AESTHETICS

ADDS A CHARACTER TO FLOOR

COULD BE USED TO DICTATE

FUNCTIONALITY OF THE SPACE

DURABLITY
CLASSIFICATION OF FLOORING

The choice of material for floor covering is affected by factors such as

cost, endurance, noise insulation, comfort and cleaning effort.

FLOORING MATERIALS

Hard flooring
Wood flooring
Soft coverings
Resilient flooring
Seamless chemical flooring
HARD FLOORING

•Ceramic tile: quarry tile, porcelain tile, terracotta tile,

•Vitrified tiles
•Natural stones: slate and marble
•Glass tiles: transparent LED embedded films laminated between glass.
•Terrazzo
•Mosaic
 CERAMIC TILE

QUALITIES:
•A natural product
•Easy to clean
•Hygienic and antiallergenic
•Final installation
•Inertia
Uses:
•showers
•Pools
•Bathtubs
•kitchen
MAINTENANCE:
•Regular Cleaning
•Cleaning Stained Grout
•Re-Seal Regularly
 FIXING

a) Adhesive for tiling

b) Tile guides and
battens
c) Spreading the tile
adhesive
SPREADING THE ADHESIVE FIXING THE FIRST TILE
d) Fixing the first tile
e) Continue tiling
f) Keeping tiles flat and
level

Grouting
a) Types of tile grout
b) Spreading the tile
grout CONTINUING TILING GROUTING
c) Excess tile grout
QUALITIES:
•better mechanical strength, scratch
resistance, resistance to acids, alkalis and
chemicals, resistance to staining
•extremely durable, and heating and
cooling systems can be installed
underneath it to radiate through the floor
•non abrasive
•Designs on vitrified tiles are permanent
•Resistance to extreme temperature
difference USES:
MAINTENANCE: •high traffic areas
•Use of floor mat at entrance points to •homes, schools
prevent entry of abrasive dust particles •Universities
•do not use harsh chemical based •Hotels
cleaners •hospitals
•grout joints must be cleaned annually
•Clean and sweep your tiles regularly

VITRIFIED TILE
QUALITIES:
•Mosaics are made from tiles that are less than
two inches which are made into design pattern
or laid out in a single colour
•High fired and durable
•Dense hard and tough
•Mosaic tile comes in a wide variety of colours GLASS MOSAIC STONE MOSAIC
and textures
•Easy to customize yourself
•Water and bacteria resistant
•Great for do it yourself project
•Low maintenance

Types of mosaic tiles: USES:

•Kitchen CERAMIC MOSAIC WOODEN MOSAIC
•Glass: medium traffic •Bathroom
•Porcelain: heavy traffic •Entryways
PORCELAIN MOSAIC
•Ceramic : •Receptions
•stone

MOSAIC TILE
1. Prepare the floor by cleaning the surface

2. Gently clean the floor with dry cloth so that the floor is free of dust.

3. Before using mosaic tiles apply stone sealer to protect the stone during
installation. Sealer has to be left for 2-3 hours to ensure the sealer is absorbed
by the mosaic tile.

4. Remove the plastic protection off the back of the mosaic leaving only mesh.

5. Clean the debris with a vacuum or broom

FIXING
6. Prepare and apply the thinset over the surface.

7. Apply at least 1/8 of thinset and mark 2mm deep canals across the surface

8. Set the mosaic in place over the thinset slightly giving pressure so that the
thinset penetrates deep through the mesh

9. Continue and clean the mosaic surface with a wet sponge to make sure that
the excess of the thinset doesn’t accumulate over the mosaic.

10. Leave the mosaic and thinset to dry for about 24 hours.

11. Prepare a non sand grouting mix and use the minimum grouting thickness
which is usually made from grouting less than 1/8.

12. Grout the surface of the marble mosaic like any other tile. The grouting color
should not be dark or light from the mosaic but an average grout can be used.
 Terrazzo is made from small pieces or marble mixed with Portland TERRAZO TILES
cement or Epoxy Terrazzo Floors or poly acrylic Portland cement, at
a ratio of two to one. 

The surface layer of a terrazzo floor has extra marble chips that have
been added during the installation process to cover nearly 70% of
the exposed area, which gives it it’s elegant finish
QUALITIES:
•Cast in-situ
•Durable and easy to maintain
•Water and heat resistant MAINTENANCE:
•Nearly impenetrable •Protection against scratching and chipping
•Long lasting •Application of fresh sealer upon occupation of a building
•Low maintenance •Non abrasive detergents
•Extremely resistant to water and moisture •water left on the floor can break down the sealer.
•In tile form its very light comparatively •Use a clean dust mop with no chemical additives
•Buff terrazzo floors with a water-based acrylic finishing
USES: products for enhanced protection and gloss
•Households •Polish regularly
•Public areas
•Large offices
•Multi storey
buildings
1. The first step is to clear any loose concrete with
shotblasting (blastracking) and mitigate any
cracking in the concrete subfloor with a crack
suppression system.

2. Then the entire floor is coated with a flexible

membrane that will allow the terrazzo to float
over the concrete subfloor.

3. The design is printed out at one-hundred

percent actual size and laid across the floor.

FIXING STEP 1

STEP 2 STEP 3
 4) Then the design is cut into the
membrane with a cutting wheel on a
grinder.

5) Any complex strip areas are pre-

fabricated on mesh, the rest is cut
and bent in place.

6) Brass and zinc divider strip are

attached to the floor with tacks or
hot glue.

7) All joints are either soldered or

STEP 4 brazed.
STEP 6

STEP 5

STEP 7
8) Then the strip is glued to the floor with epoxy, here
is a detail of the strip work.

9) Final adjustments are made to the divider strip

before the epoxy is completely set-up.

10) The epoxy resin is mixed

11) Stone chips, recycled glass, mine by-products, etc.

are mixed into the epoxy
STEP 8

STEP 11

STEP 9
STEP 10
 14) The epoxy is ground smooth with
12) The epoxy matrix is spread across the
diamonds or carborundum and plastic
membrane with a trowel.
disks progressively from 25 to 400 grit.
13) This is what the epoxy looks like in its
15) During the grinding stage, an epoxy grout
rough form before grinding and polishing.
is applied to remove any pinholes.

STEP 14

STEP 12

STEP 15
STEP 13
16) An entire section after a second
grout coat.

17) Applying the sealer before the

final wax coat and polish.

18) Here is a section after sealing.

STEP 16

STEP 18

STEP 17
FINISHED INTERIORS
QUALITIES: Granite tiles
• Wide variety of textures and colours
• Durability
• Suitability
• It will last forever
• Sustainable
• Good for heavy traffic
• consists of all natural stones like granite, slate,
marble, sandstone etc.
MAINTENANCE: Natural stone tiles
• Proper sealing USES:
• Stone can be resurfaced to • Residences specially kitchens and showers
extend its lifespan • Office spaces
• limit abrasion and staining • Public places like temples

STONE FLOORING

Slate tiles Marble tiles

 GLASS FLOORING MAINTENANCE:

QUALITIES: •Use a soft towel or cloth to

wipe the tile
•Creativity •Non abrasive cleaners
•Durability •Soft brushes
•Impermeable and non-porous •Routine grout check
•they never fade or scratch, •No spiked shoes
•never decay
• endurance to harsh atmospheres
•Versatility
•non-allergenic
•Anti-bacterial USES:
•Recyclable
•unique appearance •residences
•Transparent •spas
•Easy Maintenance •pools
•Easy on the Budget •courtyards
•stage floors
•Hotels
RESILIENT FLOORING
VINYL SHEET AND TILES:
VINYL SHEET AND TILES:
FIXING:
• DENDRITE PC – 65
• FEVICOL SR505,707FW,
VC31

RATE:
Rs. 55 – 100 /
SQ.FT
They are composed of coloured
vinyl chips formed into solid
sheets of varying thicknesses
(1/8” is most common) by heat
and pressure and cut into 12”
squares

USES: Commercial and

Institutional applications –
widely used in schools,
hospitals, offices, and public
buildings VINYL COMPOSITION TILE (VCT):
 RATE:
Rs. 45 – 200/SQ.FT.

APPLICATION/FIXING:
Tiles are applied to a smooth, levelled sub-floor using a specially
formulated vinyl adhesive that remains tacky but does not completely
dry. Tiles are typically waxed and buffed using special materials and
equipment.

ADVANTAGES:
•low cost, durability, and ease of maintenance.
•high resilience to abrasion and impact damage and repeatedly
refinished with chemical strippers and mechanical buffing equipment
•can be easily removed and replaced when damaged.
•Tiles can easily be cut and assembled into colourful and decorative
patterns
 MAINTAINENCE:
• Vacuum or sweep or "swiffer" the
floor weekly.
• Damp mop the floor monthly but
do NOT use a lot of water.
• When cleaning the floor, use a
damp mop with a PH-balanced
detergent or mild soap to clean and
keep the surface free of abrasives
CORK FLOORING: such as grit or sand.
USES: • Always avoid the use of harsh
Dance symposiums cleaners such as abrasives, oil or
Gymnasiums ammonia-based cleaning products.
Acoustical treatment Only use cleaning products
approved by the manufacturer.

RATE:
Rs. 120 – 200/ SQ.FT

FIXING:
The edges have specially fabricated grooves, similar to a tongue and groove,
but are designed to interlock firmly in place.
Sizes range approximately 12" wide by 36" long.
Comes either in glue-down or floating floor applications.
 RUBBER FLOORING
USE:
Commercial, industrial, sports auditoriums
(indoor), educational institutes,
gymnasiums, dance floors.

ADVANTAGES:
• Vulcanised surface ensures that it's virtually impossible to wear
through.
• Provide an unequalled level of softness and impact absorbency.
• Resistant to fading, cigarette burns and damage.
• Environmentally friendly in both its manufacture and recyclability.
• Infinite number of ways to create different designer patterns.

RATE:
Rs. 35 – 380/SQ.FT
WOOD FLOORING
Wood flooring in two primary forms: plank and parquet.
 HARDWOOD
NATURAL •Oak
•Maple
WOOD •Ash
SOFTWOOD
•Pine
•Birch
•Fir
 Solid hardwood floors come in
a wide range of dimensions
and styles, with each plank
made of solid wood and milled
from a single piece of timber.
Solid hardwood floors were
originally used for structural
purposes, being installed
perpendicular to the wooden
support beams of a building

APPLICATION: Bedrooms, drawing rooms,

MAINTENANCE: Can be swept, moped or vacuumed. Do not use

oil treated dust mops. Use wood cleaners as specified by the
company.

DISADVANTAGE: Sensitive to humidity not to be used in

bathroom. Can be easily scratched. Expansion and contraction
of wood from moisture and temperature fluctuation puts many
dimensional restrictions on solid wood floors.
SIZE:
Typically, 5" wide and 3/4" thick boards
are the largest that can be manufactured
from solid wood without compromising
the structure of the flooring.

3/8 IN X 5 IN X Varying Lengths: 10 - 60 IN,

3/8 IN X 5 IN X Varying Lengths: 10 - 48 IN

INSTALLATION:
Wood can be manufactured
with a variety of different
installation systems:
•Tongue-and-groove
•"Click" systems
• Floor connection system
• Wood flooring can also be
installed utilizing the glue-
down method
 ENGINEERED WOOD
Engineered wood flooring is composed of two or
more layers of wood in the form of a plank. The
top layer (lamella) is the wood that is visible
when the flooring is installed, and is adhered to
the core (or substrate) which provides the
stability.
ADVANTAGES:
•Engineered wood flooring has a lower
initial cost, but the thin top layer of
high-quality wood resting atop several
layers of cheaper wood allows for only
one to three refinishing.
•Scratch resistant
APPLICATIONS:
Engineered wood flooring works well in kitchens, basements, and bathrooms where light
moisture might be present. Still, it doesn't hold up to really wet areas such as basements
that flood
INSTALLATION:
•Nail-Down Floor. This is for the 3/8" thick
floor--its thinness requires nailing to enhance
stability;
•Glue-Down Floor. The 1/2" thick floor can be
nailed down; or
•A Floating Floor. The 5/8" planks are thick
enough to act as a floating floor
COST :Rs 200 -400 per sq ft
MAINTAINANCE:
Regularly clean engineered-hardwood floors with
either a dry or damp mop, sweeping, or vacuuming. 
Keeping your flooring clean will help reduce the risk
of dirt and grim scratching the finish. Do not apply
any finish to an engineered hardwood floor that has a
factory finish, unless the manufacturer for that
particular style of engineered flooring recommends
it.  
WOODEN LAMINATE FLOORS
Laminate flooring is a laminate flooring material made to look like natural products such as
wood flooring but yet are made up of either synthetic materials (usually melamine resin) or
of synthetic materials combined with natural and recycled ingredients. Laminate flooring
gives a hardwood look minus the disadvantages of hardwood. It is resistant to stains and
scratches.

A- Wear layer
B- Image design layer
C-Inner core layer
D- Backing layer of High
density fiber board (HDF)
 APPLICATION:
Used for flooring of dry residential, commercial or public
areas such as home, office, restaurants and shops where
a low maintenance rich looking flooring solution is
required
Should not be used in or near any wet areas where
water seepage or flooding is expected

Stilex laminate flooring

MAITAINANCE:
Clean all liquid spills immediately .Simply dust mop or vacuum with a
soft brush or wood floor accessory to keep your floor clean from dust,
dirt or grit. Or damp cloth or mop can be used without damage to the
laminate panels, but do not use excessive water .Dry the floor with a
clean soft cloth. Do not use soap based detergents, abrasive cleaners or
combine “clean and shine” product on your laminate floor . Do not use
steel wool or other scouring pads that may scratch the laminate panels.
STANDARD SIZE OF PLANKS:

450-940mm(L) X 186-450mm (W)

3mm(Thick)

COST: Wooden laminates cost

between Rs 80 to Rs 400 square
feet.
INSTALLATION
Laminate floors are reasonably easy for a
do-it-yourself homeowner to install.
Laminate flooring are packaged as a
number of tongue and groove planks -
these can be clicked into one another.
Installed laminate floors typically "float"
over the sub-floor on top of a foam/film
underlayment, which provides moisture
and sound-reducing properties. In this
“floating floor” method of installation, the
laminate floor is laid or “floated” over the
existing subfloor without being glued to
the surface. A small (1-10mm) gap is
required between the flooring and any
immovable object such as walls, this
allows the flooring to expand without
being obstructed.
 BAMBOO FLOORING
APPLICATION:
Residence, commercial spaces ,sport
auditoriums and gyms

INSTALLATION:
•Nail Down Installation
•Glue-Down Installation
ADVANTAGES:
•Higher load carrying capacity
•Sustainable
• 154% harder than oak
 MAITAINANCE:
The use of wax water or soap should be avoidedAfter your floor has been installed,
floor protectors should be placed under the legs of
chairs and tables. Doors leading to the outside should have floor mats placed both
inside and out. Your floor should be cleaned weekly with the use of a suction
vacuum (no abrasive rotary brush vacuums), to remove grit and debris from the
surface of the flooring. Higher traffic floors may require more frequent cleaning to
keep floor free of grit and abrasive debris that can damage your floor and finish

COST: Rs 200 per sq ft

STANDARD SIZE OF PLANKS:
1 1/2" x 30" x 120"
1" x 30" x 120"
3
/4" x 30" x 120"
3
/4" x 48" x 96"
1
/2" x 48" x 96"
1
/4" x 48" x 96"

5" x 72-1/2" x 1/2“-residential and

commercial
Carpet is a floor covering woven or felted from natural or man-made
fibers.

Fitted Carpet is attached to the floor structure, extends wall-to-wall, and

cannot be moved from place to place.

An underlay can extend carpet life and improve comfort.

Fitted carpets offer comfort and some soundproofing, they are however
hard to clean, and can trap dirt and mites, sometimes causing allergic
reactions.

INFORMAL AREAS – plush, soft, textured carpets are used

FORMAL AREAS WITH HIGH TRAFFIC – fabrics are knotted densely to
attain high durability. Eg. Hotels, offices etc.
Carpet tiles come in different densities, so for use in your home lounge room you will
want to choose a thicker carpet tile that will have a more cushiony feel. Thicker ones
will also give a warmer feeling in the colder months. Thinner floor carpet tiles are better
suited to offices and high traffic areas.
Rugs are also woven or felted from fibers, but are smaller than
the room in which they are located, have a finished edge, and
usually lie over another finished floor such as wood flooring.

Rugs may either be temporarily attached to the flooring below by

adhesive tape or other methods to prevent creep, or may be
loose-laid.
Bio-degradable,
Eco-friendly,
Naturally elegant,
Tough and Durable
Intended for a high-traffic movement space. These may
have granular or rubberized particles added to give better
traction.
Advantageous Floor
System
• Endless Design Possibilities
• Seamless Advantages
• Safety Factor
• Unrivaled Durability
• Smooth and abrasion & impact
resistant
Installation Guide
• Prepare the floor
• Allow to Dry
• Select the product to be applied
• Calculate the amount required
• Install the coating
• Allow it to cure
• Observe and re-coat
Warehouses, Light Assembly, Clean Rooms, Labs, Hospitals, Printing,
Storage, Garages, Textile, Electronics

- Anywhere you need a clean, durable surface

Epoxy Floor Coatings

Factories, Food proccessing, Kitchens, Auto Service, Pharmaceutical, Plating Rooms, Kennels,
Prisons, Freezers, Waste Treatment - anywhere there is high traffic and chemical exposure

Durable Troweled Floors

Offices, Retail, Showrooms,
Locker Rooms, Health Clubs,
Schools, Basements - anywhere
there is a desire for a low-
maintance decorative floor

Decorative Poured Floors

VINYL LAMINATE FLOORING
THE CHOICE OF MATERIAL FOR FLOOR COVERING IS AFFECTED BY
FACTORS SUCH AS

COST,

ENDURANCE,

NOISE INSULATION,

COMFORT AND

CLEANING EFFORT.
MARKET SURVEY

DEEPAK AGENCIES; JAYASHREE FURNISHINGS @ SADAR MAIN ROAD BESIDE BLUE BLAH
- CARPET TILES, HARD FLOORING AND WOODEN FLOORING

CERAMIX @ LAD SQUARE

-HARD FLOORING- DIFFERENT TYPES OF TILES

SHADES AND STYLES @ DHARAMPETH

- WOODEN FLOOR FINISH, FABRICS ….
THANK YOU