range of 1 – 3 years old. 14 (29%) of
these respondents are from 4 – 6 years old, and 7 (15%) of these respondents
ages from 7 – 9 years old. From this data, we can deduce that majority of
children have ages ranging from 1- 3 years old.

MOTHER’S EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

interviewed
Elementary 11 23%
Graduate
Highschool 28 58%
Graduate
College Graduate 9 19%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 4
Educational attainment depicts the educational competence with the
people living in the community. This is one of the factors which will affect the
deliverance of the health teachings to be given. It is of dire importance for the
part of the mother to be able to at least have knowledge on the basic necessities
of each of her family members so that she can maintain the health status of each
member. In the data above, there are 48 respondents being surveyed. The table
showed that 11 (23%) of these respondents have only reached elementary level.
28 (58%) of these respondents have only attained high school level, and lastly 9
(19%) of them have reached college level.
TYPE OF FAMILY

(per family)
Nuclear 29 60%
Extended 19 40%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 5
Family refers to two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of
sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of
the family. Type of family indicates the importance of sharing the responsibilities
between the members of the family. In a nuclear type of family, the
responsibilities only circulates among the primary members of that family while in
the extended type of family, the responsibilities branches from the immediate
members into the other member of the family. In the data showed above, the
number of nuclear type of families in our 48 respondents is 29 (60%) while the
extended type of family consists of 19 (40%) respondents.
FOOD PREPARATION
Freshly Cooked 18 38%

Carenderia and/ or 4 8%
canned goods
Mixed 26 54%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 6
Preparing of foods indicates the hygienic practices of the family. Food is
the primary necessity of all living things. Food sanitation should ensure primarily
the consumption of safe and wholesome food and thereby protect individuals
from acquiring illnesses and at the same time promote the health and wellbeing.
The data gathered from 48 respondents revealed that most of them prefer mixed
type of food preparation, that is to say, the combination of freshly cooked foods
with either carenderia prepared food and/or with canned goods. Mixed types of
preparation are being practiced by 26 (54%) respondents and 18 (38%) of them
uses freshly cooked preparations. And lastly, 4 (8%) of them buy from
carenderias or eat canned foods.
HEALTH CONSULTATION
Health Center 35 73%

Private 12 25%
Clinic/Hospital
Quack Doctor 0 0%
None at all 1 2%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 7
Health consultation refers to where a certain person seeks for
consultation. Health is important to each of us. This data will give us an idea if
the community is aware of the presence of health facilities near their area. The
data above shows the number of respondents who seeks consultation in health
centers, private clinics or hospitals, quack doctors and those who don’t seek for
consultation. There are 35 (73%) respondents who seek for consultation in health
centers and 12 (25%) of the respondents look for consultation in private clinic or
private hospitals. There are no respondents who seek consultation in a quack
doctor and 1 (2%) of the respondent doesn’t seek for consultation in the health
facilities mentioned above.

SELF-MEDICATION
YES 44 92%
NO 4 8%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 8
This data is a way of determining their practices in treating illnesses. From
this we will be able to know if they seek consultation and follow prescribed
medication. Self medication is not totally prohibited but still it is advisable to

consult first to a physician before taking in any medication. 44 (92%) out of 48
respondents do practice self – medication and the remaining 4 (8%) do not.
HERBAL MEDICINE
YES 33 69%
NO 15 31%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 9
Herbal medication means the usage of herbal plants to medicate oneself.
Nowadays, the DOH or Department of Health approved some of these herbal
plants as an accepted alternative
to other synthetic drugs. Of all the 48 respondents, 33 (69%) of them uses herbal
medicines while 15 (31%) of them do not.
IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN
Fully Immunized 38 79%

Incomplete 10 21%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 10
Preventing diseases is the key to public health. As we know that
prevention is better than cure, vaccinations prevent disease in the people who
receive them and protect those who come in contact with unvaccinated
individuals’ diseases. It is also the safest tool for saving lives and an integral part
of child’s health since children has low immunity. According to the data above, 38
(79%) respondents had their children fully immunized while 10 (21%) of them
have not yet completed the immunization because of certain factors such as the
child is too young to acquire the prescribed vaccines.
MOTHER’S IMMUNIZATION
Complete 13 27%
Incomplete 35 73%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 11
Immunization for the mother indicates the protection she will acquire that
will shield her from possible sepsis. The vaccine given to mothers is Tetanus
Toxoid vaccine, wherein it will be passed to the neonate from the 2nd to 5th dose
of vaccine thus protecting the neonate from acquiring neonatal tetanus. From the
48 respondents, 35 (73%) of mothers did not complete their immunization while
the other 13 (27%) respondents is able to complete the said immunization.
INFANT’S FEEDING
Breastfeeding 22 46%
Formula Feeding 6 12%
Mixed Feeding 20 42%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 12
It is very important for mothers to give their children breast milk for it is
very economical and very good for the baby’s immunity. Breastfeeding has many
physical and psychological benefits for both the mother and the babies. Formula
milk is expensive. The urban poor cannot afford to give their children the proper
nutrition it must need. The data gathered showed that there are 22 (46%)
mothers who preferred to give breast milk and 6 (12%) uses formula milk in
feeding and lastly mixed feeding is usually preferred by 20 (42%) mothers. It is
good that most of the mothers give /have given breast milk to their offspring but
still some mothers does not continue breast feeding up to 2 years, therefore they
should be educated and encouraged to breast fed their child.
COMMON DISEASES
Tuberculosis 2 4%
Diarrhea 7 15%
Asthma 4 8%
Pneumonia 2 4%
Hypertension 17 35%
Diabetes Mellitus 3 6%
Dengue 7 15%
Scabies 6 13%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 13
Common diseases mentioned above most often afflict the most
vulnerable, the young, and the elderly in the community. They have numerous
economic, psychological, disabling, and disfiguring effects to the afflicted
CommonDiseases
35%
18
16
14
12
15%
10 15% 13%
8 8%
6 4% 4% 6%
4
2
0
individuals, families and communities. In this situation, the need for information
about the disease is very vital. 2 (4%) of the respondents have tuberculosis, 7
(15%) respondents have acquired diarrhea, 4 (8%) respondents have acquired
asthma. 2 (4%) respondents have pneumonia, and 17 (35%) have hypertension
as their disease. DM has 3 (6%) respondent, dengue have 7 (15%) respondents,
and lastly scabies have a total of 6(13%) respondents.

PRE-NATAL
YES 45 94%
NO 1 2%
Not applicable 2 4%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 14
Pregnancy poses a risk to the life of every woman. Pregnant women may
suffer complications and die. Every woman has to visit the nearest health care
facility for pre – natal care services. This is the only way to guide her in her
pregnancy care to make her prepare fro childbirth. Based on the data collected,
45 (94%) out of 48 respondents have been committed in their pre – natal check –
up while 1 (2%) respondent have stated that she do not do such. The remaining
2 (4%) respondents have not applied such check-up for the latter have not yet
formed a family.
FAMILY PLANNING
YES 33 69%
NO 14 29%
Not applicable 1 2%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 15
Methods Used
Not Applicable 2 4%
Calendar Method 2 4%
Condom 6 13%
Pills 30 63%
Ligation 4 8%
IUD 2 4%
Abstinence 2 4%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 16
Family planning means deciding when the right time is to have children,
and what is the appropriate number of children for a couple to have. One good
reason to stress family planning is that it saves the mother and the child’s life.
There are more chances for abortion or miscarriage if the mother continues to
get pregnant beyond 35 years old or if she is in poor health condition prior to and
during pregnancy. Another reason is to provide a better life for their children.
Planned family size enables the parents to send their children to school and
provide them with the material things they need, as well as emotional support
through guidance and love. The data we gathered revealed 33 (68%) among 48
respondents uses family planning and 14 (29%) of them don’t use any family
planning. Only 1 (2%) respondent stated that it is not applicable to them because
they do not have yet formed a family. The most common method used is the
usage of pills wherein 30 (63%) out of 48 respondents found it effective and

convenient. The other 6 (13%) respondents use condom method. 4 (8%)
respondents use ligation method, while IUD users composed of 2 (4%)
respondents. Abstinence method users composed of 2 (4%) respondents and the
other 2 (4%) respondents do not use any of the following contraceptive methods
being mentioned.
GARBAGE COLLECTION
Everyday 16 33%
Every other day 14 29%
Every week 18 38%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 17
Garbage collection refers to when the garbage are collected. It indicates
how the community is responsible enough to collect their own garbage. In the
data, it shows that the garbage collection usually done on every week on which
18 (38%) respondents testify to it. 14 (29%) respondents indicate that their
garbage is collected every other day and the remaining 16 (33%) respondents
stated that their garbage is collected everyday. If majority of them collects their
garbage every week, greater chance of attracting of pests towards the
community.
SEGREGATION
YES 12 25%
NO 36 75%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 18
Garbage segregation refers to the ability of the individuals to effectively
separate non – biodegradable from biodegradable garbage. It, in turn, will
prevent it from turning into the breeding sites of pests and for easier filtration of
recyclable materials. This is also a good way in creating a clean and sanitary
environment. From the data gathered, it shows that 36 (75%) of the 48
respondents did not practice proper waste segregation and the remaining 12
(25%) respondents do practiced segregating garbage.

DRINKING WATER
Bottled Water 2 4%
Tap Water 46 96%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 19
Different types of water being used as a drinking water indicate the
possibilities of acquiring water – borne diseases. Insufficient knowledge and
inappropriate practice in the handling of water from the source to the storage
point in the house could contaminate drinking water. People who uses tap water
as drinking water is not exempted from diarrhea disease contraction particularly
those who are served with old worn – out pipes that suck in sewage or flit
through cracks and joints of the pipes. From the data collected 46 (96%) out of
48 respondents uses tap water as their main source of drinking water. The
remaining 2 (4%) respondents used bottled water as their main source of
drinking.
PRESENCE OF PEST

(per household)
YES 47 98%
NO 1 2%
TOTAL 48 100%
Presenceof Pest
98%
YES
NO
2%
Figure 20
Pests are vectors that contribute to spreading disease in the community
and other areas of the society. Usually presence of it indicates that a certain
house or community is unsanitary and does not practice hygienic techniques. 47
(98%) out of 48 respondents agree that there is indeed presence of pests found
in the area. 1 (2%) respondent have stated that there are no presence of pests.
FOOD STORAGE

(per household)
Refrigerator 6 13%
Covered 31 64%
Consumed 11 23%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 21
Food is one of the primary necessities. Food storage means safe keeping
of foods, the storage of the food must be at least semi- permanent to hold any
amount of food. If the food is properly stored, then the probability of having food
– borne diseases in increased. In the data mentioned above, 31 (64%) out of 48

respondents have stated that they do cover their food, 11 (23%) of them stated
that they consume all of their food and only 6 (13%) of them uses refrigerator as
food storage
HOUSE TYPE

(per household)
Wood 26 54%
Mixed 22 46%
Concrete 0 0%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 22
A house is a structure or building that provides cover, refuge, safety and
protection against weather and danger. The sturdiness of a house must be
considered for shelter is one of the basic needs of a human. In the data, 26
(54%) respondents’ uses wood while the remaining 22 (46%) uses mixed type –
a combination of wood and concrete. The majority of houses are made of wood;
therefore, houses in that area are prone to fire accidents and easily destroyed
from natural phenomena such as typhoons and earthquakes so people must be
educated about fire prevention and ways of safeguarding their houses against
calamities.
LIGHTING

(per family)
Electricity 43 90%
Kerosene 4 8%
Candle 1 2%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 23
In the data, 43 (90%) respondents are using electricity as their source of
lighting, 4 (8%) out of 48 respondents use kerosene as their source of lighting
and lastly 1 (2%) of the respondents uses candle as a source of light. Electricity
can give the residents the benefit of enjoying the modern life and makes the
residents’ job easy but it also has its negative effect. If it is used incorrectly, it
may cause fire or cause serious electrical injuries. In addition to that, if there are
illegal criss-crossing of the lines, it may cause a short circuit which can be very
harmful to the residents.
WINDOW

(per household)
With Screen 1 2%
Open 47 98%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 24
Windows provide both ventilation and protection for the family. Additional
measures such as screening of windows protect the family from diseases spread
by mosquitoes. In the data, 47 (98%) out of 48 respondents do not screen their
windows while the remaining 1 (2%) household does. This indicates that majority
of the households are at risk of acquiring diseases spread by mosquitoes such
as Dengue and Malaria.

SMOKING
YES 28 58%
NO 20 42%
TOTAL 48 100%
Smoking
42%
YES
58% NO
Figure 25
Smoking is a most common problem and poses significant danger to the health
of the people. The danger is not only to those active smokers, but also to those
who are exposed to second hand smoke. Scientific evidences shows that
smoking is related to at least 40 diseases and 20 types of cancer. Smoking is
also a trigger to asthma and exacerbations and can influence asthma
development. It also carries special risks for pregnant woman and fetus such as
miscarriage and SIDS. In the survey, it revealed that 28 (58%) out of 48
respondents smoke and 20 (42%) do not.
DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
YES 36 75%
NO 12 25%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 26
Alcoholism is another major problem that has been receiving considerable
attention. It causes suffering, and dangerous physical and emotional health,
disrupts family relationship and reduces economic effectiveness. 36 (75%) out of
48 respondents agree that they have been drinking and 12 (25%) of them do not.
It indicates that the majority of the people asked are alcohol drinkers, effective
alcohol education program could be a possible solution.

SOURCE OF INCOME
Father 28 58%
Mother 6 13%
Both 10 21%
Others 4 8%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 27
Salary

(per family)
P500- below 1 2%
P500- P1,000 2 4%
P1,000- P3,000 14 29%
P3,000- P5,000 9 19%
P5,000- P10,000 16 33%
P10,000 and 6 13%
above
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 28
Poverty is a major reason for the health problems of our people and
because of this many people tend to do whatever they can to give the needs of
their family and to survive, regardless of the type of job and working hours spent.
This data will tell us who provide the needs in the family. Based on the data
gathered 28 (58%) fathers work to provide the needs of their family, 6 (13%)
mothers provide the needs of the family and 4 (8%) have other member of the
family to provide their needs and lastly 10 (21%) have both mother and father
provide the family’s need.
In terms of salary, 16 (33%) out of 48 households have an income ranging
from P5000 – 10000, 14 (29%) respondents have an income ranging from P1000
– 3000, 9 (19%) respondents have an income ranging from P3000 – 5000,
income ranging from P10000 and above came from 6 (13%) respondents,
income ranging from P500 – 1000 came from 2 (4%) respondents and only 1
(2%) respondent have an income ranging from P500 below.

HEALTH INSURANCE
YES 27 56%
NO 21 44%
TOTAL 48 100%
Figure 29
Health insurance serves as an emergency funding for the family wherein
in such cases of crisis, they will have additional money to be used. In accordance
to the data above, 27 (56%) out of 48 respondents have a health insurance while
21 (44%) do not. For that matter, almost half of the respondents have extra
money to be used on urgent crisis such as immediate hospitalization and
accidents.
Prioritization
TABLE OF TOP 5 COMMUNITY PROBLEMS
Ranking Community Problem Score

1 Inadequate Knowledge 4 1/3
on Common Illnesses
2 Unhealthy Lifestyle 2 1/3
3 Poor Environment 2 1/3
Sanitation
4 Fire Hazard 2 1/3
5 Threat of Cross infection 2 1/3
from communicable
diseases
1. Inadequate Knowledge on Common Illnesses
Criteria Score Weigh Actual Justification

t score
1. Nature of the It is a health threat since
problem 2/3 1 2/3 the people in the
community is aware with
such conditions but was
not able to be familiar with
the correct intervention to
different diseases. Also
their financial one of the
factors for their poor
compliance.
2. Modifiability of It is highly modifiable since
the problem 2/2 2 2 the people in the
community can acquire
knowledge from the health
teachings of the student
nurses. Moreover the
center is also giving
protection and prevention
to the diseases encounter
by the people in the
community.
3. Preventive It is highly preventive since
potential 3/3 1 1 the health teaching done
by the student nurses can
help them to have
background knowledge to
the diagnosed or un
diagnosed diseases which
the people in the
community are
experiencing.
4. Social It is not seen as a major
Concern 1/2 1 1/2 problem in their community
the people are more on
used to doing self-
medication and the beliefs
they have in treating
common illnesses.
TOTAL 4 1/3
2. Unhealthy Lifestyle

t score
1. Nature of the This condition is a health
problem 2/3 1 2/3 threat since this problem is
usually taken for granted.
Most of the people are into
smoking and drinking and
made this as there pass
time. Also parents allow their
children to walk and play
around barefooted.
2.. Modifiability of The problem is averagely
the problem 1/2 2 1 modifiable since the people
around are aware of the
effect of excessive smoking
and drinking and the
different diseases
accountable with their
actions yet they lack the
behavior to correct it.
However the student nurses
can help them minimized the
problems through
suggestions and health
teachings.
3. Preventive Although health teachings
potential 2/3 1 2/3 can educate the people in
the community, their
behavior, attitude and
response towards the
interventions lowers the
potential to totally eradicate
the problem.
4. Social Concern The people did not recognize
1/2 1 1/2 this as a problem since they
are already used to it and
made it as one of their
leisure times. Most of the
parents don’t care if their
children are wearing their
slippers while playing and
running around.
TOTAL 2 1/3
3. Poor Environmental Condition

t score
1. Nature of the The people are aware that
problem 2/3 1 2/3 the existence of having
water contamination is
conducive for having
diseases.
2. Modifiability of It has a low modifiability
the problem 1/2 2 1 since the health teachings
can help them prevent
having illness such as
boiling water first before
drinking it yet the problems
in their tubing’s also
requires the cooperation of
the water district and the
city hall.
3. Preventive It has an average
potential 2/3 1 2/3 preventive potential since
through interventions
people can be aware of the
health threats it causes.
4. Social The people have not fully
Concern 1/2 1 1/2 recognize the existing risk
of the leaking water pipes
submerged in sewages.
TOTAL 2 1/3
4. Threat of cross infection from a communicable disease

t score
1. Nature of the This condition is a threat to
problem 2/3 1 2/3 the people in their area in
view of the fact that their
environment affects this
problem.
2. Modifiability of The problem is partially
the problem 1/2 2 1 modifiable. Although
student nurses can
implement something in
regards to health
awareness through health
teachings, factors such the
environment also affects
this problem since the
distances of their houses
are near and they lived
near the sea.
3. Preventive Interventions and health
potential 2/3 1 2/3 teachings will educate
them; however inadequate
physical and financial
resources lessen the
potential to totally
eradicate the problem.
4. Social It is not a recognized
Concern 1/2 1 1/2 problem since people in
the community treat their
experienced illness
through self-medications.
TOTAL 2 1/3
5. Fire Hazard
t score
1. Nature of the This condition is a threat for
problem 2/3 1 2/3 the community since the
houses in the community is
close from each other and is
very prone to fire hazards.
Also, they lived near the
shore and high tides affects
the level of their housing,
thus made it elevated from
the ground and usually
having a steep stairs.
2. Modifiability of Although student nurses can
the problem 1/2 2 1 teach the people in the
community with some of the
preventive measures in both
fire and fall hazards such as
careful using candles and
going upstairs and
downstairs, its beyond the
students capacity to
rearrange their housing and
connection of electricity.
3. Preventive It has an average preventive
potential 2/3 1 2/3 potential to avoid such
occurrence since the faulty
wirings and the physical set-
up of the houses appears to
be not modifiable though
there are a lot of
precautionary measures that
can be rendered to the
community such as the
proper disposal of flammable
items.
4. Salience People knew the problem
1/2 1 1/2 but they have not take an
action towards it.
TOTAL 2 1/3
Community
Diagnosis
Among the five prioritized problem, what topmost is the problem on
Inadequate knowledge on common illnesses. It includes the manner of
transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention and the appropriate treatment to
be done. It is a health threat since the co-existing problem of having the illness
aggravates because of the misconceptions and some improper management.
Inadequate knowledge of illnesses is a problem that entails other factors
that affects health. Such factors are within the scope of the other prioritized
problem which are the environmental condition, the lifestyle of a person and the
threats of some illnesses in the community which are tuberculosis and the like.
Thus, as we have come up with the top problem, everything within the
community is interrelated. All aspects that affect the health are part of the
implementation to be done.
ORGANIZATI
ON
BUILDING
PHASE
The organization building phase entails the formation of more formal
structures and the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning,
implementation, and evaluating community-wide activities. It is at this phase
where the organized leaders or groups are being given trainings to develop their
skills and in managing their own concerns. In this stage, the group has planned
for a project proposal, made an action plan, went with our implementation and
did our evaluation for the project.

Project Proposal
PROJECT PROPOSAL
A. Project Title:
“Pagbabago Sisimulan KO”
B. Project Proposal:
This project involves the people in the community and most especially the
mothers.
B1. Health Alert:
• Dengue
• Pneumonia
• Diarrheoa
• Tuberculosis
• Hypertension
B2. Accident Hazard and Garbage Disposal/ Waste
C. Type of Project
1. Vital Signs taking
2. Symposium about Dengue, Pneumonia, Diarrheoa, Tuberculosis,
Hypertension, Lifestyle, accident hazard and garbage disposal/waste

It will provide the community with information and health teachings about
the topics.
The speakers will discuss the certain topics such as:
• Description of the problem
• Etiology
• Signs and symptoms
• Management of the condition
• Preventive measures
D. Location
The project will be conducted at the mini gym of Barangay 31-D,
Boulevard, Davao City. A gym that is nearest to our target area which is the
Purok 8-B, Barangay 31-D, Boulevard, Davao City.
E. Implementing Group
This project will be conducted by the 4th year nursing students of San
Pedro College section E group 2 together with the Jacinto Health Center staff,
barangay officials and also the residents.

F. Estimated Project Cost
Logistics/Materials Budget
BSN community
Counterpart actual
PREPARATION
Prints
c/o Joanie Tinagan
• Attendance
P 50
• Evaluation
Programs c/o group 3
• Blood Pressure
Apparatus c/o Angelo Roslinda
• Garbage Cellophane
• Materials on c/o BSN4E Group 2
Background c/o Rechie Simbajon
• Table cover
Prizes P 500
- Tokens P 1000
- Give aways
Snacks P 1500
• Bread P 400
• Juice
ACTUAL P 320
• LCD c/o Charls Herradura
• Laptop & Arriane Lu
c/o Barangay
• Chairs
c/o Barangay
• Tables
c/o Arriane Lu
• Sound System
c/o Rovianne Uy
-amplifier
c/o Krishna Garillos
-speaker
c/o Djamela Pecson
-microphone
and Krishna Garillos
c/o Barangay
• Venue
POST IMPLEMENTATION c/o Rovianne Uy P 150

• Manuscript c/o Rovianne Uy,
• Documentation Joanie Tinagan,
Djamela Pecson and
Paula Maniago
P10
• CD
Total P 3930
G. Participating Agencies
This project will actively participated by the student nurses of San Pedro
College of BSN 4E, Jacinto Health Center staff, local barangay officials of Brgy
31-D, Boulevard Davao City.
H. Beneficiaries
The beneficiaries of the project will be the people residing in our target
purok which is the Purok 8-B and also its neighboring puroks.
I.Objectives
General Objective:
Within our three hours of health teaching the residents of bangay 31-D will
gain new learnings about the common diseases encountered in the community
and be aware on how to prevent and manage in many constructive ways.
Specific Objectives:
Specifically, the people in the community will be able to
a. define what is health;
b. familiarize factors that affects health;
c. recognize the common diseases and envronmental hazards in their
community;
d. know the signs and symptoms of the said diseases;

e. identify the managements and preventions of diseases and environmental
hazards;
J. Project rationale
Health was defined as being “a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. According
to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the
social and economic environment, the physical environment and the person's
individual characteristics and behaviors. Generally, the context in which an
individual lives is of great importance on his life quality and health status. The
social and economic environment are key factors in determining the health status
of individuals given the fact that higher education levels are linked with a higher
standard of life as well as a higher income. Generally, people who finish lower
education are more likely to get no job and therefore high risk to stress by
comparing to individuals with high education levels. The physical environment is
perhaps the most important factor that should be considered when classifying the
health status of an individual.
Dengue fever is a disease caused by one of a number of viruses that are
carried by mosquitoes. These mosquitoes then transmit the virus to humans.
According to government figures 15,061 cases of the disease in the Philippines
were reported in the first six months of the year.
Our Health Secretary said that the increase in the number of dengue
cases may be attributed to the constantly changing climate brought by global

warming as well as congestion in urban areas. Deaths due to dengue rose to 172
compared with 115 for the first half of 2007, (Francisco Duque ,2008)
Dengue fever is a disease caused by one of a number of viruses that are
carried by mosquitoes
Pneumonia is a respiratory disease which often affects children and the
elderly. The cold months in the Philippines will definitely affect these groups
because the air is thin due to the high moisture in the atmosphere.During times
like this, our lungs work harder in order to transport the required oxygen
throughout our entire system to keep our organs functioning well. This is because
during cold months, our bodies get lesser amounts of oxygen
In the Philippines, pneumonia sometimes leads to death because cases of
pneumonia, especially in the barrios, are left untreated either because of
knowledge deficit about the symptoms of pneumonia or lack of money to pursue
treatment. These factors usually aggravate pneumonia and reflects the type of
healthcare a country has. I will update this post in the near future to discuss the
Philippine healthcare system from a researcher’s point of view. I know many
Filipinos are not given proper care particularly those from far-flung localities. That
is the reason why cold weather in the Philippines can has already taken its toll on
the people. Cases of pneumonia and deaths caused by pneumonia might
continue to rise until February due to the cold weather reaching an all-time low of
7.5 degrees Celsius in Baguio City since 1961 (which recorded a 6.3 degrees
Celsius reading on January 18).

Diarrhea, is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel
movements per day. It is a common cause of death in developing countries and
the second most common cause of infant deathsworldwide.the number of
diarrhea cases in the Philippines is almost double the figure for other Asian
countries like Vietnam, Mongolia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Papua
New Guinea, Cambodia and Korea. Statistics likewise showed that the country is
the second largest contributor to diarrhea morbidity in the world, next to China
with 593,372 deaths based on the 2000 census conducted by the group. The
same survey also revealed that between 10 to 20 percent or 1.5 million children
under the age of five suffer from diarrhea at one time, and attributed the
prevalence of the illness to poor hygiene. Experts note that the incidence of
diarrhea may easily be lowered by 40 percent by having kids wash their hands
with water and soap. Dr. Maria Ricardo,2008
Tuberculosis (TB) has been around for centuries. It was previously called
consumption because it seemed to “consume” its victims from within. It was also
called phthisis by the ancient Greeks. Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine,
identified phthisis as the most widespread disease of his time. Even Egyptian
mummies were found with a strain of TB.
In the Philippines now, in a so-called era of peace, three years after
Phillpqlne liberation, tuberculosis still kills at the rate of four persons every hour
around the clock. Due to the ravages of tuberculosis alone, the government
looses one and a half billion dollars every year. It is the prime health and socio-
economic problem in the Philippines; has been so for decades. The prewar
tuberculosis death rate among Filipinos was 230per 100,000 nearly six times as
high as the 1945 rate for the United States. The Philippine death rate is certainly
higher now. Whereas there are at least 500,000 cases of tuberculosis among the
18,000,000 population today, there are not more than a total of 1,200 institutional
beds now available throughout the Philippines for this disease.
Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in
the arteries is elevated. It is the opposite of hypotension. Persistent hypertension
is one of the risk factors for strokes,heart attacks, heart failure and arterial
aneurysm, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Moderate elevation of
arterial blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. Both dietary and
lifestyle changes as well as medicines can improve blood pressure control and
decrease the risk of associated health complications. Carretero OA, Oparil S
(2000)
Fire Prevention Month reminds us all that though the discovery of fire was
one of man’s earliest technological discoveries, it has since claimed countless
lives, destroyed properties and dilapidated spirits.
Here in Laoag City, about a month ago, a portion of the city commercial district
was burned to the ground. The area consumed by fire included 4 or 5 business
establishments and damages reached millions of pesos. This scenario is not new
in Manila. News on TV alone proves that fire accidents are always devastating.
Whatever is the cause of fire (i.e., faulty wiring system, gas leak, accidental
burning, bombing, etc.), means to prevent fire will always come in handy
especially in homes and business establishments.

Cleanliness is the absence of dirt, including dust, stains,
bad smells and garbage.Purposes of cleanliness include health, beauty, absence
of offensive odor, avoidance of shame, and to avoid the spreading of dirt and
contaminants to oneself and others. In the case of glass objects such as
windows or windshields, the purpose can also be transparency. Washing is one
way of achieving cleanliness, usually with water and often some kind
of soap or detergent. In more recent times, since the germ theory of disease, it
has also come to mean an absence of germs and other hazardous materials.
However, dirt may play a useful role in our immune systems.
We, a part of the health workers and students of San Pedro College
having Community Organizing Participatory Action Research seen the need of
the residence for health teachings and reminders for the conditions identified
above to be prevented and be manage. This project to be performed is
beneficials to the residents of our target area but also its neighboring puroks.
This lecturetter will give the residents the ideas and knowledge on how to handle
and lowers the risk of having such conditions.

SAN PEDRO COLLEGE
Nursing Department
Community Organizing Participatory Action Research
ACTION PLAN
Date : August 10, 2010

LOCUS OF
TIME OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY
RESPONSIBILITIES
7:oo- 8:00 AM To check BP taking and Group 3

attendance and Attendance
BP of our
participants
8: OO-8:10 AM To give ask for Prayer Joanie Faith
the Lords Tinagan and an
guidance for Islamic member of
the days the audience
activity
To give tribute Singing of the
8:10-8:15 AM to our National
forefathers Anthem
To introduce Introduction of Arriane Jenelyn Lu,

8:15-8:20 AM the group the Hosts, the Ann Jellie Laureta,
Group , and the and Charles Don
Clinical Herradura
Instructor
To welcome the
8:20-8:25 AM students and Opening Barangay Captain
the members of Remarks Hon. Evelina Verde
the community
Inspirational Public Health Nurse
8:25-8:30 AM To inspire Message Marjorie Lauriano,
everyone RN
To acquaint Arriane Jenelyn Lu,
8:30-8:35 AM everyone with Introduction of Ann Jellie Laureta,
the theme of the theme and Charles don
the activity Herradura
To give the Francis Adrian
8:35-8:45 AM community a Health talk # 1 Ladores and
general Djamela Pecson
overview on
health
To give the Charles Don
8:45-9:00 AM community a Health talk # 2 Heradura and Jonna
general Emily Peñas
overview on
Health threats
To give the
community a Rechie Mark
9: OO-9:15 AM general Health Talk # 3 Simbajon and
overview on Rovianne Uy
Communicable
Diseases
To provide
entertainment Intermission Selected Student
9:15-9:20 AM and a venue for number Nurses
showcasing of
talents
To teach the
9:20-9:30 AM community Health Talk # 4 Paula Gene
about lifestyle Maniage and
and its impact Althea Pahuyo
Hosts: Program Committee:
Ann Jellie Laureta
Ma. Tiffany Hawil
Arriane Jenely Lu
Charls Don Herradura
Charls Don Herradura
Ann Jellie Laureta
Arriane Lu
Food/Logistics Committee:
Djamela Pecson
Krishna Leen Garillos
Francis Adrian Ladores

Physical Set-up Committee:
Angelo Roslinda
Paula Gene Maniago
Joanie Faith Tinagan
Althea Pahuyo
Jonna Emily Penas
Rechie Mark Simbajon
Rovianne Uy
Communication Letter to the Barangay Captain
August 3, 2010
Hon. Evelina Verde
Barangay Captain
Barangay 31-D
Davao City
Dear Ma’am;
Greetings!
We the BSN 4E of San Pedro College is having the rotation of Community

Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) as part of our related
learning experience. Part of our duty is the implementation of activities and
programs for the community based on our surveys and interviews.
With this regard, we would like to inform your good office that on August 10, 2010
we will be having our implementation day with the theme “Pagbabago Simulan
Mo”. It would be a simple program with lectures on health, environment and
sanitation. Likewise, we would like to invite you for the closing remarks as a part
of our program. It would be our honor and pleasure to have your presence. In
addition, we would like to borrow chairs and tables for the activity and ask
permission for the use of electricity for our sound system.
Thank you and God Bless us all!
Respectfully yours,
Joanie Faith Tinagan, St.N.

Group Leader
BSN 4E Group 2
Noted by:
Marjorie Lauriano, RN
Public Health Nurse
Leah Francisco, RN, MN

Clinical Instructor
LECTURES
HEALTH ALERT KULANG PA!
DENGUE FEVER
Dengue fever is an acute febrile diseases which occur in the tropics, can
be life-threatening, and are caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the
genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. It is also known as breakbone fever, since it
can be extremely painful.Each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no
cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity)
can occur. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti
or more rarely the Aedes albopictus mosquito, both of which feed exclusively
during daylight hours.
Signs and symptoms
The disease manifests as fever of sudden onset associated with
headache, muscle and joint pains (myalgias and arthralgias—severe pain that
gives it the nickname break-bone fever or bonecrusher disease), distinctive retro-
orbital pain, and rash. The classic dengue rash is a generalised maculopapular
rash with islands of sparing. A hemorrhagic rash of characteristically bright red
pinpoint spots, known as petechiae can occur later during the illness and is
associated with thrombocytopenia. It usually appears first on the lower limbs and
the chest; in some patients, it spreads to cover most of the body. There may also
be severe retro-orbital pain, (a pain from behind the eyes that is distinctive to
Dengue infections), and gastritis with some combination of associated abdominal

pain, nausea, vomiting coffee-grounds-like congealed blood, or diarrhea. Some
cases develop much milder symptoms which can be misdiagnosed as influenza
or other viral infection when no rash or retro-orbital pain is present. Febrile
travelers from tropical areas may transmit dengue inadvertently to previously
Dengue free populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) Aegypti mosquitoes, having not
been properly diagnosed for Dengue. Patients only transmit Dengue when they
are febrile and bitten by Aedes (Stegomyia) Aegypti mosquitoes, or (much more
unusually) via blood products. The classic dengue fever lasts about two to seven
days, with a smaller peak of fever at the trailing end of the disease (the so-called
"biphasic pattern"). Clinically, the platelet count will drop until after the patient's
temperature is normal. Cases of DHF also show higher fever, variable
hemorrhagic phenomena including bleeding from the eyes,nose,mouth and ear
into the gut, and oozing blood from skin pores, thrombocytopenia, and
hemoconcentration. When Dengue infections proceed to DHF symptoms, DHF
causes vascular leak syndrome which includes fluid in the blood vessels leaking
through the skin and into spaces around the lungs and belly. This fluid loss and
severe bleeding can cause blood pressure to fall, then Dengue Shock Syndrome
(DSS) sets in, which has a high mortality rate.
Prevention
 Recognition of the disease
 Isolation of the patient
 Case finding and reporting

 Health education
 Eliminate vector and breading sites
 Spraying of insecticides
Treatment
 Close monitoring of vital signs
 Increase oral fluid intake
 Platelet transfusion
 Paracetamol
PNEUMONIA
An infection of one or both lungs usually caused by bacteria, viruses or
fungi.
How people catches pneumonia:
1. Sneeze of the infected person
2. Bacteria or viruses usually present in the mouth, throat or nose enter
the lungs
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia
1. Initially symptoms of cold ( Sneezing, sore throat, cough)
2. High Fever
3. Shaking Chills
4. Shortness of breath
5. Cyanosis
How to diagnosed Pneumonia
1. Chest X-ray
2. Sputum Samples
3. A Blood Test
4. Bronchoscopy
DIARRHEA
Is increase in the frequency of bowel movements.
Causes of Diarrhea
1. Indigestion
2. Ingestion of pathogens
Prevention of diarrhea
1. Cooking of food properly
2. Boiling of water before drinking
Dehydration
Usual problem when it comes to diarrhea
Prevention
Oral Rehydration Solution which contains glucose and electrolytes .
Home made ORS Formulation
1 glass place 1 pinch of salt and 1 tbsp of Sugar
1 Liter place 1 tbsp of salt and 8 tbsp of sugar
TUBERCULOSIS KULANG!
DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body is not able to
correctly process glucose for cell energy due to either an insufficient amount of
the hormone insulin or a physical resistance to the insulin the body does
produce. Without proper treatment through medication and/or lifestyle changes,
the high blood glucose (or blood sugar) levels caused by diabetes can cause
long-term damage to organ systems throughout the body.
Symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include:
• excessive thirst
• frequent urination
• weight loss
• increased appetite
• unexplained fatigue
• slow healing cuts, bruises, and wounds
• frequent or lingering infections (e.g., urinary tract infection)
• mood swings and irritability
• blurred vision
• headache
• high blood pressure
• dry and itchy skin
• tingling, numbness, or burning in hands or feet
Fasting Plasma Glucose Test

Blood is drawn from a vein in the child's arm following an eight-hour fast
(i.e., no food or drink), usually in the morning before breakfast. The red blood
cells are separated from the sample and the amount of glucose is measured in
the remaining plasma. A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l)
or higher indicates diabetes (with a confirming retest on a subsequent day).
Treatment
• Insulin treatment and oral anti diabetic drugs
Nutritional Concerns
Because dietary carbohydrates are the primary source of glucose for the
body (the other source being the liver), it is very important that children with
diabetes learn to read labels and be aware of the amount of carbohydrates in the
foods they eat. Children and their parents are usually advised to consult a
registered deititian (RD) to create an individualized, easy to manage food plan
that fits their family's health and lifestyle needs. A well-balanced, nutritious diet
provides approximately 50 to 60 percent of calories from carbohydrates,
approximately 10 to 20 percent of calories from protein, and less than 30 percent
of calories from fat. The number of calories required depends on age, weight,
and activity level. An RD can also teach the family how to use either the dietary
exchange lists or carbohydrate counting system to monitor food intake.
Each food exchange contains a known amount of calories in the form of
protein, fat, or carbohydrate. A patient's diet plan will consist of a certain number
of exchanges from each food category (meat or protein, fruits, breads and
starches, vegetables, and fats) to be eaten at meal times and as snacks. Patients
have flexibility in choosing which foods they eat as long as they stick with the
number of exchanges prescribed by their RD based on their caloric
requirements.
Carbohydrate counting involves totaling the grams of carbohydrates in the
foods your child eats to ensure the child does not exceed her goal for the day. In
the simple-carb counting method, one carbohydrate choice or unit equals 15
grams of carbohydrates (which is equivalent to one starch or fruit exchange in
the exchange method). The number of carb choices allowed daily is based on
caloric requirements.
Children with type 1 diabetes who use fast-acting insulin before meals
may find that carb counting gives them tighter control of their blood glucose
levels, since they can compute the number of insulin units based on both their
carbohydrate intake (called the carbohydrate to insulin ratio) and before-meal
blood glucose readings.
Dietary changes and moderate exercise are usually the first treatments
implemented in type 2 diabetes. Weight loss may be an important goal in helping
overweight children and adolescents control their blood sugar levels. Exercise
helps keep blood glucose levels down and has other health benefits, as well.
HYPERTENSION
What Causes Hypertension?
• Getting little or no exercise
• Poor diet
• Obesity
• Older age
• Genetics
What is the normal Blood Pressure?
• < 120 / 80 mmhg (Normal)
• 120-139 / 80 -89 mmhg (Prehypertension)
• > 140 / 90 mmhg (Hyperttensive)
What is the treatment of high blood pressure?
• Losing weight
• Quitting smoking
• Eating healthy diet
• Reducing amount of salt in the diet
• Regular exercise
• Limiting alcohol drinking
How do I know If I have High Blood pressure?
• If your blood pressure is extremely high, you may have unusually strong
headaches, chest pain, and heart failure (especially difficulty of breathing
and poor exercise tolerance).
• If having any of these symptoms , seek treatment immediately
SMOKING
• Most common and poses significant danger to the health of most people.
• Related to at least 40 diseases and 20 types of cancers (e.g
oropharyngeal, esopharyngeal, laryngeal, and anal)
• Carries special risks for pregnant women (e.g miscarriages and SIDS)
How smoking causes harm?
- Dose related that is:
• Number of cigarettes smoked
• Duration of smoking
• Age started
• Pattern of inhaling
Harmful substances found on Tobacco:
Tobacco – contains more than 4000 chemicals, 43 of which are proven to be
carcinogenic.
 Tar – deposited in the lungs, which in turns paralyzes the cleaning
mechanisms (cilia) and damages the air sacs (alveoli). Responsible for
many of the cancers and diseases of the lungs
 Nicotine – an addicting substance as well as one of the main factors that
causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Used in insecticide
 Carbon Monoxide – produce hypoxia and reduces the O2 carrying
capacity of the blood because it competes with oxygen and has a greater
affinity to hemoglobin. Found in exhaust fumes.
 Acetone – used in nail polish remover.
 Acetic Acid – used in vinegar. Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and
must, therefore, be handled with appropriate care, since it can cause skin
burns, permanent eye damage, and irritation to the mucous membranes.
Dilute acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, is harmless. However, ingestion
of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life.

 Arsenic – used to make rat poison.
 Butane – used in cigarette lighter fluid. Causes euphoria, drowsiness and
cardiac arrhythmias
 Cadmium – used in rechargeable batteries.
 Formaldehyde – used to preserve dead bodies.
 Hexamine – used in lighter fluid
 Hydrogen cyanide – used in gas chambers
 Methane – used liked gasoline.
 Naphthalene – used to make moth balls.
 Nitrobenzene – used in gasoline additive.
 Nitrous oxide – used in disinfectant.
 DDT/Dieldrin – used in insecticide.
 Ethanol – alcohol.
 Stearic acid – used in candle wax.
 Toluene – used as industrial solvent.
 Vinyl chloride – used to make PVC* pipes. *plastic*
What happens to your body when you stop smoking?
Within 20 minutes: Within2 – ½ weeks:
• Blood pressure normalizes • Lung function improves by 30%
• Pulse rate normalizes • Risk of heart attack significantly

• Body temp. of hands and feet reduces
normalizes • Circulation will continue to
improve
Within 8 hours: Within 1 – 9 mos:
• Carbon monoxide level in the • Incidence of coughing, sinus
body normalizes congestion, fatigue, shortness of
breath decreases
• O2 level in the body normalizes
• Cilia (hair – like structures) in the
lungs regrows, increasing the
ability to handle mucus, clean
start the lungs reduce infections
• Body’s overall energy level
increases
Within 24 hours:
• Heart attack chances decreases

Within 48 hours: After 5 years:
• Nerve endings regrow • Cancer chances greatly
• Blood circulation improves on decreases
hands and feet • Risk of heart disease is
• Ability to taste and smell significantly reduced
changes dramatically
Within 72 hours: After 10 years:
• Breathing is easier • Lung cancer chances are kept to
• Lung capacity starts to increase minimum

• Pre – cancerous cells are
replaced
• Chances of other cigarette –
related cancers are decreased
ORDINANCE NO. 043-02
Series of 2002
THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-SMOKING
ORDINANCE OF DAVAO CITY
Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Davao, in
session assembled that:
SECTION 1. TITLE. – Be it ordained that this Ordinance shall be known
as, “ THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE OF DAVAO CITY
“;
SECTION 2. COVERAGE. – It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke
or allow smoking in a public utility vehicle, government-owned vehicle or any
other means of public transport for passengers, accommodation and
entertainment establishment, public building, public place, as defined in Section 3
(e) hereunder, enclosed public place, or in any enclosed area outside of ones
private residence, private place of works, cars owned by the government or duly
designated smoking areas, within the jurisdiction of Davao City;
SECTION 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS.
A.) Smoking refers to the lighting and/or puffing of any lighted cigarette,
cigar, tobacco or any other kind, form or type. Possession of any lighted
cigarette, cigar, tobacco and the like within the prohibited areas for
smoking shall constitute a prima facie evidence as an act of smoking
prohibited under this Ordinance;
B.) Public Utility Vehicle Refers to Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs), Public
Utility Buses (PUBs), taxis, tricycles and other public utility vehicles used
in the transport of passengers;
C.) Accommodation & Entertainment Establishment refer to restaurants,
fast foods, eateries, hotels, motels, lodges, inns, boarding houses, disco
houses, videoke bars, resto bars, and movie houses, or any other place
with pleasant environment and atmosphere conducive to comfort, healthful
relaxation and rest, offering foods, sleeping accommodation and
recreation facilities to the public for a fee;
D.) Public Building refers to any of the following:
1.) A building structure owned by the government or owned by a
private person but used, rented or occupied by the government or
any of its instrumentalities;
2.) Any building or structure used, or controlled exclusively for public
purposes by any department or branch of government, local
government unit or barangay without references to the ownership
of the building.
E.) Public Place refers to gasoline stations, bank, malls, town squares,
terminals, shopping/business arcades, schools, churches, hospitals,

cinema houses, gymnasiums, funerals parlors, barber shops, and other
similar places where people usually congregate either to while away their
time or to listen or attend concerts, rallies, program such as, but not
limited to, Rizal Park, Freedom Park, Magsaysay Park, Osmeña Park, and
the like;
F.) Designated Smoking Room refers to a delineated room inside the
accommodation establishment, or public place or enclosed public place,
which is totally enclosed where a person is allowed to smoke without violating
this Ordinance.
Any duly designated room/ area in accommodation and entertainment
establishments whether tourism accredited or not, within the territorial
jurisdiction of Davao City as hereinabove defined, provided, the following
conditions are met;
1.) If the accommodation and entertainment establishment is air-
conditioned,
it must establish and designate a smoking room which shall not be
more than ¼ of the total accommodation area of the establishment,
that is air-conditioned and equipped with an exhaust fan and totally
enclosed on all
A.) Manager incase of a company, corporation, or association or
the owner/ proprietor or operator in case of single
proprietorship, of accommodation and entertainment
establishments, whether tourism-accredited or not, who

knowingly allows, abets or tolerates and/ or fails to warn,
advise or report violators of this Ordinance to any policeman
or nearest station within three (3) hours of the violation;
SECTION 6. The City Health Office and City Engineer’s Office are tasked
to inspect and certify the appropriateness of the designated smoking areas
provided by accommodation establishments whether tourism-accredited or
not, taking into consideration the purpose of the law which is to protect non-
smokers from the pernicious effects of tabacco smoke;
Sixty (60) days after affectively of this Ordinance, the City
Health Office in coordination with the Office of the Business Bureau
shall conduct an ocular inspection of all non-accredited tourism
establishments in Davao City to determine compliance with the
requirements of this Ordinance.
For tourism-accredited accommodation and entertainment
establishments, the ocular inspection shall be conducted by the City
Health Office in coordination with the City Tourism Office and the Office
of the Business Bureau.
A period of sixty (60) days shall be given to the management of the
accommodation and entertainment establishment to comply with the
requirements of this Ordinance. Non-compliance with the requirements set
forth in this section shall be a ground for cancellation of the business permit
by the Office of the Business Bureau.

SECTION 7. Violators of this Ordinance shall be subject to a fine of not
less than Php 500.00 nor more than Php 2,000.00 or imprisonment of not less
that one (1) month nor more than six (6) months or both, at the discretion of
the Court, except for Paragraphs 2 & 3 hereunder.
1.) In case of establishment which do not opt to declare their
establishment as totally free from smoking but fails to provide
the appropriate designated smoking areas as certified by the
City Health Office and City Engineer’s Office within the 60-day
period specified in Section 6 hereof, their business permit may
be revoked;
2.) In case where there is failure to warn or advised would-be
violators of this Ordinance, or failure to report violators as
required in Section 5 (c ) hereof or smoking is allowed, abetted
or tolerated in establishment in violation of this Ordinance, a
penalty shall be imposed upon the President or Manager in
case of corporations, partnerships or associations, or the owner,
proprietor or operator in case of single proprietorship, whether
tourism-accredited or not as follows:
First Offense PhP 300.00 or 1 month imprisonment or
both at the discretion of the court
Second Offense PhP 500.00 2 month imprisonment or

Third and subsequent offenses PhP 1,000.00 or 4 moths
imprisonment or both at the discretion of
the court
3.) For drivers/ passengers of Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs)
Fisrt Offense PhP 100.00 or 1 month imprisonment or
Second Offense PhP 300.00 or 2 months imprisonment
or both at the discretion of the court
Third Offense PhP 500.00 or 3 months imprisonment
or both at the discretion of the court
4.) Three (3) violation of this Ordinance shall be ground for
cancellation the establishment’s business permit
SECTION 8. POSTING OF BILLBOARD: The City Engineer’s Office
is hereby tasked to put billboards in a conspicuous place in the City to
notify the public of the restrictions, sanctions and penalties provided in the
Ordinance.
SECTION 9. The Philippine National Police (PNP) is tasked with the
proper and vigorous implementation of this Ordinance.
SECTION 10. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. If, for any reason or
reasons, any parts or provision of this ordinance shall declared
unconstitutional or invalid, other parts or provisions thereof not affected
shall continue to be in full force and effect.

SECTION 11. REPEALING CLAUSE. All existing Anti-Smoking
Ordinance are hereby repealed.
SECTION 12. EFFECTIVITY CLAUSE. The Ordinance shall take
effect sixty (60) days after its approval and publication in a newspaper of
local circulation consistent with the provision of the Local Government
Code, as amended.
ENACTED, July 30, 2002 by a unanimous vote of all the Members of
the Sangguniang Panlungsod.
ALCOHOL DRINKING
ALCOHOL DRINKING
• frequent alcohol drinking
• if drunk, driving, operation of machineries or any activity that needs mental
comprehension is contraindicated.
DISEASES THAT COULD BE ACQUIRED THROUGH ALCOHOL DRINKING
• HYPERTENSION
• OBESITY
• CANCER
• LIVER DAMAGE
• HEART FAILURE
• STROKE
TIPS:
• Control tha amount of alcohol taken
• If invited into a drinking spree, saying “NO” is advised
• It is best to stop dringking alcoholic drinks
NO TO
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE
Sedentary lifestyle?
• Lifestyle that has little or no exercise practiced.
Diseases that could be acquired:
• Cardiovascular problems
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Cancer
• Hypertension
• Osteoporosis
Be Active!
• Physical activity
1. growing plants
2. doing household chores
• Exercise
1. walking
2. jogging
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
Cleanliness is very important in any place, whether it's a public place,
business establishment etc. To keep a particular area clean there should be a
proper waste disposal to keep harmful litter away from the people. Proper waste
disposal should be done even inside your house, especially to those places
where your little kids usually stay, run, play around and sleep, for kids have more
vulnerable immune system than ours. Keeping all your areas at home clean can
keep your family away from any forms of health risks.
Proper waste disposal minimizes the spread of infections and reduces the
risk of accidental injury to staff, clients, visitors, and the local community and it
helps provide an aesthetically pleasing atmosphere. It also reduces odors and
reduces the likelihood of contamination of the soil or groundwater with chemicals
or microorganisms. Proper waste disposal is of great importance to both rural
and urban areas. Not doing this may bring us to danger in many ways and surely
everybody knows this. Time and again, people are always being educated about
the importance of waste disposal but then this process should not stop because
every now and then, people forget.
A. Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable
Biodegradable means that natural processes can break down the material
into their natural components. Whereas, non-biodegradable materials would not

be affected by natural processes that would break the material down. Plastic
usually is non-biodegradable, because there are very few natural processes that
could break the plastic down into smaller elements, whereas something like
wood, will rot and decay and be recycled back into the soil.
Biodegradable wastes decompose into soil.
• Kitchen food scraps
• Garden waste
• Paper and egg shells
• Human and animal waste
• cardboard boxes
Non-biodegradable wastes take a long time or never to decompose.
• metal cans
• bottles
• toxic chemicals
• plastic products
• metal scraps
B. The Importance Of Waste Segregation
The food we eat, the air we breathe and the water we drink are all
polluted. It seems that there is no place on earth that is safe to dwell in. Nobody
is to blame in man's present predicament but man himself. People had been
taught on the proper disposal of trash yet they continue to do their own
convenient way. The polluted environment has caused many diseases and some
even resulted to death.
Biodegradable waste consists of organic waste. These are the kitchen
garbage, the vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves and paper. Biodegradability is
associated with materials that can be decomposed into non-toxic by-products. It
has to be an organic substance. These need to be broken down by
microorganism to become compost and be useable by plants. Any biodegradable
item that ends in a landfill instead of being converted into compost can be worst.
Non-biodegradable wastes are those that do not decay. This type can be
further classified into three sub classes - the recyclable waste, toxic waste and
soiled. Recyclable wastes consist of plastics, paper, glass, metals and many
others. The toxic wastes, which are the most harmful to man, consist of
medicines, paints, spray cans, bulbs, chemicals, fertilizer and pesticide
containers. Used batteries fall under this category. The soiled wastes are hospital
wastes that includes blood soiled clothes and other clothes soiled by other body
fluids. The toxic and the soiled trash must be disposed of properly and under
guidance. These are most harmful to men.
Man should know how to segregate his trash into these classifications
otherwise their health will be placed in extreme jeopardy. The government had
already given the colors of trash cans where each type of garbage is classified
into. If man persists to do his wrongful garbage disposal, pollution will continue
incessantly.
If man wants to live healthy and health hazard free, he should start abiding
by the rules on waste segregation. One recommended solution to this is to color
code the plastic garbage bags - green for biodegradable, yellow for infectious or
toxic wastes and black for non-biodegradable.
B. Recycling
Recycling involves processing used, unwanted materials (waste) into new
products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption
of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution
(from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for
"conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as
compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste
reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste
hierarchy.
C. Importance of Recycling
Saving Resources
A pretty commonsense argument in favor of recycling. It is always good to
reuse metal items as the metal reserves may be depleting. Even the metal object
which you think is woefully useless and rusted, can be revamped and resold, and
you can hardly tell the difference. The importance of recycling paper, like I said,
is that it can help save our forests.
Saving Energy
Confused? Recycling materials not only saves resources, but can also
help save energy. When we throw out something we have labeled useless, we
throw out a processed product. Suppose you have a rusty, broken door knob.
There was obviously some time, energy and people involved in the process that
made processed metal and turned it into a doorknob. By simply recycling it or
make some basic fixes to it, we save all the energy that would have been
consumed in the process of making it. Same with plastic items. A lot of energy
can be saved by simply reusing the plastic items.
Reduce Pollution
How does recycling affect the environment? Simple. Let me take an
example to elucidate the importance of recycling plastic. Now say everyone
decides not to recycle plastic. Then the plastic-making factories will be running
full steam ahead. And by steam I mean smoke. If the production increases,
the air pollution too will increase. And the factories that have not invested in a
pro-environment waste disposal system will ruin our atmosphere. These who
have liquid waste emissions without a waste water treatment system, will
cause water pollution. Hence indirect as it may seem, if recycling helps cut down
our production, it will help reduce emissions as well. Read on for more
about plastic recycling.
Other Benefits
Well I said before that food cannot be recycled, but the excreta can.
Biomass can be used to produce energy as well as fertilizers. Think of all the
money you'll save on fertilizers if you just had a simply collect the biomass
somehow and put it to good use!
GARBAGE disposal and SEGRAGATION KULANG!
SAN PEDRO COLLEGE

Nursing Department
Community Organizing Participatory Active Research
EVALUATION SHEET
MGA PANGUTANA YES NO

Questions
Importante ba ang tama nga paglabay sa mga
basura?
Is proper garbge disposal important?
Regular na ba nimong limpyuhan and palibot sa
inyung balay sugod karon?
Are you going to clean tehsurroundings of your house
starting today?
Importante ba ang regular nga konsultasyon sa
doctor?
Is it important to have regular check up with your
doctor?
Dapat ba nga iyabu ang mga naga pundo nga tubig
sa mga drum ug ligid?
Is it right to avoid stagnant water on drums and tires?
Ang lamok ba nga hinungdan sa dengue kay makita
sa tibuok lungsod sa Davao?
Is the Dengue carrier can be found all over the city of
Davao?
Makatakod ba ang sakit nga TB?
Is TB communicable?
Dapat pa ba kita pagpalabi ug kaon sa mga pagkaon
nga puno ug taba ug mamantikaon?
Is it right to indulge yourself into fatty and oily foods?
Mas nindut ba nga kung ang mga tao sa sulod sa
usa ka baranggay kay dili manigarilyo ug dili mag
inom?
Is’nt it nice if the people in a barangay does not engage
in smoking ang drinking?
Pwede ba muinom ug ORS ang tao nga gi
kalibanga?
Does a person with diartrhea could take ORS?
Pagkahuman ani nga aktibidad, mas hatagan ba
nimo ug importansya ang imong panglawas?
After this activity, are you going to cherish the things
through body wellness?
PHASE OUT
In the phase out, this is where the objectives of the group were already
attained. The organizers withdraw from self-reliant groups who will now continue
to implement the cycle of direction setting, organizing, planning, implementation,
and review for the benefit of the community members. This is also when we give
our recommendations for the community and finishes our documentation for the
COPAR rotation.
Evaluation
1. Importante ba ang tama nga paglabay sa mga basura?
(Is proper garbage disposal important?)

YES 35 97%
NO 1 3%
TOTAL 36 100%
tama nga paglabay sa basura
97%
YES
NO
Figure 30
3%
2. Regular na ba nimong limpyuhan ang palibot sa inyong balay sugod karon?
(Are you going to clean the surroundings of your house starting today?)

YES 36 100%
NO 0 0%
TOTAL 36 100%
Regular na paglimpyo sa balay
YES
100%
Figure 31
3. Importante ba ang regular nga konsultasyon sa doctor?
(Is it important to have a regular check up with your doctor?)

YES 35 97%
NO 1 3%
TOTAL 36 100%
regular na kosultasyon sa doctor
3%
YES
NO
97%
Figure 32
4. Dapat ba nga iyabo ang mga nagapundo nga tubig sa mga drum ug ligid?
(Is is right to dispose stagnant water on drums and tires?)

YES 31 86%
NO 5 14%
TOTAL 36 100%
pagyabosa nagapundona tubigsa drumo
ligid
86%
YES
NO
14%
Figure 33
5. Ang lamok ba nga hinungdan sa dengue kay Makita sa tibuok lungsod sa
Davao?
(Can the dengue carrier be found all over Davao City?)

YES 32 89%
NO 4 11%
TOTAL 36 100%
makitaba sa tibuok davao ang
hinungdanansa dengue?
11%
YES
NO
89%
Figure 34
6. Makatakod ba ang sakit na TB?
(Is TB communicable?)

YES 35 97%
NO 1 3%
TOTAL 36 100%
makatakodbaangsakitna dengue?
97%
YES
NO
3%
Figure 35
7. Dapat pa ba kita magpalabi ug kaon sa mga pagkaon nga puno ug taba ug
mamantikaon?
(Is it right to eat too much fatty and oily foods?)

YES 9 25%
NO 27 75%
TOTAL 36 100%
magpalabi sa pagkaon ugtaba ugmantikaonna
pagkaon
25%
YES
NO
75%
Figure 36
8. Mas nindot ba nga kung ang mga tao sa sulod sa usa ka barangay kay dili
manigarilyo ug dili maginom?
(Would it be nice if the people in a certain barangay do not engage in
smoking and drinking?)

YES 35 97%
NO 1 3%
TOTAL 36 100%
nosmokingand drinking
3%
YES
NO
97%
Figure 37
9. Pwede ba muinom ug ORS ang tao na gikalibanga?
(Can a person with diarrhea take ORS?)

YES 35 97%
NO 1 3%
TOTAL 36 100%
pwedeba makainomugORS
3%
97%
Figure 38
10. Pagkahuman ani nga aktibidad, mas hatagan ba nimo ug importansya ang
imong panglawas?
(After our program, would you give more importance to your health?)

YES 36 100%
NO 0 0%
TOTAL 36 100%
mashatagan ugimportansyaangpanglawas
100% YES
Through our evaluation, it showed that an average of 93.5 % of our
audience have learned things with regard to the promotion of health. This could
help them prevent acquisition of disease and alleviating condition that are
already present not only to our clients but as well as their family and neighbors.
Recommendation
The program that the group conducted for the participants may help in the
promotion of health all thoughout the community. Thus, the group recommends
for further evaluation in the community such as case finding for communicable
diseases as we encountered residents in the barangay that looks very thin and ill
but doesn’t pay visit in the health center or any doctor and there were number of
residents who also have undergone thoracentesis. Environmental issues are also
included as constant “bayanihan” may be held to promote cleanliness of the
surroundings in Purok 8-B.

COPAR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

COPAR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction

“...A community needs a soul if it is to become a true home for human

nothing, defiles that longing.

Duvall defines family as a unity of interacting persons related by ties of

marriage, birth or adoption whose central purpose is to create and maintain a

aptitude to stand up on its own feet again. To regain lost independence.

COPAR, in its right, is a social developmental approach that aims to

transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic,

participatory and politically responsive community. It is also a collective,

participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of

building people’s organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and

effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994

National Rural Conference). Through this, voiceless individuals that makes – up

To gain better understanding of the program, we were assigned to

conditions, their immediate and foreseeable problems, their coping mechanisms

interventions and health teachings to the community. Also, we will be able to

in regards to better accommodate the community in their goal to independence.

4E will be able to apply our leadership and management concept with

Specifically, our group aims to:

a. Choose an area suitable for our project;

b. write a courtesy letter addressed to the Barangay Captain of Barangay 31-

c. conduct an ocular survey of the chosen area;

d. select a target population for our project;

e. establish rapport to the target population;

f. formulate a survey tool that is related to the identified community problem;

h. site at least 5 community problems;

i. prioritize the community problems;

j. create a community diagnosis from the clients and action plan;

k. arrange schedule with the participants, barangay officials and health

center staff for community presentation;

l. present the community diagnosis with project proposal to the community;

m. implement the proposed project in the community;

n. make an evaluation and documentation about the implemented project;

baranggay officials and health center; and

p. share experiences during the rotation.

outputs, activities and strategies and time spent for it.

The appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with

Category No. of residents Percentage

the community for 6-10 years.

Category No. of Residents Percentage

Numbers relating to religion signifies the importance of the culture and

adjust the interventions to be given to each individual household. There are a

total of 48 respondents we have surveyed and based on this data, it revealed

that Roman Catholics compromises of 26 (54%) respondents, 16 (33%)

respondents are of Islam religion, and 6 (13%) respondents are Protestants.

NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN A HOUSEHOLD

Category No. of Residents Percentage

Number of children in the community signifies the number of dependents.

antibodies developed and they are vulnerable to most diseases especially

from a more privilege home possess. Responsible parenthood is planning ahead

of time by deciding the appropriate number of children and when to have

children. Thus, by carefully planning a child is given a chance to have a better

future. In the data gathered, we have surveyed at least 48 respondents and 27

children have ages ranging from 1- 3 years old.

Category No. of residents Percentage

Educational attainment depicts the educational competence with the

deliverance of the health teachings to be given. It is of dire importance for the

(19%) of them have reached college level.

Category No. of residents Percentage

between the members of the family. In a nuclear type of family, the

number of nuclear type of families in our 48 respondents is 29 (60%) while the

extended type of family consists of 19 (40%) respondents.

Category No. of residents Percentage

Freshly Cooked 18 38%