|


m Adapted from www.mobinet.gr

m Also see
m http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS
What is |

m GPRS:
J stands for General Packet Radio Service
J is the major GSM Phase 2+
enhancement and an important step to
3G
J aims at providing data services to mobile
users with high bandwidth efficiency and
³always on´ connectivity
Why introducing |

m ^he percentage of people accessing the Internet
as part of their every day activities has known an
explosive growth during the last decade
m ^his fact combined with the impressive
penetration of mobile telephony in the last few
years, has triggered a global interest towards
mobile access to IP-based applications (e.g. e-
commerce) and services
m GSM could not support data services with traffic
patterns similar to those that exhibit Internet
applications (bursty characteristics)
hortcomings of |
m ÿsers¶ point of view
J Data rates are too slow;
up to 9.6 kbps
J Connection setup takes
too long
J ^he service is too expensive
for end users
m ^echnical point of view
J GSM deploys circuit-switched mechanisms,
which:
m are inappropriate for the bursty characteristics
of Internet traffic
m impose a time-oriented charging scheme
|
 Characteristics
m GPRS:
J supports high data rates;
up to 172 kbps
J offers fast call setup times
J provides ³always on´
connectivity
J supports QoS aware
mechanisms
J integrates IP infrastructure into the GSM
network
J deploys packet-switched mechanisms, which:
m allow for a volume-based charging discipline

m result in more efficient resource utilization

when bursty traffic is concerned
ÿser¶ s view of |


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Coding chemes
m Channel coding is used in every digital
communication system to
J increase channel capacity
J protect against errors
m GPRS makes use of different coding
schemes, depending on channel conditions
Coding Scheme Data Rate kbit/s Channel Conditions
CS-1 9.0 ^ough
CS-2 13. ^ough to Moderate
CS-3 1 .6 Moderate
CS- 21. Good

m When slots are used, the maximum data

rate of 171.2 kbit/s is achieved
What Calls for Qo upport
m ^echnical point of view
J Applications have inherent requirements in terms
of delay, delay variation of packet transmissions,
packet loss and throughput

Application equirements ^raffic ^ypes of ^ypical Applications in m- ommerce
in terms of: Browsing ^ransactions Audio Video
Data ate (kps)  - 4 -4 8- 8 - 5 
eak to ean ate High High Very üow edium
^olerale Delay High Very üow edium edium
^olerale Delay Jitter High Very üow üow üow
^olerale acket üoss edium Very üow (~ ) Very üow Very üow

m ÿsers¶ point of view

J Different users perceive different Quality when
offered the same service
Qo upport
m GPRS-Release 97/9 allowed the definition of
different QoS profiles by determining four
parameters:
J Service precedence is the priority of a service in
relation to another service
J Reliability guarantees Reliability Probability for

certain maximum Class Lost

packet
Duplicated Out of sequence
Packet packet
Corrupted
packet
values for different 1 10 -9
10 -9
10 -9
10-9
 
metrics 2 10 -
10 -
10  -
10-6
3 10-2 10- 10- 10-2

J Delay defines defines 12 byte packet 102 byte packet

Delay
maximum values for the Class ean 9 ean 9
delay percentile delay percentile
mean delay and the 1 <0.  s <1,  s <2 s <7 s
9 -percentile delay 2 < s <2  s <1  s <7  s

J ^he throughput specifies 3 < 0 s <2 0 s <7  s <37  s

the maximum/peak bit  Unspecified

rate and the mean bit rate

Qo upport
m GPRS-Release 99 specified four
distinct traffic classes
|
 etwork Architecture (1/3)
|
 etwork Architecture (2/3)
m GSN: GPRS support nodes
J Delivery and routing of data packets between
MS and external PDN (packet data network)
m ^he Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is
responsible for:
J Admission control
J Routing, mobility management, location
management, authentication, charging
J Receiving and delivering data packets
J Address translation and mapping
J Encapsulation
|
 etwork Architecture (3/3)
m ^he Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
J acts as interface between GPRS backbone and
external Packet Data Networks (PDN) or other
Public Mobile Land Networks
J converts GPRS packets coming from SGSN into
the appropriate packet data protocol (PDP)
format (e.g. IP or X.2 )
J converts the PDP addresses of incoming data
packets to the GSM address of the destination
user, and sends the readdressed packet sto
the responsible SGSN
 ^wo
outing cenarios
m IP routing
Scenario
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imultaneous ÿse of Circuit &
acket witched ervices
m Class A
J Simultaneous operation of GPRS and
conventional GSM services are possible
m Class
J A mobile station can register for both GPRS
and conventional GSM services, but can only
use one of the 2 services at a given time
m Class C
J A mobile station can attach for either GPRS or
GSM services (exception: SMS)
|
 ervices
m GPRS provides two types of services:
J P^P (Point-to-Point) service
m P^P-CLNS (connectionless mode, e.g. IP)
m P^P-CONS (connection-oriented mode,
e.g. X.2 )
J P^M (Point-to-Multipoint) service
m P^M-M (multicast service)
m P^M-G (group call service)
|
 Applications
m Information services as text or graphics
m m-commerce - not all content is delivered via the
mobile network:
J vending machine, juke box, car wash, and road toll services
J web shopping
J tickets for transport (eg trains)
J gaming and gambling
J banking
m Location ased Services
m Corporate email, Internet email
m LAN applications
m Mobile Office
m Web browsing
m File transfer
2. G prepares the market for 3G
m GPRS consolidates global success of
GSM
J 6. million GPRS users worldwide by
end 2002
J Approximately 1 0 GPRS networks
operational in countries
J More than 0 million GPRS terminal
devices delivered worldwide