The 5th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU)

2011 National University of Singapore, Department of Architecture

Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet

PARK CONNECTOR NETWORK PLANNING IN SINGAPORE:

INTEGRATING THE GREEN IN THE GARDEN CITY
Tanuwidjaja, Gunawan*

*Lecturer of Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Email:gunteitb@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:
Singapore successfully achieved the Global City in a Garden, because of good political will, careful
planning and strict development control initiated by the former PM Lee Kuan Yew in 1960 - 1970s. The
Garden City Vision was originally proposed by Mr Lee Kuan Yew, and it was later materialised by Parks and
Recreation Department (or later named The National Parks Board/ NParks).
The NParks vision was to join the national effort creating the best environment for Singaporean and
residents to live work and play in, meanwhile its pillars of progress were to grow Singapore’s Garden
infrastructure, to cultivate Singapore as premier horticulture hub and to ignite the community passion for
greenery.
Park Connector Network (PCN) in Singapore was an integrated approach of Greening and Recreational
Strategy. It generated the social and recreational activities in the neighbourhood as well as increased
biodiversity within. For example, UluPandan Park Connector was found popularly used. Meanwhile, it also
served as habitat for native species of birds. This showed that PCN also contributed to successful
conservation and environmental sustainability of the City (Briffet, 2004).
Further improvement of PCN was conducted with benchmarking research, infrastructure improvement.
And this effort proved excellent initiatives from Singapore Government for sustainable recreational activities.
It also could be transformed to other countries as one integrated sustainable greening and recreational
strategy.

KEYWORDS: Garden City, Global City in a Garden, The National Parks Board (NParks), Park Connector
Network, PCN, Greenway, Urban Planning, Integrated approach of Greening – Recreational Strategy,
Social and recreational activities, Habitat for native species of birds

1. INTRODUCTION

Singapore, had achieved remarkable economic growth of 2-10% and Gross National Income (GNI)
$ 250,387.9 M. and the Garden City status, with strong political will, prudent planning and strict
development controls (Dale, 1999; Yuen, 2000; NParks, 2006, and Singapore Dept of Statistics, 2008).1
The Singapore’s Garden City vision was stated by the former Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew in 1960
- 1970. In those years, he set up several vital organisations for the development of Singapore. And one of
them was The Parks and Recreation Department (later consolidated into The National Parks Board/ NParks).
This effort was conducted to ensure the sustainable development of Singapore. 2

1
Dale, Ole Johan (1999)., Urban Planning in Singapore The Transformation of a City, Oxford University
Press.
Yuen, B., (2000), Singapore Housing: A Strategy for Urban Development and Regeneration, The City Region
in a World of Globalisation: Urban Strategies for Sustainable Development Conference, in Bergen Norway,
18 – 22 June 2000. Source: http://publications.ksu.edu.sa
National Parks Board, Singapore (2006-2007), Annual Report, pp 2-7, http://www.nparks.gov.sg,
Singapore Department of Statistics ; Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2009,
http://www.singstat.gov.sg/
2
Lee,K Y. (2000). From a Third World to the First, The Singapore Story, Singapore and The Asian
 On top of the organisations’ creation, he institutionalised several community-based movements, such as
the Tree Planting Day and Greening Movement in Singapore. His Garden City Vision was later spearheaded
by The National Parks Board (NParks). 3

1.1 Singapore’s Concept Plan

The Garden City concept was incorporated into the Concept Plan 1971, planned to be achieved the
following 40-50 years. The latest one, Concept Plan 2001, called for Singapore to become ”a thriving,
world-class city in the 21st Century.” 4
The 2001 Concept Plan proposed the “Ring Concept” consisting of Expressways and Mass Rapid Transit
(MRT) system. Adjacent to ”the ring,” the high-density, high-rise towns were planned, and also mixed with
several lower-density residences. The “Ring” structure surrounded the central water catchment area, which
was legally gazetted as “Nature Reserves.”
Further, the commercial areas and green open spaces were planned in the core area of new
high-rise-towns. This further reduced the traffic and the development pressures. As a result, more space
could be allocated for greenery and more recreational activities could be offered.

1.2 Role of NParks and Sustainable Development

In the context of the Concept Plan of the Garden City, NParks played a major role in creating a city to
live work and play in with strategy of growing Singapore’s garden infrastructure, cultivating Singapore as
premier horticulture hub, and igniting the community passion for greenery. Further, those tasks required
commitment and excellence in the field of park planning & research, urban greening & horticulture,
management, and nature conservation. 5

Figure 1. The Green and Blue Plan in Concept Plan 2001

Source: Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore, http://www.ura.gov.sg
and National Park Board http://www.nparks.gov.sg,

In terms of park provision ratios, NParks, in consultation with the URA (Urban Redevelopment

Economic Boom, Harpec Collins Publisher, PP. 173-183.

DBJ Report (2004), Building A 21st Century City, Optimizing Land Resources and Nurturing A Garden
Within A City, March 2004, Development Bank of Japan, Representative Office in Singapore, source:
www.dbj.go.jp
3
Ibid.
4
Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore, http://www.ura.gov.sg
5
National Parks Board, Singapore (2006-2007), Annual Report, pp2-7
 3

Authority), targeted providing 0.8 ha of Parks / 1000 population. And in 2009, NParks managed 2,502.10 ha
of Parks in Singapore comprising 56 Regional Parks, 242 Neighbourhood Parks and 25 Park Connectors.
Additionally, 3,358 ha of Nature Reserves, of the Istana Park (42 ha in size), 2,517 ha of Roadside Greenery,
1,710 ha of Vacant State Land and 9 ha of Government Premises were also under Nparks management. All
of them contributed to the total of 9,651 ha of Green Spaces of Singapore, which constituted of 14% of
Singapore total land area. 6
In this respect, NParks contributed significantly to “the Sustainable Urban Development (SUD) of
Singapore.” The framework actually comprised 7 pillars, such as: economic sustainability, cultural
sustainability, social sustainability, political sustainability, educational sustainability, demographic
sustainability, and environmental sustainability (Wong T. C. et.all., 2008).7 In the framework, NParks
succeeded in meeting the cities greenery needs and achieving the Environmental and Social Sustainability of
Singapore. And clearly, the sheer scale of parks and greenery reduced the local heat island effect and
improved the thermal comfort of the city.

2. GREEN NETWORK IN SINGAPORE: A KEY GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

The vision the Garden City had been achieved also with the development of the Park Connector Network.
In this section, the writer would to share the integrated planning and development of PCN, and how it
contributed to the social and environmental sustainability of Singapore.

2.1 Genesis of the PCN

The Parks and Recreation Department (now NParks) first proposed the Park Connector Network (PCN)
in 1992 for alternative recreation options for Singaporeans. Three hundred km of Park Connector (PC) were
targeted to be developed in 30 years time. The Park Connectors were initially planned abutting the drainage
reserves, water bodies connecting the national, regional and local parks. The PCN were easily implemented
because of the land availability. The Coastal areas were utilised later because good connectivity. Common
activities held within the PC and the coastal parks comprised of cycling, jogging, walking, and other
recreational activities for Singaporean. 8

6
National Parks Board, Singapore (2008-2009), Annual Report, http://www.nparks.gov.sg
http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html
7
Wong T-C., Yuen B., and Goldblum C. (Eds.) (2008), Spatial Planning for a Sustainable Singapore,
Springer in Association with the Singapore Institute of Planners. Singapore
8
National Parks Board, Singapore (2006-2007), Annual Report, pp 2-7, http://www.nparks.gov.sg,
Briffett,C., Sodhi,N., Yuen,B., Kong,L., Green corridors and the quality of urban life in Singapore,
accessed from: http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/adjunct/snr0704/snr07041g.pdf in 2010

2
 Figure 2. The Park Connector Vision
Source: National Park Board http://www.nparks.gov.sg,
http://habitatnews.nus.edu.sg

Figure 3. The Park Connector Network finished

Source: National Park Board http://www.nparks.gov.sg,
http://habitatnews.nus.edu.sg
 5

Figure 4 to 7. The Photos of Park Connectors

(Upper Left - Alexandra Canal Linear Park, Upper Right - Changi PC,
Bottom Left – Jurong PC, Bottom Right – SimpangKiri PC)
Source: National Park Board, http://www.nparks.gov.sg

2.2 Challenges in implementing the PCN

The planning, design, construction and maintenance of the PCN required close inter-government agency
collaboration. To ensure the successful PCN implementation, NParks coordinated between the relevant
sectored agencies.
The greatest challenge of PCN implementation was the limited contiguous areas in the urban areas.
Limited space within drainage reserves, road reserves and parks had resulted in challenges such as less
continuous terrains.
On the other hand, PC oftentimes generated much social – recreational activity from the surrounding
neighbourhood. From public feedback, residents living near certain PCs had enjoyed using the PC for
jogging, cycling, roller-blading, strolling, and walking. Some even practiced “tai-chi” and other physical
exercises in several locations.
For example, UluPandan Park Connector was reportedly used by more than 4087 users/ day in Briffet
(2004). The research also reported that 77% had visited the park connector from nearby residential estates.
And 85% of users were recorded as the regular users of the PC, at least once a week. 9
Briffet (2004) also reported that 67.7% of the UluPandan PC’s users’ intensions were to perform physical
exercise. Meanwhile, 50% of them enjoyed its environment, good air, quiet, and vegetation. And lastly about
40% considered it valuable for communal relaxation and recreation. The report actually illustrated that the
the PC was found successful in improving social and environmental sustainability of the area.10
In terms of nature conservation, which was another core function of the NParks, it was reported that
several PCs also provided habitats for certain native species. These species included the Purple-backed
Starling, JavanMyna and Pink-necked Pigeon, Greater Racket-tailed Drongo, Olive-winged Bulbul, Short

9
Briffett, C., Sodhi, N., Yuen, B., Kong, L., Green corridors and the quality of urban life in Singapore,
accessed from: http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/adjunct/snr0704/snr07041g.pdf in 2010
10
Op.cit 9

2
tailed Babbler and Greater Green Leafbird. In fact, these species were present in the UluPandan PC (Briffet,
2004). Currently, the National Biodiversity Centre – a branch within the NParks – was undertaking wildlife
surveys in the PC. And, the PCN were proven contributing to biodiversity conservation and environmental
sustainability of the City.

Figure 8. The UluPandan PC Location

Source: National Park Board, http://www.nparks.gov.sg,

Figure 9 to 12. The UluPandan PC Photos

Source: National Park Board, http://www.nparks.gov.sg

Based on the author’s personal observation, most users enjoyed cycling and jogging paths because of the
good connectivity and the pleasant environment. Further, the greenery living on the river reserve and the
adjacent residential and light industrial created a cooling environmental. Also the linear park provided
 7

sanctuary for Singaporean from hustle and bustle of the City.

Further, the good connectivity of UluPandan PC with the Town Centre and Community Facilities had
made the cyclists and pedestrian able to reach alternative locations easily. And this generated a beneficial
effect of creating an alternative convenience route for commuters. In short, all these findings point to the
integrated PCN planning, design and development.

2.3 Updates and Further developments

Nparks PCN goal was to develop a 300km island-wide network of green corridors by FY2015. And
NParks had finished about 112 km of park connectors in 2009. The main PC, The Western Loop, was
completed in 2009 and linked several Regional Parks in the west. Meanwhile, the Northern Loop was
expected to be ready in end-2010. The Eastern Loop or Eastern Coastal PCN was completed in 2007. And
the new PCs were planned and designed using benchmarking PC research from other countries.11

2.4 Research and Benchmarking of PCN

I conducted a benchmarking research of Park Connector (Greenway) Planning and Design in several
cities and countries during the internship program of MSc. Environmental Management and NParks. Under
the supervision of Ms Kim Goh and Mr John Lee Tsen Yang, I evaluated the Greenway in Seattle -
Washington, Portland - Oregon and New York City, (all 3 cities in USA); Vancouver, Canada; Copenhagen,
Denmark; Australia (AUSTROAD); and UK (Sustrans). 12
In general, I found that the successful PCN or Bikeways (Europe terms) or Greenways (US terms) were
integrated with Urban Planning and Development. Actually this strategy would improve the experience of
the Bikeways/ Greenways users and reduce pollution level of the use of motorised vehicle. Local businesses
adjacent to the Bikeways/ Greenways benefitted from this strategy because of the higher volumes of
customers. Furthermore, proximity to the Bikeways/ Greenways could be a potential selling point for
residential properties in the vicinity.
Later, an integrated cycling strategy was identified as a key aspect in sustainable PCN planning. This
broad strategy comprises of improvements made to the cycling lanes in the PCN, construction of bike lanes
in the road reserve, integration of PCN and bike-lane network with other mass transportation modes. It was
also found that effective campaigning with respect to safe riding and more tolerant use of shared spaces
would augment the integrated strategy. Close collaboration and integration between authorities was a critical
success factor in the implementation of the PCN.
At the same time, LTA (Land Transport Authority) Singapore promoted the aspect of road safety and
transportation’s efficiency in the Land Transport Master Plan 2008. They were committed to provide better
bicycle parking facilities around MRT stations and bus interchanges; to close short gaps between the park
connectors and transport nodes; to cater to commuters who cycle to the MRT stations or bus interchanges;
and to install appropriate road signs to alert motorists to the presence of cyclists along frequently used
routes.13 I believed that these would also assist the cyclists and eventually support concept of green
recreational transport in Singapore.
To further enhance the cycling experience, NParks provided several cyclists’ facility within the PCN.
Seven pit-stops were later developed in seven parks in Eastern PCN. In a typical PCN pit-stop, bicycle rental
facilities were provided. This would allow users to rent and return bicycles in any of the seven pit-stops at
their convenience. And all additional programs mentioned above had shown serious efforts by the

11
National Parks Board, Singapore (2008-2009), Annual Report, http://www.nparks.gov.sg,
12
http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/
http://www.portlandonline.com/transportation/index.cfm?c=32360
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/bikemain.shtml
http://www.drdul.com/docs/guide.pdf#search='vancouver%20bikeway%20standard'
http://www.bigloo.info/archivos/Project%20copenhagen.pdf
http://www.austroads.com.au/documents/TheAustralianNationalCyclingStrategy2005-2010.pdf
http://www.sustrans.org.uk/
13
Land Transport Authority (2008), Land Transport Master Plan 2008, www.lta.gov.sg

2
Government of Singapore to create sustainable Park Connector Network in the Garden City.14

3. CONCLUSION

The NParks had successfully planned, designed and implemented the Park Connector Network (PCN) in
Singapore. This was an excellent example of taking an integrated approach in Greening and Recreational
Strategy. It was proved successful in catering for social and recreational activities as well as increasing the
overall levels of biodiversity. And it should be used as a model for other countries as a strategy to face
Global Challenges in the urban areas.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

- National Parks Board (NParks)

o Mr Sim Cheng Hai, Director of Policy and Planning;
o Ms Kim Goh, Assistant Director of Physical Planning;
o Mr John Lee Tsen Yang MSc. BSc. (Research Supervisor - Senior Programme Officer, National
Biodiversity Center - Coastal and Marine);
- Singapore Government/ State boards;
- Petra Christian University;
o Ir. Handoko Sugiharto, M.T. Dean of Civil Engineering and Planning Faculty;
o Agus Dwi Hariyanto, M.Sc., ST., Head of Architecture Department;
o Ir. Joyce M. Laurens, M.Arch., Lecturer of Architecture Department;
o Rully Damayanti MArt., ST., Lecturer of Architecture Department;
o Luciana Kristanto MT.,ST., Lecturer of Architecture Department;
- National University of Singapore
o Dr. Malone Lee-Lai Choo, Director of Centre of Sustainable Asian Cities and Former Director of
MSc. Environmental Management Program;
o Prof. George Ofori, Director of MSc. Environmental Management Program;
o Prof Clive Briffett, Prof Navjot Sodhi, Prof Bellinda Yuen, Prof Lily Kong;
- Dr. Ho Hua Chew, Nature Society Singapore;
- Mrs Joyce Martha Widjaya, Senior Researcher of Research Institute of Socio-Economic and Community
Development, Public Works Department.

REFERENCES

[1] Briffett,C., Sodhi,N., Yuen,B., Kong,L., Green corridors and the quality of urban life in Singapore
(1984), accessed from: http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/adjunct/snr0704/snr07041g.pdf in 2010
[2] Dale, Ole Johan., Urban Planning in Singapore The Transformation of a City, Oxford University Press,
1999.
[3] DBJ Report Building A 21st Century City, Optimizing Land Resources and Nurturing A Garden Within
A City, March 2004, Development Bank of Japan, Representative Office in Singapore, source:
www.dbj.go.jp
[4] http://www.austroads.com.au/documents/TheAustralianNationalCyclingStrategy2005-2010.pdf
[5] http://www.bigloo.info/archivos/Project%20copenhagen.pdf
[6] http://www.drdul.com/docs/guide.pdf#search='vancouver%20bikeway%20standard'
[7] http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/bikemain.shtml
[8] http://www.portlandonline.com/transportation/index.cfm?c=32360
[9] http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/
[10] http://www.singstat.gov.sg/
[11] http://www.sustrans.org.uk/
[12] Land Transport Authority, Land Transport Master Plan, 2008, www.lta.gov.sg
[13] Lee,K Y., From a Third World to the First, The Singapore Story, Singapore and The Asian Economic
Boom, Harpec Collins Publisher, 2000, PP. 173-183.

14
National Parks Board, Singapore (2008-2009), Annual Report, http://www.nparks.gov.sg,
 9

[14] National Parks Board, Singapore , Annual Report, 2006-2007, http://www.nparks.gov.sg,

[15] National Parks Board, Singapore, Annual Report, 2008-2009, http://www.nparks.gov.sg
[16] Singapore Department of Statistics ; Yearbook of Statistics Singapore, 2009.
[17] Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore, http://www.ura.gov.sg
[18] Wong T-C., Yuen B., and Goldblum C. (Eds.), Spatial Planning for a Sustainable Singapore, Springer
in Association with the Singapore Institute of Planners. 2008, Singapore
[19] Yuen, B., Singapore Housing: A Strategy for Urban Development and Regeneration, The City Region
in a World of Globalisation: Urban Strategies for Sustainable Development Conference, in Bergen
Norway, 18 – 22 June 2000. Source: http://publications.ksu.edu.sa

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Curriculum Vitae

I. Personal Information
Full name : Gunawan Tanuwidjaja ST. MSc.
e-mail : gunteitb@yahoo.com
Website : http://greenimpactindo.wordpress.com/about/
Sex : Male
Nationality : Indonesian
Religion : Christian
Status : Single
Mother Language : Indonesian
Language Skill : Indonesian, English
Computer Software : AutoCad 2007 and previous version, ArcView GIS 3.2, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Software
Skill (Word, Excel, Power Point & Access).

II. Formal Education

Name of City/Country Study Time Graduated from Specialis-ation GPA
Institution (Months/Years) (Month and Year)
National Singapore 1 year October 2006 MSc 3.86 from
University of Environ-ment scale of 5
Singapore Manage-ment
Bandung Institute Bandung / 5 years July of 2001 Bachelor of 2.73 from
of Technology Indonesia Architecture scale of 4
(Institut Teknologi
Bandung)

2
 III. Informal Education
Study Time (Years) Name of Institution Course Name & Specialization
2010 School of Architecture Planning and Policy Arte-Polis 3 International Conference on
Development, Bandung Institute of Technology. Creative Collaboration and the Making of
(SAPPK, ITB) Place (3-days seminar)
2010 Architecture Department, Petra Christian National Seminar on Architecture within the
University (Jurusan Arsitektur, UK Petra) City: Living and Staying in Surabaya
(Seminar Nasional tentang Arsitektur [di]
kota: Hidup dan Berkehidupan di
Surabaya?”) [1-day seminar]
2010 Planning Department, School of Architecture Positioning Planning in the Global Crises
Planning and Policy Development, Bandung International Seminar (1-day seminar)
Institute of Technology, 2009.(Jurusan Planologi,
SAPPK, ITB)
2009 Civil Engineering Department, Maranatha National Seminar of Low-Cost Apartment,
University (Jurusan Teknik Sipil, UK Maranatha) (Seminar Nasional Apartemen Bersubsidi)
[1-day seminar]
2008 Singapore Institute of Planner Spatial Planning for a Sustainable Singapore
(1-day seminar)
2008 Lee Kuan Yew School Of Public Policy "Lessons Not to Learn from American
Cities" by Prof Alan Altshuler (Half-day
seminar)
2007 National University of Singapore, Faculty of Short Course On "A – Z Of Oil & Gas To
Engineering, PAC (Professional Activities Centre) Petrochemicals (3-days seminar)
2007 Singapore Institute of Planner Destination Resorts, The Next Wave(1-day
seminar)
2007 Singapore Institute of Planner, Malaysia Institute Seminar of Planning of Iskandar
of Planner and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Development Region (1-day seminar)
2001 The British Institute IELTS Preparation Course
2000 Language Center ITB English Writing Course
1999 Gradasi Bulletin Student Union of Architecture Journalistic Training
Gunadharma ( IMA-Gunadharma)
1997 Architecture Department ITB AutoCad R14 Training
1993-1995 Saint Angela’s English Course English Course level C6 to C11
1990-1992 Saint Angela’s English Course English Course level J2 to J5

IV. Working Experience

Name of City/ Countries Position Job Description Contract Periods
Institute/Compa-nies
Petra Christian University, Surabaya Lecturer Lecturer Assistant for August 2010 to
Department of Design Studio (AR now
Architecture 300) and Structure
Studio (AR 110)
Green Impact Indonesia Bandung Manager Team Leader and March 2003 to
Integrated Urban, Urban Planner now
Drainage and
Environmental Planning
Consultant
Agency for Research Bandung Expert Urban Planning and October 2008 to
and Development, Management Expert April 2009
Institute of Water
Resources, Ministry of
Public Works, Republic of
Indonesia,
HOK Singapore Singapore Urban Designer Residential and October – Nov
Airport Urban 2008
Design
 11

Name of City/ Countries Position Job Description Contract Periods

Institute/Compa-nies
Jurong Consultants Pte Singapore Planner Industrial Area November 2006
Ltd., Planning Division Master Plan, Urban to October 2008
Master Plan, and
Broad Land Use Plan
National Parks Board, Singapore Intern Green Network July 2006 to Aug
Republic of Singapore Planning Research 2006
Agency for Research Bandung/ Indonesia Junior Researcher GIS Expert Assistant Jan 2005 - Aug
and Development, (Arc View 3.2), in 2005
Institute of Water Polder Team
Resources, Ministry of
Public Works, Republic of
Indonesia,
Satyamitra Jasapuri Bandung/ Indonesia Junior Architect, House, Factory and Aug 2003 -
Engineering Estimator Café Design Dec 2004
PT. Trinitas Buana Utama Bandung/ Indonesia Junior Architect Apartment Design Aug 2002 - Aug
2003
PT. Imesco Dito Jakarta/ Indonesia Junior Architect Exclusive Jan 2002 – Aug
Residential Design 2002
COMBINE Bandung/ Indonesia Junior Researcher Research on Urban Aug 2001 - Jan
Development 2002
Problem
CV. Cipta Bina Sarana Bandung/ Indonesia Work Trainee Hotel Design May - July 2001
ASPEK Bandung/ Indonesia Program Garbage Jan 2000 - Aug
Facilitator Management , 2001
Community Mechanism Making
Recovery Program and Controlling of
(CRP-HUI) in RW Cooperative Credit
11, Cibangkong Unit
District

V. Planning, Research and Design Works

Name of Project Position Year
Under Green Impact Indonesia
Optimising the Development of Urban Planner and GIS Expert Jan 2010 - Present
SURAMADU Bridge in Madura
Island, in the Social, Economy and
Environmental Aspect.
Project Executive Presentation Team Leader Nov 2009 – Jan 2010
Assistance for (Strategic Urban
Spatial Improvement Programme –
SUSIP) , Directorate of Spatial
Planning, Public Works
Department, Republic of
Indonesia
Drainage Master Plan Revitalisation Team Leader and Urban Planner March – Nov 2009
in Summarecon, Kelapa Gading,
Jakarta, Indonesia
Hospital Preliminary Design and Team Leader and Senior Architect April 2009
Study in Pangalengan, West Java,
Indonesia (Proposal to KPBS, Milk
Producer Cooperative in
Pangalengan)
Community Based Development Team Leader and Environmentalist April 2009
Revitalisation in PT Newmont Nusa
Tenggara, Sumba, Nusa Tenggara
Barat, Indonesia (Proposal)

2
 Name of Project Position Year
Traditional Market Mapping, GIS Team Leader and Urban Planner August – September 2009
Database and Analysis in the
framework of Implementing
Presidential Decree No 112/2007 on
Development of Traditional Market
and Relocation of Modern Market
in Indonesia (Proposal to Ministry
of Trade of Republic of Indonesia)
Integrated Water Resources Team Leader and Environmentalist August – September 2009
Management Plan for Barangkal
River, sub catchment of Brantas
River Basin, in relation with Social
Aspect and Institution Capacity
Building (Proposal to JICA)
“9 Pearl” Elementary School in Team Leader and Architect 2003
Bandung
Proposal 99’ers Radio School Team Leader and Architect 2003
(Proposal)
Under Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd.
Preliminary Study and Brief Planner 2007 to 2008
Development Concept of QEZ3,
Petrochemical Complex, Qatar
Dera Bassi Detailed Master Plan, Planner 2007 to 2008
Greater Mohali Area, Punjab, India
Libya Africa Economic City Planner 2007 to 2008
Wonogiri Industrial Park, Indonesia Planner 2007 to 2008
(Guanxi State Farm - Biofuel Plant)
Master Plan An Tay Industrial Planner 2007
Service Centre
Master Plan Zhangzhou Waterfront Assistant Planner 2006-2007
City, China
Master Plan AMRL International Assistant Planner 2007
Tech City, Tamil Nadu, India
With MSc Environmental
Management Program
“Neotiewpia” Eco Village Master Planner & Environmentalist 2006
Plan in Kranji Singapore
Under SJP Engineering
BTC Café Junior Architect 2004
Kopomas Factory Junior Architect 2004
Private Houses Bandung Junior Architect, Design 2003 – 2004
Development
Under PT. Trinitas Buana Utama
Rental Houses in Bandung Studio Coordinator 2002 – 2003
Bukit Resik Exclusive Aparment Studio Coordinator 2002 – 2003
Site Plan “S. Parman” Elite Housing Studio Coordinator 2002
Under PT. Imesco Dito
Private Houses in Jakarta Junior Architect 2002
Freelance Project
Cibangkong Low Cost Housing, Final Year Student 2001
Bandung Indonesia
Design Development of KARANG Junior Architect, Design 2001
SETRA Hotel, Spa and Cottages, Development
Bandung Indonesia under Cipta
Bina Sarana
Master Plan of Cipulir Housing Site Junior Architect 2001
Plan, Jakarta under Prof Ir.
Danisworo
 13

VI. Awards, Prestige, Activities, and Publication

Awards/ Best Dissertation Prizes from Shell, MEM National University of Singapore, 2006-2007
Prestige Shell Grant Bursary Holder in MEM National University of Singapore, 2005-2006
Second Champion of Design Competition of Informal Traders Stand held by The
Municipal¥ Government of Kota Bandung, Praksis dan IMA-Gunadharma ITB Year 2001
Activities GKI Taman Cibunut (Presbyterian Church of Indonesia, Taman Cibunut)
2004 - 2005 : Documentation and Audio Visual Team for Church Events 2005
2003 – 2005 : Member of Young Adult Commission of Presbyterian Church of Indonesia Taman
Cibunut.
Bandung Independent Living Center (BILIC)
2003 - 2004 : Voluntary Attendant for Difable (Disable) Person
2003 : Coordinator Research Team in Accessibility Issue for Difable (Disable) Person in Several
Location in Bandung
Forum Gelar Kota Bandung (City Development Discussion Forum)
2002 : Forum Gelar Kota Secretariat
2001 : Junior Researcher
Ikatan Mahasiswa Arsitektur Gunadharma ITB (Gunadharma Student Union of Architecture
Department of ITB)
2001 Member of Legislative Bodies of IMA - Gunadharma
Member of Sustainable Human Settlement Discussion Group
Coordinator of TOR Team of Sustainable Human Settlement Seminar
1999 – 2000: Coordinator of Gradasi (Architecture Bulletin of IMA-G)
OSIS SMAK I BPK Penabur (Student Union of BPK Penabur Senior High School)
OSIS SMP St Aloysius (Student Union of St Aloysius Junior High School)
Komisi Remaja GKI Taman Cibunut (Youth Commission of Presbyterian Church of Indonesia
Taman Cibunut )

2
Publications Integration of Spatial Planning and Water Resource Management for Flood Reduction in Surabaya,
presented in National Seminar on Architecture within the City: Living and Staying in Surabaya,
Architecture Department, Petra Christian University, 27 May 2010 (INTEGRASI TATA RUANG
DAN TATA AIR UNTUK MENGURANGI BANJIR DI SURABAYA UNTUK “Seminar Nasional
tentang Arsitektur [di] kota: Hidup dan Berkehidupan di Surabaya?”Diadakan oleh Jurusan
Arsitektur Universitas Kristen Petra, pada Dies Natalis yang ke 43, tanggal 27 Mei 2010).
Creative Collaboration in the Implementation of Presidential Act on Regulating, Revitalising and
Building Synergy of the Traditional Markets, Shopping Centres and Modern Markets in Indonesia,
presented in Arte-Polis 3 International Conference on Creative Collaboration and the Making of
Place, School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development, Bandung Institute of Technology.
Creative Collaboration in Urban Polder in Jakarta, in the Framework of Integrated Water
Management, , presented in Arte-Polis 3 International Conference on Creative Collaboration and the
Making of Place, School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development, Bandung Institute of
Technology.
Applying Integrated Ecological Planning and Adaptive Landscape Evaluation Tool for Developing
Countries in the Framework of Sustainable Spatial Planning and Development, Study Case Bintan
Island, Indonesia, Positioning Planning in the Global Crises International Seminar, conducted by
Planning Department, School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development, Bandung Institute
of Technology, 2009.
Integration of Sustainable Planning Policy and Design of Low-Cost Apartment, in the Context of
Sustainable Urban Development, National Seminar of Low-Cost Apartment, Civil Engineering
Department, Maranatha University, Bandung, Indonesia, 2009. (Integrasi Kebijakan Perencanaan
dan Desain Rumah Susun yang Berkelanjutan, dalam Konteks Pembangunan Kota yang
Berkelanjutan, dipresentasikan pada Seminar Nasional Apartemen Bersubsidi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil,
UK Maranatha, 2009).
Bamboos as Sustainable and Affordable Material for Housing, National Seminar of Low-Cost
Apartment, Civil Engineering Department, Maranatha University, Bandung, Indonesia, 2009.
(Bambu sebagai Material yang Berkelanjutan dan Affordable untuk Perumahan, dipresentasikan
pada Seminar Nasional Apartemen Bersubsidi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, UK Maranatha, 2009).
Guidelines for Developing Polder System in Indonesia, Agency for Research and Development,
Institute of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia, 2008-2009.
Developing a Landscape Evaluation Tool for Developing Countries, Case Studies Bintan Island,
Indonesia, MSc Environment Management Program, National University of Singapore (Best
Dissertation Award).
Report of Research in Accessibility Issue for Difable (Disable) Person in Several Location in
Bandung.
Reports of Bandung Urban Discussion Forum on Urban Solid Waste Management, January 2002.
Reports of Bandung Urban Discussion Forum in Housing Needs, August 2001.
Thesis of Design Studio, Case of Low Economy Flat for Cibangkong Village, Bandung, Indonesia
(Kelurahan Cibangkong), Theme Pattern Language Architecture.
Seminar Report of Housing Development Based on Low Economy People.
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