AERODYNAMICS

BY MAYANK SACHAN
B-TECH 3rd YEAR
(MECHANICAL)
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 EVOLUTION
 AERODYNAMIC FORCES
 BERNOULLIS THEOREM
 LAW OF CONSERVATION
 AERODYNAMIC RELATED DIMENSIONLESS
NUMBERS
 TYPES OF FLOW
 APPLICATIONS OF AERODYNAMIC
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
 IT IS A SUBFIELD OF FLUID DYNAMICS
AND GAS DYNAMICS.
 IN THIS WE STUDY THE MOTION OF
AIR .
 IT EXPLAINS THE PRINCIPLES OF
FLIGHTOF AIRCRAFT, ROCKETS,MISSILES
etc.
 IT INVOLVES THE DESIGN MANY THINGS.
 EVOLUTION OF
AERODYNAMICS
 In 1950’s cars are designed for big
families there is complete negligence of
aerodynamics.
 In 70,s due to fuel crisis need of economic
design is felt in urgency this led to the
EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS.
 FORCES OF
AERODYNAMICS

FOUR TYPES OF FORCES

1) WEIGHT

2) LIFT

3) DRAG

4) THRUST
 WEIGHT
 “ HEAVYNESS “ THE VERTICAL FORCE
EXERTED BY A MASS AS A RESULT OF
GRAVITY.

 IT IS AN GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF
ATTRACTION ON AN OBJECT CAUSED BY
THE PRESENCE OF THE SECOND MASSIVE
OBJECT SUCH AS EARTH.

 WEIGHT IS DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT

SITUATIONS.
 LIFT
 IT IS THE COMPONENT OF
AERODYNAMIC FORCE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE RELATIVE
WIND.

 LIFT COUNTERS THE WEIGHT

ANGLE OF ATTACK
It is the angle that is
formed by the chord of the
airfoil and the direction of
the relative wind .
 DRAG

 IT REFERS TO THE FORCES THAT

OPOSSES THE RELATIVE MOTION OF
AN OBJECT THROUGH A FLUID.

 IT IS PARALLEL TO THE DIRECTION

OF FREE STREM VELOCITY OF AIR.
 TYPES OF DRAG
1) FOAM DRAG OR PRESSURE DRAG

2) SKIN DRAG

3) PARASITE DRAG

4) INDUCED DRAG
 THRUST

THRUST IS A MECHANICAL
FORCE GENERATED BY THE
ENGINES TO MOVE THE
AIRCRAFT THROUGH THE
AIR.
DIRECTION OF FORCES
 Bernoulli’s Principle
 Pressure also changes with velocity.
 Bernoulli’s Principle
 When the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within
the fluid decreases.
 This has to do with conservation of energy.
 If the velocity increases, the KE increases.
 In order to keep the total energy constant, a quantity
must decrease.
 Since PE is constant, work must be done.
 W = Fd and P = F/A  W = PAd = PV
 The volume stays the same, therefore the pressure
decreases.
 Applications of Bernoulli
 Why during storm might
a roof blow off?
 There is fast moving
air above (bunched
up streamlines) the
roof. Faster moving
air means less
pressure above than
inside.
 LAW OF
CONSERVATIONS
THREE CONSERVATIONS PRINCIPLES
ARE USED:
1) CONTUINITY

2) CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

3) CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
RELATED DIMENSIONLESS
NUMBERS
 REYNOLD’S NUMBER
 MACH’S NUMBER
 EULER’S NUMBER
 WEBER’S NUMBER
 FROUDE’S NUMBER
 TYPES OF FLOW
 SUB SONIC FLOW

 TRANSONIC FLOW

 SUPERSONIC FLOW

 HYPERSONIC FLOW
 APPLICATIONS
 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
 MARINE ENGINEERING
 AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
 CIVIL ENGINEERING (structures).
 CONCLUSION

 Aerodynamics is very important aspect of

modern era and its application in almost
every field of “ENGINEERING “ make life
of human beings very easy and
comfortable.