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Raheem
Department of Chemistry
College of Science
University of Salahaddin
Definition of b.p.
The boiling point of a liquid
is the temperature at which its
vapor pressure is equal to the
pressure of the gas above it
In terms of intermolecular interactions the b.p.
represents the energy required to overcome the various
intermolecular attractions binding the molecules as a
liquid (e.g. dipole-dipole attraction and hydrogen
bonding) and therefore undergo a phase change into
the gaseous phase . Therefore the boiling point of a
liquid is also an indicator of the strength of the
attractive forces between the liquid’s molecules.
The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature
at which its vapor pressure is equal to 1 atm
Importance of b.p.
B.p. is a physical constant used for:
1. Identification of unknown liquid compound
2. Purification
factors affecting b.p.
Pressure
Molecular weight
Structure of the molecule & intermolecular
interactions
Branching
Polarity
Van der Waals interactions
H-bonding
Impurities
Factors affecting B.P.
H H
C C
H
H
H
H
H
Cl
Formula IUPAC Name Boiling Point
HCO2H methanoic acid 101 oC
CH3CO2H ethanoic acid 118 oC
CH3CH2CO2H propanoic acid 141 oC
CH3(CH2)2CO2H butanoic acid 164 oC
CH3(CH2)3CO2H pentanoic acid 186 oC
CH3(CH2)4CO2H hexanoic acid 205 oC
CH3(CH2)5CO2H heptanoic acid 223 oC
Factors affecting B.P.
Within the branched series, increased symmetry leads to higher
melting point and lower boiling point
Factors affecting B.P.
Ethanol CH3CH2-OH 78 oC
Ethylamine CH3CH2-NH2 17 oC