Values are formed through both cognitive understanding and lived experience. There are differing views on whether values are universal or relative to different cultures and time periods. Formation of values involves developing understanding at the intellectual level as well as strengthening one's will to act according to right values. Living a virtuous life reinforces virtuous values while a vicious life undermines them. Max Scheler proposed a hierarchy of values from lowest to highest - pleasure values, vital values pertaining to individual and community well-being, spiritual values of beauty and ethics, and ultimately values related to belief in God. Living well means not distorting this hierarchy.
Values are formed through both cognitive understanding and lived experience. There are differing views on whether values are universal or relative to different cultures and time periods. Formation of values involves developing understanding at the intellectual level as well as strengthening one's will to act according to right values. Living a virtuous life reinforces virtuous values while a vicious life undermines them. Max Scheler proposed a hierarchy of values from lowest to highest - pleasure values, vital values pertaining to individual and community well-being, spiritual values of beauty and ethics, and ultimately values related to belief in God. Living well means not distorting this hierarchy.
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Values are formed through both cognitive understanding and lived experience. There are differing views on whether values are universal or relative to different cultures and time periods. Formation of values involves developing understanding at the intellectual level as well as strengthening one's will to act according to right values. Living a virtuous life reinforces virtuous values while a vicious life undermines them. Max Scheler proposed a hierarchy of values from lowest to highest - pleasure values, vital values pertaining to individual and community well-being, spiritual values of beauty and ethics, and ultimately values related to belief in God. Living well means not distorting this hierarchy.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Unchanging and universal values They are beyond changing times, beyond space and people They are accepted everywhere The values of love, care and concern for our fellow men are values for all people regardless of time and space
Relativists There are no universal and unchanging values Values are dependent on time and place The values of our ancestors may not necessarily be the right values for us
Values are Taught and Caught
Values have cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions Cognitive – we must understand the value we want to acquire Affective – they have an affective dimension; It is not enough to know what a certain value is. An individual must feel why they prefer a certain value versus doing the opposite, which may be morally incorrect. Behavioral – living by the value is the true test if an individual really considers it as a value Value formation includes formation in the cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects You have to grow in knowledge and wisdom, and you must actually experience the importance of values in your life Value formation is a training of the intellect and will Intellect – distinguishes between a right and a wrong value Will – encourages you to act on the right value and avoid the wrong values presented by your intellect It is necessary to develop your formation of ideas, judgement and reasoning. Virtuous versus vicious life and their effect on the will A virtuous life strengthens you to live by the right values and live a life of abundance and joy, while a vicious life leads you to misery. A virtue is no other than a good habit. Max Sheler’s hierarchy of values - Shown in our preferences and decisions (Lowest to Highest) Pleasure values – pleasant VS unpleasant (sensual feelings, pleasure VS pain) Vital values – values pertaining to the well being of the individual or the community (health, vitality, capability, excellence) Spiritual values – independent of the whole sphere of the body and of the environment (beauty VS ugliness, values of right and wrong) Values of the Holy – appear only in regard to objects intentionally given as “absolute objects” (belief, adoration, bliss) The lowest values are those that have something to do with pleasure, while the highest are those that pertain to the God (for those who believe in God). You live well if you do not distort the hierarchy of values.
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