gravitation

• notes for this chapter

Universal law of
gravitation
1]EVERY OBJECT IN THE UNIVERSE ATTRACTS
EVRY OTHER OBJECT WITH A FORCE WHICH IS
PROPORTIONAL OF THE PRODUCT OF THYEIR
MASSES AND INVERSELY PROPORTOINAL TO THE
SQUARE OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM.

a
b

d Mm
F=g 2
d
Importance of the universal law of
gravitation

• The universal law of gravitation successfully explained

several phenomena which were believed to be unconnected
:

• 1} The force that binds us to the earth .

• 2}The motion of the moon around the earth.
• 3}The motion of planets around the sun
• 4} The tides due to the moon and sun.
FREE FALL

WHILE FALLING ,THARE IS NO CHANGE IN THE

DIRECTION OF MOTION OF THE OBJECT S . BUT
DUE TO THE EARTH’S ATTRACTION ,THERE WILL
BE A CHANGE IN THE MAGNITUDE OF THE
VELOCITY .ANY CHANGE IN VELOCITY
INVOLVES ACCELERAION.
1}WHENVER AN OBJECT FALLS TOWARDS THE
EARTH AN ACCELERATION IS INVOLVED.
2}THIS ACCELERATION IS DUE TO THE EARTH’S
GRAVITATION FORCE.
MASS

• 1]THE MASS OF AN OBJECT IS THE MEASURE OF

ITS INERTIA
• 2}GREATER THE MASS ;THE GREATER IS THE
INERTIA.
• 3}THE MASS OF AN OBJECT IS CONSTANT AND
DOES NOT CHANGE FROM PLACE TO PLACE.
WEIGHT
• EARTH ATTRACTS EVERY OBJECT WITH A
CERTAIN FORCE AND THIS FORCE
DEPENDS ON THE MASS[M] OF THE
OBJECT AND THE ACCELERATION DUE TO
THE GRAVITY [G].
• THE WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT IS THE FORCE
WITH WHICH IT IS ATTRACTEDTOWARD’S
THE EARTH.
PRESSURE IN FLUIDS
• 1]ALL LIQUIDS AND GASES ARE FLUIDS . A
SOLID EXERTS PRESSURE ON A SURFACE
DUE TO ITS WEIGHT.
• 2]FLUIDS HYAVE WEIGHT,AND THEY
ALSO EXERT PRESSURE ON THE BASE AND
WALLS OF THE CONTAINER IN WHICH
THEY ARE ENCLOSED.
THRUST

• 1]THE FORCE ACTING ON AN OBJECT ON ANH

OBJECT PERPENDICULAR ON THE SURFACE IS
CALLED THRUST.

• 2]THEREFORE THE EFFECTS OF THRUST DEPENDS

ON THE AREA ON WHICH IT ACTS.
PRESSURE

• 1] THE EFFECTS OF THRUST ON SAND IS LARGER

WHILE STANDING THAN WHILE LYING.
• 2]THE THRUST ON UNIT AREA IS CALLED
PRESSURE.

3]PRESSURE= THRUST
AREA
WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT
ON THE MOON
• WE HAVE LEARNT THAT WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT
ON THE EARETH IS THE FORCE WITH WHICH THE
EARTH ATTRACT’S THE OBJECT.
• IN THE SAME WAY,THE WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT
ON THE MOON IS THE FORCE WITH WHICH THE
MOON ATTRACT’S THE OBJECT.
• THE MASS OF THE MOON IS LESS THAN THAT OF
THE EARTH.
• DUE TO THIS THE MOON EXERTS LESSER FORCE
OF ATTRACTION ON THE OBJECT.
BUOYANCY
• 1] THE FORCE DUE TO THE GRAVITATIONAL
ATTRACTION OF THE EARTH ACTS ON THE
BOTTLE IN THE DOWNWARD DIRECTION.

• 2]SO THE BOTTLE IS PULLED DOWNWARD BUT

THE WATER EXERTS AND UPWARD FORCE ON
THE BOTLLE .THUS THE BOTLLE IS PUSHED
UPWARD.
RELATIVE DENSITY

• 1]OBJECT HAVING DENSITY LESS THAN THAT OF

THE LIQUID IN WHICH THEY ARE IMMERSED ,
FLOAT OF THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID.

• 2] IF THE DENSITY OF THE IS MOER THAN THE

DENSITY OF THE LIQUID IN WHICH IT IS
IMMERSED THEN IT SINKS IN THE LIQUID.
DESCRIPTION

• MADE BY
• SHIVENDER SINGH
• K.V.NO.2
• [INNOVATION 2 FUTURE]`