Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Siemens AG (Berlin and Munich) is a global powerhouse in electronics and electrical
healthcare sectors.
Our stakeholders ² customers, shareholders, employees, suppliers and the societies in which
we operate ² expect the highest performance and the highest ethical standards. Meeting these
Reaching this goal requires a new balance in which values, business operations and the pursuit
of our vision co-exist harmoniously. After closely examining our history and culture, we
distilled our essence into three core values: Responsible, Excellent, and Innovative.
These values supersede our former ¶principles· and must be lived interdependently. For each
value, we have derived clear principles that guide our decision-making and behavior. They
standards can deliver profitable growth. With the support of everyone at Siemens, it
At Siemens, we are determined to meet - and wherever possible, exceed - all legal and ethical
professional and ethical standards and practices: there must be no tolerance for non-compliant
behavior.
The principles related to ¶Responsible· serve as the compass by which we navigate our way
through our business decisions. We must also encourage business partners, suppliers and other
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Our principles:
½c We honor commitments
½c We respect property
We at Siemens set ourselves ambitious targets - derived from our vision and verified by
benchmarks - and give our all to achieve them. We stand beside our customers in the search
existing processes. It also requires us to embrace change so we are in the right place when new
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opportunities open up. Excellence also means attracting the best talent in the marketplace and
ur principles:
½c We are passionate
½c We systematically develop our personal skills and leverage our full potential
Innovation is a cornerstone of Siemens· success. We closely align R&D activities with business
strategy, hold key patents and have a strong position in both established and emerging
different. We are also ingenious and we embrace this quality in all its varied meanings
We are entrepreneurs whose innovations are successful on a global scale. We measure the
success of our innovations by our customer·s success. We constantly renew our portfolio to
provide answers to societies· most vital challenges, enabling us to create sustainable value.
ur principles:
½c We act as entrepreneurs
½c We are trendsetters
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Siemens has shown that it is committed to the principles of good corporate governance and
that it is aware of its responsibilities as a global company ² for supporting the communities in
which it does business, and for leaving behind an intact environment for future generations.
The corporate strategy of Siemens has three main elements which are
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The perspective of the corporate strategy is technological leadership and worldwide presence
emphasizes a lot on innovation which for them means the ability to transform knowledge,
"Inventing the future" is Siemens· motto. Simply chasing after trends isn't enough for a global
corporation such as Siemens. Instead, it must identify promising ideas and new approaches at
an early stage, lay down a course of action and emerge as an innovation trendsetter. To achieve
the aim is to be an industry leader in the areas of corporate governance, compliance, climate
protection and corporate citizenship. This defines important management emphases for
Siemens corporate. Corporate responsibility is the integral part of the company·s corporate
program for 2010. Siemens view risk taking as the philosophy of pursuing sustainable growth
The
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½c Rail automation, which includes spare parts and up to date railway related accessories.
½c Locomotives, which are used for trams and intra city tracks.
½c Electrification, which include state of the art electric supply system for maglev and electric
trains.
½c Light rails, which are also used for trams and intra city commutation.
½c Turnkey systems, which are specific trains designed for underground subway systems.
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½c Trains, which include high speed valario and other bullet trains
½c Integrated services, which include software and hardware solutions for railway
½c Meavy rail, which are used for freight and cargo delivery.
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its competitors and enabling a R&D that is localized to every part of the world. This network of facilities
across the world enables SIEMENS to produce high quality products at cheaper prices, because it is able
to reduce its manufacturing costs as well as its distribution and transportation costs.
Currently SIEMENS is present in more than 40 countries of the world and its major facilities are located
across all the continents such as AMERICAS, EUR E, ASIA- ACIFIC and AFRICA.
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questions. Its innovation in the night vision systems for cars, in 2005 sep 16,at the
International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt, Siemens introduced a night vision system that
works with infrared technology. With this innovation, Siemens has also become the first
system. ne quarter of all serious traffic accidents take place in the evening or at night. And
about one third of all traffic fatalities are the result of accidents during these hours.
In 2006, Siemens introduced a thinking car. The car possesses sophisticated sensors, which
help to monitor traffic and warn drivers of dangers in advance. The car provides a more safe,
comfortable, reliable and environment friendly drive. Sensors warn the driver of obstacles on
the road even under poor visibility conditions, help park the car and also recognize traffic
signs. In a traffic jam, the thinking car tracks the vehicle ahead per video system and adapts
itself automatically to the traffic flow through independent braking and acceleration.
Siemens· innovation activities are based on the company·s Innovation Framework, a matrix
that defines what makes innovation successful. Along with technological know-how and
knowledge of customers needs and market trends, the factors affecting business success are
specialized sector know-how, excellent innovation processes and, above all, highly motivated,
Siemens also employs innovation benchmarking. This helps them to pinpoint areas where they
are lagging behind and the position of the competitors, through this methodology they try to
catch up with the competitors. Mark Engelfried, senior consultant in the Competence Center
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"With our innovation radar we can detect all the success factors behind the
practice we don·t carry out a full assessment of every project. Instead, we focus on areas of
virtualization have important roles in achieving these goals. Siemens uses the following five
main criteria for success in the Siemens Innovation Framework. These are closely linked as
Thus the company emphasizes on innovation and the reason for this innovation is their goal,
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At Siemens, corporate responsibility is a strategic managerial process aimed at integrating
business, environmental and social performance to create greater value and enduring benefits
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ERMANY ASIA-PACIFIC
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½c å .4 billion were invested in R&D in fiscal year 2007
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*The top manufacturing facilities are present in USA with about 21 facilities
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The global activities that are carried out by Siemens are divided in different groups with each
In 2007 the profit margin of the group had increased from 1.6% to 4. % with a net
profit of about 190 million euros. The group as of 2007 employed 89,000 people worldwide
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The two foreign markets that is feasible for Siemens
with Shanghai Metro Group since 1989. It has also engaged in the expansion of the metro in
Guangzhou since 1994. According to Siemens China is providing Siemens with a "strong base
in a dynamic environment"
Siemens SIEMENS
is rated as 15 and India as 27 showing that the two countries provide a competitive
environment.1
trains in India
½c In Russia, Siemens has signed a 0 year contract to provide its high speed Velaro trains
to the country
½c Siemens has shipped an eight carriage Velaro high-speed train to China in December.
½c Siemens has received a EUR 140 million contract from America which is one of the
biggest contracts to modernize its railway system and make it more efficient. The
½c A consortium made up of Siemens and its Chinese partner, CSR Zhuzhou Electric
Locomotive (ZELC), has been awarded the contract for metro projects in China. The
orders are worth a total of EUR 4 1 million. Siemens is responsible for the traction
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which is a rail leasing company to supply 7 units of Desiro electric multiple units in
2007.This contract is worth EUR 40million. orter book would further lease these
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The SIEMENS consider the following as their major competitors in the market
½c Alstom of France
½c Bombardier of Spain
½c Finmeccanica of Italy
SAIN
The Bullet train network was built first time in 1992 in Spain. The country is known for
building the world·s fastest trains. The country uses modern technology in locomotives, signal
system, passenger and freight coaches and the laying of rail tracks in order to bring an overall
improvement in the railway network and operations through which akistan can benefit also.
Spain has been one of the countries where rail network plays an important role and there is a
demand for high speed trains. Currently the most popular high speed bullet train is the AVE
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train (Alta Velocidad Español) that is run on the Madrid-Cordova and Seville route. It can
class seats in an aeroplane, it also has a mini bar for the convenience of the customers.
6 Another high speed train is TALG that is also air conditioned to facilitate the customers in
For cost conscious customers, government owned rail network F Spanish State Railways or
RENFE. A wide range of services is provided by the company including first and second class
seatings and special discounts for people under 26 years of age and senior citizens.
Currently Spain is also engaged in building a road link between Barcelona and the French
Border which also includes the passage of a tunnel underneath the mountains.
GE MANY
Germany is also one of those countries that are famous
Germany is also building up its Trans rapid Maglev (magnetic levitation) train which can
travel 42mph
Iran has also partnered with Germany to build a Maglev line between Tehran and Mashad.
Siemens AG of Germany and RENFE also signed a contract to provide 16 high speed Velaro
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ne such company is Alstom that have produced trains with the travel speed of above 5 0
km/hr. n March, 2007 it has won two high speed rail contracts
also operating TGV trains (Trains à grande vitesse) are very popular in France which not only
provide dining service, but also have a nursery for children, sockets for computer plugging,
vending machines installed across the train etc. currently the TGV trains are the World·s fastest
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JAAN
Îapan was the pioneer in building railway network for
the bullet train category and the country is also working side by
side on the Maglev system as well claiming to achieve eventually a world record speed of 581
km/hr. The train known as the ÎR-Maglev is the world·s fastest non-conventional train. Russia
is in talks with Îapan to build bullet train lines running to the Black Sea resort of Sochi which
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The country that is becoming a major economic power already has also placed great
emphasis on the rail networks as well. The Ministry of Railways reported to have
significant sector.
As mentioned earlier the contract that was signed with the French Company Alstom will allow
the travelling time to be even more efficient than that compared to air travel because the
Lang Guoping, Deputy Mead of the preparation tram with the Beijing-Shanghai passenger line
company stated that 80 % manufacturing of these high speed trains will be done in China. The
China is also developing its own Maglev trains that can travel up to
speeds of 500 km/hr. In 200 , it built a maglev link from Shanghai to its main airport which
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AILWAY GAGE
The rail gauge is basically the distance that is present between the parallel railway lines. There
There is a shift from narrow to standard gauge because the Standard gauge has a greater over
hauling capacity and is suitable for moving at much faster speeds than narrow gauge. At times
dual gauge are used which have -4 parallel railway lines that allow trains having different
ELE I AINS
1.c This type of locomotive derives its power from the following external sources
2.c Overhead lines or Third Rail. Usually the electric trains have three rails, 2 of the rails
are used for the wheels of the train with the third rail having overhead cables that
carry current. The overhead wires can carry voltage of up to AC 25,000volts. In Îapan
and France the electricity to run electric trains use nuclear power source. Others use
World's fastest trains the TGV of France and the Shinkensen of Îapan is also an electric
train. The infrastructure to develop the rail track is extremely expensive and can only be
possible through Government's financial support. The cost to electrify the train would be equal
to the cost of building the track itself. The trains are having the following characteristics
4.c The trains are almost noiseless as there is no engine or exhaust noise
6.c In developed countries it is frequently used where there are frequent stops such as for
7.c The trains will be benefit in those countries where there are depleting oil reserve
8.c They are more environment friendly than diesel locomotives if being produced from
renewable resources
IESEL-ELE I LMIVES
The second option that can be considered is the introduction of diesel-electric trains. With
such trains a diesel engine is basically used to provide the power to an electric generator that
basically drives the vehicle, it can be suitable during those journeys where there is a problem
of availability of an external power source. Although the technology has been brought about
after that of electric trains, still many countries are using the trains and secondly it also avoids
the extensive costs required for infrastructure development that is required for electric
locomotives. USA for example had de-electrified certain networks and has increase usage for
The train is also more fuel efficient than the electric locomotive if the external power source is
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MAGLEV AIN
This type of train has revolutionized the railway industry. The train can reach record level
speeds of above 581km/hr. This is because of the fact that it does not need wheels to move as it
travels above ground level with the help of electro-magnetic induction thereby greatly
reducing ground friction with only the presence of negligible air resistance. The train operates
lthough the train can carry large number of passengers and does not cause pollution,
the magnets used demand a large supply of electricity hence are very expensive to operate. The
Shanghai Maglev train started operations in 2001-2002 which was built using the technology
of Siemens.
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IS Y F AKISAN AILWAYS
The possibility of Karachi as a sea port was first noticed in the middle of
19th century. Sir Menry Edward Frere was appointed Commissioner of Sindh after its
annexation with Bombay in 1847 and sought permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin a
survey for a sea port. Me also initiated the survey for a railway line in 1858. It was proposed
that a railway line from Karachi City to Kotri, steam navigation up the Indus and Chenab rivers
up to Multan and from there another railway to Lahore and beyond be constructed.
It was on 1 May 1861, that the first railway line was opened for public traffic between
Karachi City and Kotri, a distance of 105 miles (169 km). The line between Karachi City and
Kiamar was opened on 16 Îune 1889. During 1897 the line from Keamari to Kotri was
doubled.
The railway line from eshawar to Karachi closely follows Alexander·s line of march through
the Mindu Kush mountains to the Arabian Se. Different sections on the existing main line from
eshawar to Lahore and Multan and branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th
The four sections, i.e., Scinde (Sindh) Railways, Indian Flotilla Company, unjab Railway and
Delhi Railways, working in a single company, were later on amalgamated into the Scinde,
unjab & Delhi Railways Company and purchased by the Secretary of State for Indi in 1885,
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At the time of independence, 1,947 route miles ( ,1 km) of North Western Railways were
transferred to India, leaving 5,048 route miles (8,122 km) to akistan. In 1954, the railway
line was extended to Mardan and Charsada, and in 1956 the Îacobabad-Kashmore 2 ft 6 in
(762 mm) gauge line was converted into broad gauge. In 1961, the akistani portion of North
Western Railways was renamed akistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was
constructed between 1969 and 197 providing an alternative route from Karachi up the
country
Railways provides an important mode of transportation in the farthest corners of the country
and brings them closer for business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great
integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale
movement of people and freight akistan Railway comprises 8,775 route km, 781 stations and
42 train halts. It has a fleet of 546 diesel electric locomotives, 25,815 wagons and 2,099
passenger coaches. Maintenance is provided by three major locomotive workshops and thirty-
MAJ ES
The total length of railway tracks in akistan is 5,072 miles (8,162 km). The Jusiest routes
include:
½c eshawar-Karachi ôoute
½c eshawar-Quetta ôoute
½c ahore-ialkot ôoute
½c ahore-Faisalabad ôoute
½c Faisalabad-Khanewal ôoute
The major stations and junctions between eshawar and Karachi include:
Rawalpindi, Îhelum, alamusa În., Gujrat, Wazirabad În., Gujranwala, ahore, ahore
Cantt., Raiwind În., Okara, Sahiwal, Chichawatni, Mianchannu, Khanewal În., Multan
Cantt., odhran În., Bahawalpur, Samasatta În., Khanpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Sadiqabad,
annu qil Cantt., Rohri În., Khairpur, Bhiria Road, Nawabshah, Tandu dam,
Hyderabad În., Kotri În.,Îangshahi, andhi În., Karachi Cantt. nd Karachi City.
The major stations and junctions between eshawar and Quetta are:
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MAJ ESNSIILIIES
½c Improving Quality of ervice
½c ôeducing Expenditure
3c Reduced the work force by another 5000 employees through attrition and
rationalization
3c Sui Gas connections will be handed over to Sui Northern Gas to avoid extra
½c Increasing ôevenues
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assenger Freight ther Earnings verall Earnings
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complete in the time period of five years; it is significant to note that currently akistan
Railways has not included the feasibility study for metro train in its mid tern plan.
.c Setting up of a railway yard and railway linkage from Gwadar port to container yard
4.c Rail link from Gwadar ort to existing rail link at Ahmad wall on Quetta Taftan section
6.c Feasibility Study for provision of rail link from Dina to Mirpur AÎK
7.c Improvement and rehabilitation of old and obsolete signaling system on Karachi ²
8.c Electrification of Lahore ² Khanewal double line section with rehabilitation of existing
The estimated cost of completing the above mentioned projects is approximately Rs. 124
Billion.
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assets. Due to resource constraint, however, it is now engaged in modernizing certain areas
½c To ensure more comfortable journey it has been decided to manufacture only lower
½c All second class coaches are being provided with cushioned seats.
½c Reservation work has been computerized on modern lines at Lahore and Karachi
is likely to be commissioned shortly. The steps are now underway to link these stations
½c Closed circuit televisions have been introduced at Lahore, Karachi, Multan and
Rawalpindi and eshawar stations in the next phase. Subak Kharam and Shalimar
trains have also been provided with closed circuit televisions and this system is being
½c ublic address system is being provided in Subak Raftar, Subak Kharam, and Tezgam
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As a first step, ticket selling and ticket checking on Lahore-Faisalabad and Lahore-
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GVE NMEN EGLAIN & LIIES (INE NAINAL)10
Throughout the world, the rail industry historically has been one of the most extensively
regulated of all sectors. rice, entry, exit, financial structure, accounting methods, vertical
relations, and operating rules have all been subject to some form of government control. The
public utility paradigm of government regulation has been applied on the assumption that the
economic characteristics of the rail industry preclude competitive organization or the need for
market responsiveness.
In the past three decades, however, policymakers and economists have become increasingly
critical of traditional regulation of the rail industry. It is generally accepted that in markets
where rail carriers seek to meet demand, there is often effective competition and that
government restrictions on the structure and conduct of firms in this industry impose
considerable costs on society. Misguided regulatory policies have been blamed for the
misallocation of freight traffic among competing modes of transport, excess capacity, excessive
operating costs, and poor investment decisions. Regulatory controls have also shouldered much
of the blame for the poor financial condition of railroads, the deterioration of rail plant, the
suppression and delay of cost-reducing innovations, and the mediocre quality of rail service.
exercise to revitalize akistan Railways to enable it to play its due role within the
transport sector and in the economic and social development of the country, the sources said.
akistan Railways Corporation will focus on core business of rail services, while the non-core
business entities such as factories, schools, hospitals and marketing of land assets will be
managed through subsidiary public limited companies which would function under the
The manufacturing units of akistan Railways; the Carriage Factory, Islamabad; Locomotive
Factory in Risalpur; and Concrete Sleeper factories each at Sukkur, Khanewal and Kohat will be
transformed into separate companies under the company laws of the country.
p.c It would offload railway budget from the non- core activities
2.c It would facilitate manufacturing units to have their autonomous entities for seeking business
3.c It would facilitate preparation corporate plans and feasibility for their future operations and
implementation strategy.
4.c The manufacturing units will follow a policy for developing indigenous capabilities of the new
5.c It would lessen dependence on foreign manufactures and develop potential to compete in
foreign markets.
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requirements of the working class running between Rawalpindi and Karachi via
Sargodha, Faisalabad and Multan; it would take twenty-five hours to complete its journey
in. the introduction of high-speed train would reduce the time to 8 hours approximately
which would in turn make it easier for the citizens to travel on longer routes without
hesitation.
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Contingent liabilities are costs which the government will have to pay if a particular event
occurs. These are obligations triggered by a discrete but uncertain event. Contingent
government liabilities are associated with major hidden fiscal risks; a common example of a
there is no liability for the government, since this is contingent upon the borrower failing to
repay the loan as contracted. Mowever, in the event of default, the lender can invoke the
guarantee and the government will be obliged to repay the amount of the loan still
outstanding. At that point, the contingent liability will become an actual liability of the
These are specific government obligations defined by a contract or a law. The government is
legally mandated to settle such an obligation when it becomes due. For example
Guarantees for borrowing and obligations of provincial governments and public or private
entities.
These represent a moral obligation or expected burden for the government not in the legal
sense, but based on public expectations and political pressures. For example;
Defaults of provincial governments and public or private entities on non-guaranteed debt and
other obligations.
Bank failures
According to Table 1 and 2 in the appendix , During FY 2004-05, an amount of Rs. .24 billion
has been paid on account of debt servicing liability(Government guaranteed loans) and the
implicit contingent liabilities added up to Rs. .95 billion for the same fiscal year which
undoubtedly a huge amount. These figures are significant because of the fact that before
train, it is imperative to completely analyze the overall feasibility of the project so that in the
near future the budget can be saved from the contingent liabilities.
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Council) in joint collaboration with a Dubai based group has offered akistan Railways to
operate their own container coaches between Karachi and Lahore in cargo operations. R
currently has only a four per cent share of the total freight business activity; the scope is
tremendous and opportunities for growth are unlimited as akistan is becoming a business
hub between Europe, Central and Middle East in the coming years. The volume of business
can be doubled in no time as there is great demand from the business community of akistan
to increase the number of fast cargo wagons from Karachi downwards. As a matter of fact
Migh capacity express container trains have been introduced, which operates daily between
12- This policy was initiated by akistan Railways to improve the efficiency
and overall business opportunity of the organization. According to this policy the private
parties can operate their own rolling stock while paying track access charges to Railways; this
would basically bring in some extra money in addition to the fact that these foreign
Islamabad and Mughalpora Workshop Lahore. This would not only save the foreign exchange
but also provide financial gains to Railways which is already involved in manufacturing of
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akistan ôailways & akistan ost 1 - akistan Railways and akistan ost signed an
agreement under which akistan ost will book railway tickets and seats in 16 cities of the
country; with the passage of time this facility would be extended to the whole country.
ôailway Ministry is trying to improve train food 14- akistan Railways has decided to contact
owners of renowned restaurants to serve food on major trains at subsidized rates and has sent
a proposal in this regard to the rime Minister·s secretariat for approval. akistan Railways
Advisory and Consultancy Services ( RACS) is currently responsible for managing food
services on almost all major trains. Railways authorities have warned RACS several times that
if they do not improve the standard of food and service R would award the tender to
restaurants or caterers. The ministry has now proposed that RACS will handle the catering but
would get the foodstuff from elsewhere in order to improve the overall quality of food.
Ministry allows Mobilink to install CO͛s at railway stations 15- akistan Railways has allowed
Mobilink to operate and install C facility at railway stations across the country on urgent
basis as they have realized that it is unjustified to deprive over 80 million passengers and their
relatives who visit railway stations throughout the year, of this facility which makes them
communicate on cheaper rates. Mobile Cs would also be introduced in near future enabling
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The rail supply industry has successfully adapted to changing market conditions arising from
deregulation, market concentration and globalization. Today, the worldwide market for rail
technology represents a business volume of EUR 10 . billion. 70% of the overall market is
accessible to suppliers; the rest is work conducted by rail companies or municipal public
transport authorities themselves. ver the next ten years, the rail industry is expected to grow
at a real growth rate of 2% per year. The most important growth markets will be Eastern
Europe, CIS and Asia acific.), the continuing liberalization of the rail market as well as
railway maintenance needs will create new opportunities for the supply industry. According to
a study commissioned by UNIEF (Association of the European Railway Industries) 16the markets
of 41 countries have been analyzed, the analysis represents approximately 1.5 million
The industry was strong in the past and is currently showing positive trends as well. According
European Railway Industries (UNIFE), the total world market for the rail supply industry is
estimated at EUR 10 billion, with an expected annual growth of between 1.5% and 2.0%1
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There certainly exist excellent market prospects for mass transit and mainline systems as this
particular industry is playing a major role in the world economy as mentioned above earlier.
There are various reasons as to why the growth rate of 2% has been quoted, a few of them are
mentioned below:
½c Growing rail traffic volume will play a role, as will heavy urbanization and economic
economies
½c 50% of the world's population today lives in urban areas. By 2020 this proportion will
have increased to 60% (in Europe it is already 75%)Strong need for mass transit systems
½c For travel times of less than 4 hours, high speed trains are more frequently used than
airlines
½c Migh-speed rail traffic in Europe has tripled in the last ten years
These figures definitely highlight the fact that a practical step has to be taken by all the
countries to cater to this future need and that great business opportunities exist for the
Markets in Eastern Europe, CIS and Asia are showing the strongest growth. Within the next
few years, these markets are expected to see annual growth exceeding %. This can be
explained by the economic and population growth in these regions, where the rail
infrastructure is outdated or underdeveloped. For example, China is the clear forerunner and
In Western Europe and the NAFTA countries (US, Canada, Mexico), where the rail network
and rolling stock are well developed and firmly established, markets remain important because
of their sheer absolute volume. Despite low annual growth rates that hover between 0.5 and
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1%, Western Europe remains the rail supply industry's biggest market, accounting for 2%
Western European market, with annual growth rates of %. The service, rolling stock
and passenger car segments are also growing at above-average rates. The NAFTA region
The development of particular segments in individual countries and regions will vary
economic growth also affects development. Not surprisingly, the markets with the fastest
growth rates are the mainline superstructure in Asia, locomotives in CIS and Eastern Europe,
and metro rolling stock in Asia. Whilst rolling stock will grow strongly in Eastern Europe over
The existing installed base in the 41countries analyzed in detail comprises 4.1 million units of
rolling stock and 1.5 million km of track ² twice to the moon and back. Upkeep ² maintaining
and replacing existing systems at the end of their useful lifespan ² is, and will remain, a key
factor driving the rail supply market. Services ² relating both the rolling stock and
infrastructure ² account for almost half of the total market. Furthermore, around 70% of
annual deliveries of rolling stock (for infrastructure even 80%) is as replacement rather than
Europe, NAFTA and the Asia/ acific region are the key markets today (see picture 2). Yet this is
States (CIS) will gain importance in the coming years. Western Europe, although growing at
rail market. NAFTA, with its impressive services market, is in second place. Mowever,
Asia is expected to show higher growth rates, thanks to rapid development in this region. Rail
suppliers are companies that manufacture and service all the systems, sub- systems and
components used in modern urban, conventional and high-speed systems, including rail
infrastructure, rolling stock, and signal and telecommunication systems. While a handful of
multinational suppliers dominate the headlines, the sector is shaped equally by the thousands
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A Survey was conducted with a sample size of 60 students from various universities; the
sample size included male and females within the age bracket of 19 to 25 years of age.
When asked about the opinion of the students on what factors may act as a threat to the
feasibility of bullet train in akistan, the below mentioned were the factors underlined by the
students:
p.c Infrastructure
3.c Demand
4.c Affordability
5.c Terrorism
From a total of 60 students 57% believed that infrastructure was a major threat whereas 5%
said that the government policies would create hindrances. 10% believed that affordability
with reference to the customer·s is going to be a major threat while 28% students believed that
the current political situation with reference to terrorism would make the project unfeasible to
take up in akistan. It is important to note that 0% out of the 60 students believed that there
existed no demand for the train; all of them believed that there was a gap between the supply
Another question was asked about whether Siemens should personally look after and supervise
the bullet train project or should the government of akistan be given the responsibility. In
answer to that 60% of the students voted for Siemens whereas 2% of them said that the
government of akistan should be given the responsibility; it should also be noted that 8% of
the students suggested that the project should be handed over to China.
%
%
%
%
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train we asked them if according to them it was possible to take such an initiative. 5o%
of the students agreed whereas 0% negated any chances of such a project being initiated in
akistan; 20% were not sure about the possibility or impossibility of the project.
% %
%
%
To analyze the importance of different national routes on which the service could possibly be
introduced; another question was asked. 47% of the students would prefer to go to Lahore,
29% would like to go to Karachi, and 4% to eshawar, 4% to Quetta and 16% would like to
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%
%
% %
%
We first surveyed the sample size on the fact that how many of the total number of students
actually travel by train and with what frequency. 45% of them travelled rarely, 29% travelled
occasionally, 16% were frequent while 10% of the students did not ever travel by a train.
%
%
%
After analyzing the percentage of people travelling by train we set out to determine the
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preferences of these students with reference to the mode of transport while travelling on
them wanted to travel using their personal conveyance; 21% availed the services of bus
%
%
%
%
The same survey was conducted with a sample size of 50 individuals forming the different
population; the individual survey were mix of male and females in the age bracket of 0 to 55
years with a pay scale ranging from Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 70,000
According to these figures it can be predominantly analyzed that 88% of the population in this
segment preferred Siemens over the government of akistan when it came to the supervision of
the entire project. There was no individual voting for china as the project supervisor.
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%
% %
%
The introduction of bullet train is feasible according to 8% of the population of this particular
not; 24% believe that it is not in any case possible for such a project to be initiated in akistan.
% %
%
62% of the people would prefer to travel to Lahore by the train, whereas only 25% of them
would like to travel to Karachi via the railway service. There were 1 % who opted for the route
of eshawar while none of them wished to travel to Quetta or all the cities through this service.
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% %
%
%
%
This trend shows that 89% of this population rarely users the services of akistan Railways,
with 5% people travelling occasionally, 4% frequently and 2% of the people have never
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% %
%
%
The mode of transport normally preferred while travelling on national routes is the airplane
with percentage of 72% whereas 28% of the population prefers to travel by their personal
conveyance. 0% of the people from this sample size wish to take a bus or train.
% %
%
%
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In order to find out the degree of brand loyalty the consumers generally have toward the
existing services of akistan Railways, we carried out another survey in which we asked our
prospective consumers about which mode of transport they would prefer travelling on for the
national routes. 62% of the entire population size of the first sample would prefer using the
train whereas 72% population from sample 2 would use the service of the high speed train if
available.
reference to the fact that if Siemens would be a viable option for supervising and implementing
the project. This survey also gave us a good feedback, we found out that Siemens is a brand
well known to a majority of buyers and their services are rated as very good if compared to
that of the Chinese manufacturers by the majority of our consumers; 8% of the population
from sample 1 did not want the project to be handed over to China which is a clear signal to
the fact that they understand that Siemens would be n appropriate option as they provide
quality services. Mence these surveys gave us a go sign to carry on with the plan.
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SEGMENAIN
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visiting their relatives. For example, their sales of the high speed train service would increase
in summers as people with children get the only time for recreation in summers because of the
summer vacations of their children. Further, people from Rawalpindi & Islamabad often visit
customers, regular customers and potential customers. The high speed train service would
definitely have various set of customers ranging from the everyday commuters to the
individuals.
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INME LEVEL
As the rates of the resort are high as compared to the existing hotels in Murree, except
for C Bhurban, therefore only the higher income group can afford their services, Room rates
range from Rs. 4000-6000 per night. Similarly food rates are also high and for the serving of
SIAL LASS
The management of the resort is looking for sophisticated and educated customers in order to
maintain the top-quality standards of environment that the resort is providing. The Service
would target people who want to enjoy their journey in a peaceful & time efficient atmosphere.
YE F SME S
The customers coming to the Motel are mainly divided into two major groups i.e. corporate and
non-corporate customers. Corporate customers are those who come as delegates for
conferences or recreation. And would also include the population from different working
segments of our society, Non-corporate customers include students, families and anyone who
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fast running horse. This is due to the localized name and religious attachment Muslims have to
BURAQ.
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The transport industry plays a very important role for the economy. For businesses the sector is
important so that goods can be moved from one place to another. For example, the raw materials can be
transported from where they are produced to the factory site where they will be converted into finished
products. Indeed, some businesses such as TCS and CS are responsible to deliver cargo and other
deliverables from one customer to another at the lowest possible time so that the deliverables can be
reached faster. Then there are people who need to travel for different purposes, either for business or
For the railway industry, and particularly for the Lahore-Islamabad route, there are various competitors
that are present in the market. It is very important to analyze these competitors and what they are doing
to facilitate the customers in order to come up with a better and more appreciable service. Secondly, as
a high-speed train project requires a huge financial investment in the development of the infrastructure
as well as the cost getting the superior technology, Siemens needs to manage these prospects affectively.
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Now there are two kinds of competitors that are present in the market. ne is the direct competitor and
the other are indirect competitors. In the transport industry the following will be the direct competitors
I E MEI S
Express and Yon-express Trains
At present the trains are being run by akistan Railways under the monitoring of the Ministry of
Railways. assenger traffic accounts for about 50% of the total railway traffic.
There are currently two trains that have the speed such that they are able to cover the indi-Lahore
½c ubak ôaftar express: which leaves ahore at 7.45 am and reaches at p2.30 pm
It is to be noted that all these fast trains are travelling only at one time from Lahore to Rawalpindi and
in turn one time from Rawalpindi to Lahore. Apart from that there are various other trains that are
being used for passengers to travel from Lahore to Rawalpindi route the journey varies to 5 to 8 hours.
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Express M
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AM AM M
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Express
Frequent trips
Currently there are about 16 trains that travel from the Rawalpindi to Lahore journey. This leads to
ower costs
Compared to other modes of travel for Quality conscious customers, the rail travel provides
comparatively lesser costs for the customers. The parlor cars are having comfortable seats. Secondly, the
Chinese trains are also providing the customers with better services than before, with free lunch boxes
and drinks.
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Miscellaneous
Another advantage specially associated with this type of travel is the washroom facility
available on the train. This aspect is very important for many people when choosing their travel.
Especially for those mothers who have small babies to take care off and certain patients who suffer from
health problems.
Secondly, certain snack items and even meals can also be purchased in the train and some even offer to
The view also plays a role for many people especially when they travel in the morning time as they are
Trains are more efficient in fuel consumption in per passenger per kilometer travel than in fuel
consumption Well established high speed rail systems in use today are more environmentally friendly
[eaknesses
The weakness that is associated with the system is lower quality compared to other services such as
Secondly, most of the trains are taking longer time to reach to specific places about 5-6hours on
average. The railway industry in akistan compared to China the locomotives are 1/8 times productive
and 1/ time to that of India .The R has a very low and stagnant market share, carrying less than 10
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oad ransport
According to the statistics put forward by the World Bank, road travel was currently the most
frequent mode of travel being used not only for passenger travel purposes but also to transport goods
from one place to another. Currently road travel in akistan carries about 80% of the total traffic. Due
to developments in the improvement of the infrastructure there has been an increase in transport and
now it is catering to almost 90% of the total passenger traffic and 96% of the Freight traffic which
means that the other modes of travel have very less market share.
motorways lies with NMA. The objectives of NMA is the development, management of operations,
maintenance and planning of the particular networks. ver the past NMA has been engaged in the
Lanes.
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NMA is managing % of the total entire road network and about 75% of the country·s road traffic.
As our focus is on the Rawalpindi- Lahore Motorway route, we would focus our attention to the Motor
Way M2. ther projects being carried out by NMA is National Mighway Improvement rogramme
The motorway was developed in 1996. The network has basically 6 lanes and provides exits to various
other cities that come between Lahore and Islamabad. The motorway was developed by Daewoo at a
The major passenger travel service is being offered by Daewoo which is availed by the middle and
upper middle class. Mowever other players are also present in the market such as buses of Niazi, New
Khan and Skyways that are being used by the lower class segments.
Apart from the fuel prices that the customers pay while travelling in their own cars, the customers have
to pay toll taxes when they use the motor way (Given below)
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Vehicle Ýype
Car, Îeep, Land Cruiser/ ajero, Suzuki Van/ ick up or Equivalent Details Rs.
15/-
Wagons (upto 12 Seats), ick up all types modified to carry Details Rs.
passengers (Ýoyota Milux single/ double Cabin), Milk Ýrucks Ý- 000 25/-
and equivalent.
Coasters, Mini Buses (upto 24 Seats), 1 -24 seats Coaster Mini Bus Details Rs.
built on Ý- 500 Mazda Chassis (upto 24 seats) and Mini Ýruck / 25/-
40/-
50/-
100/-
provided by Daewoo. For the Lahore to Rawalpindi route there are currently travel 5 times daily, with
average seating capacity of about 40 seats. The service is extremely popular for the Lahore ²
Rawalpindi route mainly because of the security it offers along with the good service. SIEMENS
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IMINGS F EA E
As the bus leaves on average after every half an hour it increases the convenience of the
customers. Mostly the buses reach and depart at time but it depends on the traffic in the cities to which
there have been instances when the journey takes about 5 hours than the scheduled time of 4. 0 hours.
over points along the journey where passengers can use washrooms and get meals. Furthermore they
also provide head phones and have LCDs where movies are played.
Another service that they offer is for those who have to travel to Islamabad. The bus stops over and
moves from the G7 sector of Islamabad and the charges are mere Rs 20.
IKE IE
The ticket price for the normal bus is about Rs480 for the Lahore Rawalpindi route while the recently
started Royal Decker buses cost about Rs 75022. This is because of more comfortable seats and better
Trucks speed are slower when compared to those in Europe hence it means that they take longer hours
to reach which inturn means that the goods take a very long time to travel from one place to another.
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modes of transport, with the increase in the number of cars travelling and lesser
Furthermore, construction of roads due to rapid urbanization and growth in population has resulted in
AI AVEL
akistan has currently about 6 operational airports across the country. IA is the national carrier but
other airlines are also present in the market. There are currently about more private airlines apart from
IA which are Air Blue, Shaheen Airways and Aero Asia. All the airlines are covering the Lahore to
Islamabad route
Islamabad route. Mence, it is only IA that is travelling on this route which in turn means limited option
This is a very interesting fact that we came across with. For time conscious customers the airline
IA
It is currently the only available airline that is catering to the Rawalpindi-Lahore route. It Travels on the
Lahore Islamabad route about 5 times daily, the ticket price is about Rs 7500 but it is subject to change.
rawbacks
There is still a major potential in akistan for the air travel industry and according to we
sources the CAA should encourage commercialization and increase competition within the industry.
The major drawback compared to other modes of transport is that air travel is extremely expensive. The
tickets for the Islamabad Karachi route is similar to that of Karachi Dubai
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Since road travel accounts for the maximum portion of traffic and hence even earnings, there is
considerable need to develop further the infrastructure to develop the passenger traffic. Recent
programs undertaken by authorities like NMA and NAS AC has resulted in tremendous improvement in
the road travelling sector. The major threat that will be present for the bullet train is the competition
from Daewoo. As mentioned earlier, there is increased customer reliance on the services of Daewoo in
road travel. There are other buses two private and local that travel on the route and competition exists
for those customers who are not price sensitive and like mentioned earlier this is not our target market.
In air travel, competition exists from the only airline that travels in the Lahore-Islamabad route and
that is IA. As the price of the tickets are extremely high and the time also comparable to that will be
Coming towards the direct competitors, the akistan Railways although providing frequent travel
options throughout the day and improved services in the future can be a threat for the Bullet train
service. Still it is incomparable in terms of the time that it takes to travel the distance.
When compared to air travel rail schedule fewer weather disruptions, and at times the time can also
become comparable. This is because, for air travel you need to be at the airport at least an hour before
the flight take off, apart from the time taken to travel.
In car travel you can travel any time you want to and reach the exact destination. Rail travel has
specific time and u need to take a taxi to travel from the station to the destination
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the train to run. This means that for rail travel a high amount of investment will be required
will be possible to travel to places earliest and also at a cheaper cost than a plane. They can avail the
facility to attend business meetings in other cities much more conveniently. For businesses, the freight
can be delivered at a much lesser time therefore orders can be managed and cost effectiveness earned.
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Comparison of pollution caused by high-speed railways compared to road and air travel
Research was carried out by that compared the emission of various pollutants in UK in 2001. The
research focused on f main emissions namely M10, MC, and Nx and S2. It was noted that
car transport has very much higher emissions of M10, C, MC, and Nx than either rail or air.
Domestic aircraft and cars have similar emissions of S2, though both lower than rail. Cars have
similar C2 emissions to domestic aircraft on longer flights, but lower C2 emissions on shorter trips.
When compared with the air travel the Carbon Dioxide emission in aircrafts during landing and take-
off is the same regardless of the journey travel, hence it means more emissions in shorter journeys than
longer ones. Domestic aircraft have emissions of 200- 00 gC2/passenger km compared to around 40
n the other hand, S2 emissions of high speed rail are greater when compared to the aircraft.
Emissions of S2 will be greater for aircrafts in shorter journeys than high-speed rail and vice-versa
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24
S ENGS
ime Efficiency ² ur complete journey time would be approximately 1 hr 10 minutes
Existing Expertise - New trains with Siemens technology rolled out in Mumbai and their
onsumer reference ² According to the customer analysis conducted 88% of the first
sample wanted Siemens to supervise the project whereas 60% of the population of the second
sample also voted n favor of the company; it should also be noted that 8% of the population
insisted that China should not be an option considered by the government for such an
extensive project.
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short span of time, this will increase the efficiency of the businesses and in turn be
WEAKNESSES
erall cost ² The whole set up would be very expensive and with reference to Chinas
availability as an option, akistan could always give preference to the lowest bidder. The
current challenge that Siemens had faced was because of the fact that China had recently taken
No Existing Infrastructure ² The organization would definitely have to start from the
scratch when it comes to the infrastructure as no such project has been earlier undertaken and
implemented apart from the LMTR which would reach into its completion stages by 2015 and
the infrastructure developed by them would be different comparatively in addition to the fact
that the service would be available only within the vicinity of Lahore
½c Migh cost
½c Expensive
EAS
½c olitical instability can actually render the project void; for example the bullet train
project initiated during the Nawaz Sharif regime was cancelled as soon as he was taken
½c The current Electricity/Gas crisis has made the life of the entire population miserable,
various small and large businesses have been affected; therefore this energy crisis may
½c China could act as a major threat with reference to the bidding price as they would
possible charge the lowest price in case the project reaches the bidding stage.
½c Delay in the project acceptability would bring about a substantial increase in the
overall cost of the project; the current feasibility would no longer be applicable then
and a new report will have to be worked upon from the scratch. For example in the
1990s in the Kalabag Dam project feasibility report, the costs calculated were doubled
in the next 20 years when the project was being critically examined with reference to
the implementation.
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NIIES
½c Growing Needs of the economy of akistan in general and the growing
½c Time is an environmental factor that can be cashed upon as none of the existing
services have been able to bring a balance in the time and the price of the services
being provided.
would be the first international brand to enter akistan with reference to the bullet
train.
½c The news of privatization of akistan Railways has been spreading like fire; Siemens can
½c Due to the pen Track olicy being initiated by the government for akistan, Siemens
can jump in for the partnership in providing these freight services in the country.
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consumption Well established high speed rail systems in use today are more environmentally
friendly than air or road travel. This is due the following factors
When compared to air travel rail schedule fewer weather disruptions, and at times the time
can also become comparable. This is because, for air travel you need to be at the airport at least
an hour before the flight take off, apart from the time taken to travel.
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S EFFEIVENESS
Keeping the infrastructure costs aside high speed trains are more cost effective than normal
The staff is usually paid per hour therefore less pay would have to be given out to them. The
revenue is based on the distance traveled, which would in turn increase the revenue to cost
ratio because the customers will have to pay for the distance that they travel, and the reduced
time would in turn mean lesser pay given out to the employees hence the revenue to cost ratio
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paying a higher fare hence expecting good service for which training of the staff
would have to be undertaken to improve the interaction with the customers. This cost would
also be in turn paid off, because revenues as the price of the ticket will be comparatively higher
than when compared to normal trains out of the value that the customers get.
IME EIN
By reducing the time of travel it will benefit both the businesses and the passengers. For
passengers, it will be possible to travel to places earliest and also at a cheaper cost than a plane.
They can avail the facility to attend business meetings in other cities much more conveniently.
For businesses, the freight can be delivered at a much lesser time therefore orders can be
managed and cost effectiveness earned. It will in turn make the industry more competent.
ISAVANAGES
In car travel you can travel any time you want to and reach the exact destination. Rail travel
has specific time and u need to take a taxi to travel from the station to the destination
Like a road is required for the car to run, proper infrastructure and planning is required for
the train to run. This means that for rail travel a high amount of investment will be required
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olicies of host countries have an important influence on foreign investment decisions. Most
countries can adopt policies of stimulating foreign investment or they can restrict foreign
participation in their economies in various ways. Most country policies and policy
and thereby the amount of investment of these companies. In addition, host country policies
akistan was basically an agricultural economy upon its independence in 1947. Its industrial
capacity was negligible for processing locally produced agricultural raw material. This made it
order to achieve this objective, however, changing types of industrial policies have been
implemented in different times with a changing focus on either the private sector or the public
sector. During the 1960s, government policies were aimed at encouraging the private sector
while during the 1970s; the public sector was given the dominant role. In the 1980s and
1990s, the private sector was again assigned a leading role. Especially during the decade of the
1990s, akistan adopted liberal, market-oriented policies and declared the private sector the
engine of economic growth. Moreover, akistan has also offered an attractive package of
The private sector was the main vehicle for industrial investment during the 1950s and the
1960s and the involvement of the public sector was restricted to three out of 27 basic
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industries.5 It was also set that in the event of private capital not forthcoming for the
set up a limited number of standard units. By the late 1960s the economy was largely
dominated by the private sector in important areas like banking, insurance, certain basic
industries, and international trade in major commodities.6 The services sector was reserved for
local investors. Foreign investment was not allowed in the field of banking, insurance, and
commerce.
n 1 Îanuary 1972, the G issued an Economic Reforms rder taking over the management
and insurance companies. In 1975 there was another round of nationalization of small-sized
agro processing units. The sudden shift toward nationalization of private sector industrial units
shattered private investors· confidence. At the same time there was also acceleration in the
direct investment by the public sector in new industries ranging from the basic manufacture of
steel to the production of garments and breads. The status of the public sector as a catalyst and
gap filler in the 1950s and 1960s changed to that of repository of the $commanding heightsµ
of the economy (see Government of akistan 1984). All foreign investment was, however,
After the dismal performance of the industrial sector following the 1972 nationalization, a
change occurred in September 1978 in the government·s approach toward the role of the
public and private sectors. The role of the public sector was restricted to consolidating existing
enterprises, and further investment in this sector was strictly restricted. The role of the public
sector was elaborated in the industrial policy statement enunciated in Îune 1984. The
statement reiterated that the government would continue to pursue a pattern of a mixed
economy, with the private and public sector reinforcing each other. At the same time it
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admitted that the public sector had established its managerial and entrepreneurial foundations
between the public and private sectors. Industries like steel, fertilizer, cement,
petroleum refining and petrochemicals, and automotive equipment engineering were still in
the realm of the public sector. The private sector was, however, permitted to participate in
these fields as these were not an exclusive preserve of the public sector anymore.
The industrial policy statement of 1984 not only accorded equal importance to the public and
private sectors but also encouraged the private sector to come forward. Mowever, the process
of privatization was not initiated. Mad this been initiated, akistan might have attracted a
considerable amount of foreign direct investment in subsequent periods. The public sector
retained its role in major industrial areas, which obviously discouraged the inflows of FDI. The
procedure for obtaining permission to set up an industry was somewhat restrictive. The
government sanction for some categories of investment was considered essential to ensure that
the major projects of national significance or in need of government·s pricing policy and other
support measures were established with government knowledge and involvement. The
government·s sanction was required for setting up projects in the following categories:
(i) Industries specified for reasons of overcapacity; price regulation; and implementation of a
(iv) rojects requiring cash foreign exchange of more than Rs 50 million equivalents for plant
and machinery
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(vi) rojects in which more than 60% of the raw material was importable, provided the
value of each import exceeded 20% of the total investment in fixed assets
The industries included in the above categories required the clearance of the Central
Investment romotion Committee (CI C) and the approval of the Federal Government. The
above-mentioned restrictions and the need to obtain permission for setting up an industry in
these areas where applicable to both local and foreign investors. In addition to this, all project
proposals involving foreign investment required government approval and were required to be
filed in the first instance with the Investment romotion Bureau (I B). Foreign private
investment was encouraged in the form of joint equity participation with local investors and in
the areas where advanced technology, managerial and technical skills, and marketing
expertise were involved. Adequate legal framework for foreign investment was provided
through the Foreign rivate Investment ( romotion and rotection) Act 1976. This Act
provided for security against expropriation and adequate compensation for acquisition. The
Act also guaranteed the remittance of profit and capital, remittance of appreciation of capital
investment, and relief from double taxation for countries with which akistan had agreement
on avoidance of double taxation. Foreign investment was also encouraged in industrial projects
involving advanced technology and heavy capital outlay like engineering, basic chemicals,
rocessing Zone (E Z) was set up in Karachi. Apart from foreign investors, overseas akistanis
basis. The concessions and facilities offered by the E Z included duty-free imports and exports
origin of the funds for investment and were allowed to bring secondhand machinery
without any surveyor certificate. Despite these incentives, the highly regulated nature of
akistan·s economy proved a deterrent to the inflows of FDI. Specifically, FDI was discouraged
by:
(i) significant public ownership, strict industrial licensing, and price controls by the G ;
(ii) the inefficient financial sector with mostly public ownership, directed credits, and
(iii) a noncompetitive and distorting trade regime with import licensing, bans, and high tariffs.
akistan began to implement a more liberal foreign investment policy as part of its overall
economic reform program toward the end of the 1980s. Accordingly, a new industrial policy
package was introduced in 1989 based on the recognition of the primacy of the private sector.
A number of policy and regulatory measures were taken to improve the business environment
in general and attract FDI in particular. A Board of Investment (BI), attached to the rime
Minister's Secretariat, was set up to help generate opportunities for FDI and provide investment
industries.
The basic rules on foreign investment as stated above were laid down in the Foreign rivate
Investment ( romotion and rotection) Act 1976. riginally, each foreign investment was
subject to separate authorization, but this requirement was eliminated in May 1991. In
general, no special registration was required for FDI, and the same rules and regulations were
applied to FDI as to domestic investors. The requirement for government approval of foreign
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investment was removed with the exception of a few industries such as arms and ammunition,
alcoholic beverages (in fact, these industries were also closed to domestic private
investors). In all industrial sectors other than those indicated above, not only foreign equity
participation of up to 100% was allowed but also, foreign investors can purchase equity in
investment was excluded from agricultural land; forestry; irrigation; and real estate including
land, housing, and commercial activities. All investors, whether domestic or foreign, were
for location of their projects. Thus, the physical location of the investment was effectively
controlled by the provincial governments, which was considered a major bottleneck in speedy
industrialization. At present, an NC is only required for foreign investment in areas that are
in the negative list of the relevant provincial government. There are only a small number of
In the past, investors (domestic and foreign) were not free to negotiate the terms and
conditions of payment of royalty and technical fees suited to the requirements of foreign
collaborators for technology transfer. The government, therefore, streamlined the procedures
and investors are now free to negotiate the terms of conditions suited to them as well as
important measures taken recently by the government affecting FDI has been the liberalization
of the foreign exchange regime. Residents and nonresident akistanis and foreigners are now
allowed to bring in, possess, and take out foreign currency, and to open accounts and hold
certificates on foreign currency. Foreigners using foreign exchange have now access to the
capital market. For example, no permission is required to issue shares of akistani companies
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to foreign investors, unless they belong to industries included in the Specified List. To further
effective 1 Îuly 1994. The ceiling earlier imposed on contracting foreign loans has been
abolished. ermission of the Federal Government or the SB would not be required regarding
interest rate or payment period of foreign loans not guaranteed by the Government of akistan.
Foreign currency account holders are now also allowed to obtain rupee loans collateralized
The government has also enacted an extensive set of investment incentives including credit
exporting 50% or more of their production can now borrow working capital without any limit.
ther foreign-controlled manufacturing companies including those not exporting and selling
in the domestic market can borrow rupee loans equal to their equity without prior permission
of the SB . rior permission of SB is also not required for raising domestic credit to meet fixed
investment requirement.
A number of fiscal incentives include a three-year tax holiday to all industries throughout
akistan set up between 1 December 1990 and 0 Îune 1995. Investments in delineated rural
areas, industrial zones, and less developed areas enjoy five and eight years tax holiday
respectively, together with special custom duty and sales tax concessions. The import policy
has also been liberalized considerably, and the maximum tariff rate has been reduced from
nontariff barriers have been removed, and the negative and prohibited lists of imports have
also been reduced (see BI 1995b).11 Export incentives have also been broadened. The highly
cumbersome duty-drawback system is being replaced with a scheme whereby 80% of the
duty-drawback is paid automatically within three days to the firm, and the remaining 20% is
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paid within one week after inquiry. The visa policy of akistan has been modified to make it
permit for foreign managerial and technical personnel for gainful employment/occupation in
private firms in akistan. Special industrial zones (SIZs) have been set up to attract foreign
abroad are also eligible to invest in SIZs. The government is responsible for providing the
necessary infrastructure and utility services in the SIZs. Investment in SIZs is exempted from
existing labor laws of the country. Mefty fiscal incentives are given to foreign investors in the
SIZs, which include income tax holiday for a period of 10 years provided the plant commences
commercial operation as of 0 Îune 1999; duty-free imports of plant and machinery not
manufactured locally; and tax exemption on capital gains, to the extent of the foreign equity
share, for a period of five years from the inception of the venture.
(Article 24) as well as through specific laws. Section 8 of the rotection of Economic
Reforms Act 1992 provides legal cover to foreign investment in akistan. Beside these statutory
obtaining insurance cover against noncommercial risks. akistan is a top beneficiary of the
MIGA investment cover. MIGA has provided akistan with 9.4% of its investment insurance
facilities, the highest among other developing countries. In November 1997, the government
issued the New Investment olicy which includes major policy initiatives. In the past, foreign
investment was restricted to the manufacturing sector. Now foreign investment is allowed in
sectors like agriculture and services, which constitute above three fourths of gross national
product. The main objective of the new policy is to enhance the level of foreign investment in
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the fields of industrial base expansion, infrastructure and software development, electronics,
(iv) For social sector and infrastructure projects, joint venture is waived (100% foreign equity
may be allowed).
The manufacturing sector has also been prioritized into four categories:
(iv) agro-based industries. The tariff on imported plant, machinery, and equipment ( ME) that
are not manufactured locally for categories (i), (ii), and agriculture is zero while that for
categories (iii),
(iv), and social services will be charged 10%. First year allowance of cost of ME would be
available at 90% for (i) and (ii), at 75% for categories (iii) and (iv), and at 50% for other
industries. Reinvestment allowance for expansion would be allowed at 50% of cost of ME.
investors, akistan still faces serious problems as far as implementation of foreign investment
pro-business policies and inducement used to attract prospective new investors are
somehow weak given realities when they actually begin to set up and operate their business in
akistan.
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The success of FDI policies can be judged by the size of the inflows of capital. akistan has been
making efforts to attract FDI and such efforts have been intensified with the advent of
deregulation, privatization, and liberalization policies initiated at the end of the 1980s. The
amount of foreign investment rose from a tiny $10.7 million in 1976/1977 to $1296 million
in 1995/1996, thus growing at the annual compound growth rate of 25.7 percent. Mowever,
it declined to $950 million in 1996/1997. With the beginning of the overall liberalization
program (1991/1992 onwards) the inflow of foreign investment grew at the compound
growth rate of 15.2 percent. Investment inflows in 1995/1996 increased by 9 . % mainly due
Although significant by absolute terms, the increase appears trivial when compared to the
relatively more buoyant economies of East and Southeast Asia. While FDI flows to all
developing countries reached $150 billion in 1997, East and Southeast Asia received the bulk
of this share. Total foreign investment consists of direct and portfolio investment. rior to
1991/ 1992, portfolio investment has not only been low but also exhibited a fluctuating trend.
crossed the $1.0 billion mark in 1994/1995. This impressive increase does not reflect the true
picture of the trends in portfolio investment witnessed during the post-liberalization period. If
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the $862.2 million sale of akistan Telecommunications Corporation ( TC) vouchers, which
during 1991/ 1992 to 1995/1996 as against an average flows of only $9.0 million prior to
Foreign participation appears to be the major factor responsible for the increase in portfolio
investment in the 1990s. The decline in international interest rates was also important in
portfolio funds were created that were invested in emerging capital markets seeking for better
returns. akistan was among the first countries in emerging markets to take measures to open
up its stock markets to foreign investors. Mowever, in relation to the total flows directed to
developing countries, interest in akistan has been very modest. ortfolio inflows, because of
their inherently volatile nature, have proved to be reversible more than other forms in
developing countries. Their potential volatility is great in akistan as well since portfolio
investment in akistan is directed mainly toward short-term and some medium-term public
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akistan·s track record in maintaining consistent economic policies has been poor. The abrupt
changes in policies with a change in government as well as a change in policy within the
tenure of a government have been quite common. ressures to raise revenues (for fiscal
investment and industrialization policies, and an ad hoc and changing incentive system.
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akistan·s GD growth rate has consistently averaged 6 percent plus during the last four years
reaching 8.4 percent in the last fiscal year, per capita incomes have shot up to almost US$850,
the incidence of poverty has declined from 4 percent to 25 percent, unemployment rate has
gone down to 6.2 percent and the size of the economy has doubled to $1 0 billion. Large scale
manufacturing has grown in double digits and the cumulative private sector credit by banking
system in last three years was more than $15 billion compared to less than $10 billion in the
previous ten years. These facts, when revealed, come either as shock, surprise or disbelief to
most observers.
n the external front, akistan successfully entered international capital markets in early 2004
and has received enthusiastic response every year since then. Every single sovereign bond issue
was oversubscribed several times and the pricing was better than that of investment grade
countries. This was a country on the verge of default in May 1998 and had been put in
selective default category by S& and Moody·s. Today akistan·s international credit rating is
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Ba2 ² only three notches below investment grade. In 2006 akistan was able to raise more
pricing and these bonds were heavily oversubscribed. Trade ² GD ratio has reached
8 percent ² one of the highest in South Asia region. Exports have doubled in U.S. dollar terms
FDI flows have been rising every year and amounted to more than $ billion or 2. percent of
GD ² the highest in South Asia. rivate capital flows in form of workers· remittances and
other current transfers are touching $9 billion annually. External debt and liabilities as ratio of
exchange earnings down to 125 percent from almost 00 percent six years ago. The myth that
akistan is highly dependent upon official foreign assistance and particularly that from U.S.
can be gauged from the fact that less than 9 percent of country·s foreign exchange income is
derived from official aid. DA per capita is only $8 or 1% of Gross National income. Forex
reserves have risen from $1 billion in 1999-2000 to $1 billion in May 2006 representing
f course, this exceptional economic performance in a short period of six and a half years has
given rise to some new challenges. Inflation which was subdued at 4 percent or less in the first
four years of economic recovery has accelerated to 8 percent this year. Current account which
was surplus for the last three years has turned into a deficit of almost 4 percent of GD due to
oil price shock and almost 50 percent increase in imports of machinery and equipment.
Income in-equalities have begun to surface as the upper income and middle income groups
have benefited disproportionately from the consumer boom in autos, consumer electronics,
real estate and stock market. Îust to give you one indicator-the domestic production of
automobiles has jumped from 0,000 in 1999-00 to 200,000 cars this year. In addition
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continued under the Benazir Government, and further intensified under the Musharraf
Government. Thus, there is a wide political consensus and support for privatization because of
an underlying philosophy that the Government should not be in the business of running
businesses but regulating the markets and laying down policies. akistan·s record on
privatization has been impressive and this has helped in stopping the hemorrhaging of public
finances and easing the pressures on fiscal deficit. akistan·s proceeds from privatization of
banks, telecom, steel and other public enterprises were about $ billion in the last few years.
Financial sector reforms in akistan were also initiated early in the 1990s when new banking
licenses were granted to private domestic banks to set up their shops along with the
nationalized commercial banks and foreign banks. Although these reforms were implemented
with fits and start, they were accelerated in 1997 when the Nawaz Sharif Government brought
in professional managers and boards of directors consisting of reputable persons from the
private sector to manage and oversee the nationalized commercial banks. The Central Bank
was granted autonomy and the control of the Ministry of Finance over banking institutions was
diluted. Excess labor was shed off through voluntary golden hand shake schemes and
unprofitable branches were closed down. Further reforms were undertaken since 1999 when
net non-performing loans of the banking system were brought down to less than percent of
total advances and loans, minimum Capital requirements were raised to $100 million, the
quality of new loans was improved, mergers and consolidation of financial institutions
eliminated a number of weaker players and the range of products and services offered by the
banks was widened. But the most crucial policy action taken by the Government, in my view,
was the privatization of Mabib Bank, United Bank, and Allied Bank ² three large nationalized
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commercial banks of the country. As a result of these reforms, the share of the private sector
profitable and the average lending rates had declined to as low as 5 percent as
automation, on-line banking and multiple channels of delivery improved the efficiency of
services and a healthy competitive environment set in. Agriculture credit, SME financing,
consumer loans and microcredit have become mainstream products of the banking industry
and the borrower base of the banking system has multiplied from 1 million to 4 million
households.
The middle and lower middle class which had been completely shut off from access to banking
services are now enjoying car loans, mortgages, credit cards, consumer durables. Small
farmers are using bank credit for buying chemical fertilizers, certified seeds, insecticides and
weedicides, small implements and hiring tractor services. Small and medium entrepreneurs are
expanding their fabrication and manufacturing capacities and upgrading technology. Landless
labor and poor women in the rural areas are receiving loans for poultry, small livestock,
sewing machines, etc. The main beneficiaries of these reforms are the customers of financial
services although it must be recognized that market determined deposit rates have also
declined significantly. But as the lending rates are surging upwards, deposit rates are also
rade liberalization has been undertaken in akistan for the last 15 years and the
maximum tariff rate which was as high as 250- 00 percent has been brought down to 25
percent while the average tariff rate is about 9 percent. Non-tariff barriers and para tariffs
have been eliminated and the culture of providing selective concessions, exemptions and
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privileges to individual firms has given way to an across-the-board uniform rules and
The breaking down of these artificial barriers has led to significant productivity gains and
manufactured exports now account for 90 percent of the total exports. Imports of all kinds of
goods ² capital, consumer, raw materials ² are freely allowed into the country at negligible
Foreign investment regime in akistan is also highly open and liberal. There are no restrictions
or ceilings or prior approvals required for foreign investors to set up their business in akistan
for any sector of the economy ² agriculture, real estate, retail trade, manufacturing, services,
banking, insurance and other financial services. As long as they bring in their initial foreign
investment and register it with the Central Bank, the foreign investors are free to repatriate
their profits, dividends, royalties, technical fees, debt servicing, etc. through their bankers
without any prior approval. Foreign companies are allowed to raise funds from domestic
sources, including bank loans, without any restrictions. They are treated equally with national
firms in all respect and can bring in and out expatriate staff to run their businesses.
E EGLAIN of oil and gas, telecommunication and civil aviation sectors have also
brought about significant positive results. il and gas exploration activity has stepped up in
recent years and constant discovery and production from new gas fields operated by private
sector companies have added new capacity to meet the growing energy needs of the country.
Independent power producers ² both domestic and foreign private companies ² have played a
Telecommunication has witnessed a boom since the private sector companies were allowed
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licenses to operate cellular phones. ne million new cellular phone connections are being
a penetration rate of almost 20 percent. Long distance international and local loop
monopoly of akistan Telecommunications Corporation has been broken and new licenses
including for wireless local loop have been issued. The customers are reaping rich dividends as
the prices of phone calls ² local, long distance, international ² are currently only a fraction of
the previous rates. ne of the advantages of privatization of the state monopoly, i.e., the TCL
would be felt in form of higher bandwidth penetration that has lagged behind other Asian
countries.
Since the government recently announced the policy of allowing the private operators to fly on
international routes, there has been a big uptake in the aviation business. Domestic airfares
have been cut by IA which had almost a monopoly and seat load factor has reached an all
time high. IA and the private airlines are all scrambling for new planes to meet the pent up
The cornerstone of the governance agenda is the devolution plan which transfers powers and
responsibilities, including those related to social services from the federal and provincial
governments to local levels. This plan was put into effect in 2001. The main premise of the
devolution plan is the belief that development effort at the local level should be driven by
and federal capitals. Devolution of power will thus strengthen governance by increasing
participation in their local affairs. Mowever, in the meanwhile the transition has created its
own set of dislocations and disruptions in the delivery of services that need to be addressed.
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policy and regulatory functions, which were earlier combined within the ministry.
Regulatory agencies have been set up for economic activities such as banking, finance,
aviation, telecommunications, power, oil, gas etc. The regulatory structures are now
independent of the ministry and enjoy judicial powers. The Chairman and Board members
enjoy security of tenure and cannot be arbitrarily removed. They are not answerable to any
executive authority and hold public hearings and consultations with stakeholders.
effectively for the last five years as the main anti-corruption agency. A large number of high
government officials, politicians and businessmen have been sentenced to prison, subjected to
heavy fines and disqualified from holding public office for twenty-one years on charges of
corruption after conviction in the courts of law. Major loan and tax defaulters were also
investigated, prosecuted and forced to repay their overdue loans and taxes.
career progression, right sizing of ministries and attached departments, and improving
compensation for government employees are part of the second generation reforms of the
government for building strong institutions in the country. In order to depoliticize recruitment,
promotions and career development, the independence and responsibilities of the Federal
ublic Service Commission (F SC) have been enhanced and is now fully in charge of merit
based recruitment and promotions. The Civil Service Act has been amended to reflect
performance based career progression and would enable the government to retire civil
servants who are inefficient and/or corrupt. The public sector educational training
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The reforms in some of the most important federal institutions - the Central Board of Revenue
(CBR), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC ), the State Bank of akistan (SB ) and
akistan Railways - initiated some years ago - are already beginning to take some hold and
making a difference as far as governance is concerned. Reforms in access to justice will deal
with delays in the provision of justice, case management, automation, and court formation
infrastructure supporting judicial system are being revamped and upgraded. Small Causes
Courts have been established to provide relief to the poor who have small claims.
Despite these reforms, akistan is facing many difficult challenges and will continue to face
new unforeseen challenges. There is no room for complacency. ne fourth of the population
still lives below the poverty line. Muman Development Indicators remain low as almost half of
the population is illiterate, infant and maternal mortality rates are high, access to quality
education and health care particularly by the poor is limited, income and regional inequalities
are widespread, infrastructure shortages and deficiencies persist, skill shortages are taking a
toll in the economy·s productivity while at the same time, there is high unemployment and
Foreigners are reluctant to visit akistan as they perceive the country to be a dangerous place.
The worldwide preoccupation with the large economies of China and India and the ever-
increasing quest to enter these markets is also working to the disadvantage of countries such as
akistan.
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The 'informal economy' refers to modes of production and enterprises that range from small-
scale production units, home-based work in production chains, and self-run micro-enterprises
to bare- minimum economic survival activities such as street vending, rag-picking and
domestic work. These activities remain 'informal' because workers/operators cannot comply
with the established rules and regulations of the formal sector that they find prohibitive and
$Informalµ economies, a vast majority of workers are excluded from legal and social protection
and from the scope of labor laws. 1 f the total labor force in akistan, 65.8 per cent are
employed in the informal sector compared to 4.2 per cent in the formal sector14. f these,
57 per cent are employees and unpaid family helpers, while 42.2 per cent are self-
employed15 in the informal sector. The majority of the employees in the informal sector are
piece-rate, home based women workers who get extremely low wages and work under
restrictive physical and social environs of their 16 poor habitats, or at small hazardous work
units. Most of the workers are not aware of constitutional and international human and labor
laws and covenants. The in formalization of economy presents perhaps the biggest challenge to
sustainable development. n one hand, it is vibrant sector of the economy, labor-intensive and
responsive to new needs and opportunities. n the other hand, it is largely un-documented,
which distorts both official statistics and existing analyses of the economy's performance. More
importantly, it escapes the government's regulatory network. Labor in the informal sector is
not governed by the various labor laws or regulations on working conditions. This means that
workers have no paid holidays, no job security, no medical cover, no pension or provident
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is based on ignorance of law as well as facts. The positive role of trade unions in industrial
relations has not been realized and reflected. Unions are meant to be democratic institutions
working for the betterment of workers and indirectly for society as a whole.
Trade unions are legal entities. The Constitution of akistan, IL Conventions and UN
Declarations all allow workers the right to form their associations and unions. It is clear that a
number of important issues confront the trade union movement; foremost among these is the
structure of economic activity in the country. The fact that the informal sector extends well
beyond family has an impact on the national economy. There is a trend among employers to
redirect as much work as possible to subcontractors and daily wage earners. This both limits
the application of existing legal welfare provisions and makes it difficult to register unions, as
non-permanent workers can simply be disowned by the employer. This leads to a dichotomy in
the labor force. Within the existing formal sector, unions have a certain degree of collective
bargaining power and have been able to protect the wages and conditions of workers.
ermanent workers also have a large degree of job security. Many traditional labor problems
exist outside the formal sector. The use of child labor is common in the informal sector 18(The
actual total number of working children in akistan is probably 19 somewhere between 2 and
19 million), working conditions are virtually non-regulated and terms of employment are
generally oppressive. Union activity on the whole is remote from the realities facing the
overwhelming majority of the labor force. If unions are to serve their purpose of defending the
interests of the working class as a whole, they need to find ways of addressing the needs of
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According to the latest labor policy, unveiled in 2002, the right of association was not
extended to agriculture and informal workers, which comprise about 90 per cent of the work
convened in 2001, was extension of the coverage of labor laws to informal sector and home-
The policy aims to regularize the contract system, following that, the number of workers
employed on non-permanent basis will increase. The right to minimum wages, which is a core
labor right, remains highly restricted. According to the minimum wage policy of 2001, the
minimum wage is determined by the number of hours spent on a job. There is no way of
ensuring that home based workers are getting minimum wages working the same number of
hours.
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and work arrangements around the world. The current state of privatization, foreign
investment and the development of Free Trade Zones unrestrained by labor laws do not add up
to an environment conducive for workers. Workers retrenched by privatization move into the
informal economy when public enterprises are closed or the public sector is downsized. More
and more people are also joining the informal economy to supplement formal sector incomes
$jobless growthµ is being pursued by both public and private sector. Furthermore,, $high techµ
growth, tends to create more high-skill service sector jobs than lower-skill manufacturing jobs.
In such contexts, those without the skills to compete for high-tech formal jobs find work or
There may be differences on the precise measurement of poverty but it is widely believed that
the incidence of poverty in akistan has increased during the decade of 1990s. According to
some studies, the caloric-based poverty has in fact doubled from 17.4% in 1987-88 to 2.6%
in 1998-99 21. During the period of 1995 - 2000, economic growth rate declined from the
historical level of 6 per cent to 4 per cent and with population growth rate of almost 2.5 per
cent and more, the increase in per capita incomes was insignificant. The poor performance on
economic growth was accompanied by rising income inequality and high open unemployment
rates. Although the growth rate has improved in the past 5 years (6.4 percent in 200 -4 and
8.4 percent in 2004-5), overall unemployment has gone up. According to the akistan
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The project feasibility would definitely depend upon the existing projects which are currently
being taken up by the government of akistan. An example would be The LRMT is a Two-
phase, 97 kilometers long project. A Mong Kong based company called MVA Asia Consultancy
was hired the government of unjab as consultants to prepare the project feasibility. The study
of MVA Asia Consultancy completed 5% of project design and proposed four Rail lines in the
city to share the traffic burden. The proposed capacity of LRMT is going to be able to move
5000 passengers per hour in the city. Funding for the project will be provided by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB). But in this regard our analysis and research indicated that this
project would cost around US $1.7 billion. Financial analysis further ahead indicates the cost
breakup.
In March 2007, unjab Government invited Dr E. Sreedharan who is the managing director of
successfully operating Delhi Metro Rail. After studying the project details Dr Sreedharan has
In 1991 during Nawaz Sharif·s term as prime minister, the feasibility of a light rail transit
kilometer long system. The study was reviewed and updated as part of the World Bank funded
The system·s cost was estimated at about US $400 million, but with better network coverage. In
1995 Îapan proposed financing the original scheme with grants and loans of about US $495
million, but the project could not be implemented due to many reasons.
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similar pattern can indicate the willingness and acceptability or our proposal.
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arriers to entry
Some of the aspects had been highlighted in the trade policy of akistan of 2006-2007. There
were major barriers that have affected the investments in akistan and are continuing to do so.
½c akistan position on Global Competitiveness scale According to the trade policy of 2006-
2007 akistan was at 95 on global competitiveness out of a total of 125. This index
superior research and development etc. in 2007 however; akistan is not seen in the
Indian and Chinese markets considering the population size and various other factors,
these two countries have been important attractions in Asia for investment
opportunities
½c olitical uncertainty The biggest barrier is that of political uncertainty and instability
that is providing a threat to not only the foreigners but also the local community in
general. The riots that took place after Benazir's death has shattered the confidence of
investors. Benazir Bhutto·s assassination has cast a huge shadow on the country·s
akistan has incurred massive trade deficits as the increase in imports in luxury items
matched up with the exports. Economists have been deeply worried as according to
some, akistan did have a golden opportunity to incur global investment when money
was flowing in the country in the form of for example foreign direct investment but this
option was not cashed upon successfully. First the emergency riots took place and later
Benazir's death that decreased the confidence of the business investors. According to the
Îan 1, 2008 The News edition 59 branches of different banks had been ransacked,
furthermore many industries were effected such as the Bake arlor Factory and Steel
Mills in Karachi, destruction of railways etc. it was a pity that even the local property
was not saved. The economic managers of akistan compare its economic growth with
China and India but they conveniently ignore the fact that these countries have
equivalent to over a year of their import bill. The above factor hence leads to major
plant and machinery. Because of the tax treatment offered to other type of investments
such as bonds and shares, there was a transfer from industrial to non-industrial sectors.
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The cost of the project would mainly include cost of the track, cost of the trains and land acquisition
cost. Since our company has already done projects very similar to this current project so the cost
/ year
/ year
Marketing Department
/ year
Marketing
Manager
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MR/Admin
/ year
/ year
perations
TTAL CST = $ 955,000
The government of akistan would provide us with a 25000KV dedicated line, which would cost us
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GVE NMEN INVLVEMEN:
The project is being carried out by the Government of unjab with funding from Asian
Development Bank; we believe unjab·s rovincial Assembly needs to pass some basic
regulation for providing legal cover on who is going to implement this project so as to avoid
future conflicts. therwise if the current government changes hands the project may die too.
rovincial legislature should do law making to give this project to either a subsidiary dept of
provincial government R a private company or make law for a brand new "mass transit
FNING/ INVESMEN:
As to funding, 60% of the project
federal government. And 15% by the government of unjab (partly as cash and partly as land
The rest is generated by the BE through property development (and is in fact an indirect
subsidy from the Government of unjab, since it has provided high value land to BE for use
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The restructuring will be part of a major reform exercise to revitalize akistan Railways to
enable it to play its due role within the transport sector and in the economic and social
As per the decision, akistan Railways Corporation will focus on core business of rail services,
while the non-core business entities such as factories, schools, hospitals and marketing of land
assets will be managed through subsidiary public limited companies which would function
under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways through a holding company.
The manufacturing units of akistan Railways The Carriage Factory, Islamabad; Locomotive
Factory in Risalpur; and Concrete Sleeper factories each at Sukkur, Khanewal and Kohat , It
Will be transformed into separate companies under the company laws of the country.
The sleeper factory at Kotri will be leased out to a private sector company. It has also been
planned to lease out more factories to the private sector; however, at least one factory will
remain with akistan Railways which will be converted into a company to regulate price and
ensure required supply of sleepers. Restructuring of akistan Railways was initiated during
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1990s for which consultants were appointed for valuation of assets and liabilities of each of
conducted a financial study through consultants which among other things valued the
assets and liabilities of the Carriage Factory Islamabad, Locomotive Factory at Risalpur and
The reforms exercise would facilitate the government to fulfill its objective to offload railway
budget from the non- core activities, and would facilitate manufacturing units to have their
autonomous entities for seeking business from the private enterprises; and prepare corporate
plans and feasibility for their future operations and implementation strategy.
All manufacturing units will follow a policy for developing indigenous capabilities of the new
and development activity, design centre, human and capital formation to lessen dependence on
Iftikhar A. Khan adds: National Assembly was informed on Friday that the government had a
plan to launch Mass Transit Train service between the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
In a written reply to a question during the question hour, Federal Minister for Railways Sheikh
Rashid Ahmad said Expression of Interest (EI) along with terms of references for conducting
feasibility study of the project would be advertised by his ministry after receiving no objection
certificates from the unjab government and the Capital Development Authority (CDA).
Answering another question, he said the railways ministry earned over Rs11 billion through
the passenger trains during year 2005-2006.Me said various steps had been taken to improve
and modernize the railway service. Me said home-delivery of tickets had been introduced in
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automated. Air conditioned dining cars with sitting area has been introduced. New and
refurbished coaches have been introduced on passenger trains. Additional coaches are attached
Me said nine new inter-city and long-lead trains had been introduced during the year 2006-07
with better facilities. Me said filtration plants to provide clean drinking water to passengers had
ntID=5755
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Railways, while talking to the Spanish Ambassador Îose Maria Robles who called on him here
on Monday. Me invited Spanish firms to participate in the feasibility and later on the
construction of the high-speed track, the first ever adventure in South Asia. The akistan
Railways will start metro service in eight major cities of akistan having population over 2
million, he said, adding the feasibility studies in Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi and
Islamabad have been initiated and are expected to be finalized within six-months. Me said
Spain which has a rich experience in metro-service is encouraged to join akistan Railways in
an independent capacity or joint ventures in metro service, akistan Railway was keenly
interested to avail the modern technology of Spain in terms of locomotives, signal system,
passenger and freight coaches and the laying of rail tracks in order to bring an overall
improvement in the railway network and operations, he said. The execution of work on
doubling the rail track on Khanewal-Lahore 270 kilometers section has been started, which
will be completed during one year, he said, adding the completion of the project will also bring
a revolutionary change in the culture of akistan Railways not by improving train timings but
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also by passengers' dependency. Special attention is being focused on freight service, being
plying on tracks and we have fixed the target of increasing the number to 1,000, while
freight trains will be increased to 14 from the present ten," he added. Me asked Spain to
http://www.thepost.com.pk/Arc_CorpNews.aspx?dtlid=6 091&catid=8&date=10/10/2006
&fcatid=14
ISLAMABAD, Dec 15 (A ): Caretaker Minister for Railways Mansoor Tariq here on Saturday
said that akistan Railways has allowed Mobilink to operate and install C facility at railway
stations across the country on urgent basis. The Minister said, $We are taking this initiative on
a number of complaints received from the rail passengers during the visits to various railway
Mansoor Tariq said that taking serious note of the absence of this necessary facility at the
Me said that it was unjustified to deprive over 80 million passengers and their relatives who
visit railway stations throughout the year, of this facility which makes them communicate on
cheaper rates.
The mobile Cs would also be introduced in near future enabling rail passengers to be in
akistan Railways would also engage private sector to invest in all sectors of Railways
including
KARACMI, April 11: A high-powered trade delegation from France is arriving on Wednesday to
enter into negotiations with various government departments and agencies for the
development and investment in the areas of desalination, sewage treatment plants and mass
transit system.
During its two-day stay the 25-member trade delegation from French Business Confederation
will first hold high-profile meetings in Islamabad and will reach Karachi on Thursday.
The delegation, headed by Vinci Construction Chairman hilippe Ratynski, will also meet City
Nazim Naimatullah Khan because French company - Sogelberg Ingenerates - which made first
ever feasibility report on Karachi's Mass Transit System is also included in the delegation.
akistan France Business Alliance resident Shabir Ahmed briefing the newsmen at French
Consulate's Trade ffice said that the French delegation would hold meetings with rime
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Minister Shaukat Aziz, ministers, World Bank and Asian Development Bank representatives in
Me said during its visit to Karachi the delegation would hold meetings F CCI members for
finding out ways and means for enhancing trade between the two countries. Me disclosed that
the delegation members would also hold meetings with Karachi ort and Defense Mousing
Besides, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) is also expected to hold a meeting
with the French team in connection with sewage treatment plants and desalination plants, he
added. The French trade mission comprises heavy machinery, aviation and pharmaceutical
http://www.dawn.com/2005/04/12/ebr7.htm
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akistan Railways has already launched modernization with rehabilitation and improvement
plan both for its infrastructure and rolling stock including prime mover since 2001-2002. The
ongoing schemes worth over Rs. 0 billion are progressing satisfactorily and have brought in
radical improvement in the overall efficiency and performance of the system. During the
current financial year the Railway Revenue generation target has been increased from Rs. 14
billion to Rs. 18 billion and it is planned to achieve zero operational deficit during the current
year by effective planning and financial management on latest technique. The performance
during the mid review i.e. first six month shows the operational surplus of Rs. 927 million
akistan Railways plans to achieve a stage of net profit from the year 2007 and accordingly a
number of targets have been set out by the Government for akistan for achievement by 2007
and onward up to 2010. This target include increase in the sectional speed on Karachi ²
Lalamusa main line section to 140 KM M, dualization in the missing link of track on the main
line, introduction of modern and latest version signaling system, procurement of diesel and
electric locomotives as well as high capacity/ high speed freight wagon and passenger coaches
beside improvement and provision of connectivity to Iran, India, upcoming Gwadar ort to
To achieve the above targets number of developmental schemes have been proposed in the mid
term plan 2005-10 which have in principally been agreed/ approved and hopefully would be
reflected in the approved mid term plan before the end of the financial year 2004-05. The
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Estimated Cost
Rs. Billion
Lalamusa
Lalamusa.
iii) Setting up of a railway yard and railway linkage from Gwadar 2.50
iv) Rail link from Gwadar ort to existing rail link at Ahmad wall on 12.00
vii) Rail link from Quetta ² Bostan ² Zhob to D.I. Khan for provision 6.00
ix) Feasibility study for provision of rail link from Rawalpindi to 0.1
Muzaffarabad AÎK
x) Feasibility Study for provision of rail link from Dina to Mirpur 0.05
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AÎK.
wagons.
coaches.
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By Hassan li
LHRE: akistan Railways has decided to contact owners of renowned restaurants to serve
food on major trains at subsidized rates and has sent a proposal in this regard to the rime
Minister·s secretariat for approval, Daily Times learnt on Friday. akistan Railways ( R)
sources said that the ministry of railways made this decision after receiving numerous
complaints from passengers about the unhygienic and substandard quality of food served on
trains.
Daily Times also learnt that the federal minister for railways, Sheikh Rashid hmed, has
already contacted some well-known restaurants and has asked them to submit proposals along
with subsidized price lists of food items. akistan Railways dvisory and Consultancy Services
( RCS) is currently responsible for managing food services on almost all major trains. Sources
said Railways authorities are not satisfied and have warned RCS several times that if they do
not improve the standard of food and service R would award the tender to restaurants or
caterers. The ministry has now proposed that RCS will handle the catering but would get the
R also wants to get rid of the dinning car, infamous for its unhygienic conditions and
substandard food, and the authorities are said to be taking steps towards this end, sources said.
Railways general manager (GM) operations told Daily Times that the ministry has submitted
proposals for serving better quality food not just on trains but also at major railway stations.
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Îoint Director RCS Mirza Masood said RCS has been providing $best foodstuff and
proposed National Mass Transit Authority (NAMTA) and development of Rail Based
Mass Transit Systems (RBMTS) for major cities of the country. The meeting was chaired by
Federal Minister for Railways· besides Secretary/Chairman Railways, representatives from all
the four provincial Governments, CDA, Ministries of Communications, Finance, lanning &
Development, Railways and City Nazims were present? (List of participants enclosed).
.The Federal Minister for Railways introduced the participants to the proposed National Mass
Transit Authority. Me stated that the rime Minister had approved the establishment of NAMTA
and had also approved that feasibility studies be initiated forthwith even before the
establishment of NAMTA.
The Secretary Railways emphasized at the outset that the objective of NAMTA was to provide a
forum for facilitating the provincial governments/city governments in developing rail based
mass transit system for their cities and also to act as a Regulatory Authority for such systems.
The Federal Government had no intention of intruding into the sphere of urban transport
which was the jurisdiction of the rovinces. Mowever, since the development of such highly
technical and costly systems involved technical assistance as well as heavy ?financing facility
from donors/creditors, the Federal Government/ akistan Railways was in a suitable position to
provide support in that respect. Moreover, as a watchdog NAMTA will see that proper
standards/specifications and technology are adopted not only to ensure safety but also that the
The Secretary Railways emphasized at the outset that the objective of NAMTA was to provide a
forum for facilitating the provincial governments/city governments in developing rail based
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mass transit system for their cities and also to act as a Regulatory Authority for such systems.
transport which was the jurisdiction of the rovinces. Mowever, since the development
of such highly technical and costly systems involved technical assistance as well as heavy
financing facility from donors/creditors, the Federal Government/ akistan Railways was in a
suitable position to provide support in that respect. Moreover, as a watchdog NAMTA will see
that proper standards/specifications and technology are adopted not only to ensure safety but
studies, plan, execute, operate and maintains such systems but where any rovince/City
requests it to be handled by NAMTA, it will do so.? In order to save time it would be advisable
for city/provincial Governments to get feasibility studies initiated through NAMTA as has been
A presentation was made by Mr. Imtiaz Ahmad, Secretary Railway Board to highlight the
urgent need of developing RBMTS for the eight major cities and presented?? Various models of
ublic- rivate artnership and State ownership. It was pointed out that experience showed that
BT projects were not very successful while the models of public private partnership or partial
Copies of the proposed draft legislation which requires considerable amendments for the
After the presentation, open discussion was made on the draft legislation and the role of
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NAMTA. The meeting was informed that since the subject of urban transport was listed neither
whereas the subject of Railways was listed in the Federal legislative list, the matter will
be taken to the CCI and its concurrence will be obtained before the proposed legislation was
sent to the Cabinet for approval and then to the arliament for enactment. The CCI is the
appropriate forum where the rovinces can register their opinion. Mowever, before going to
CCI, the bill will be redrafted in the light of suggestion/views of all the stake holders.
The participants were therefore, requested to send their comments on the bill within two
weeks and also confirm their willingness for conducting of feasibility studies by the
Nazim eshawar stated that there was a lot of congestion in the city of eshawar and provision
of Rail Based Mass Transit System is required for the city. Me desired that the feasibility study
for the provision of Mass Transit System for the city be carried out by NAMTA.
Nazim Quetta explained that due to rapid urbanization in the city the vehicular traffic on the
road had increased manifold during the recent years and posing problems for the smooth
movement of traffic. Me added that a meeting for the provision of Rail Based Mass Transit
System was convened by the &D Department of Government of Baluchistan on 16th Îanuary at
Quetta.
Member Technical CDA stated that Expression of Interest for the provision of Rail Based Mass
Transit System in the twin cities of Rawalpindi-Islamabad had already been invited. Me further
stated that besides Rawalpindi, Islamabad also experienced traffic congestion. Mence there was
need of introducing Rail Based Mass Transit System. Me stated that CDA will have no objection
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if the project was taken over by NAMTA but rovincial Govt. may be consulted.
construction of Rail Based Mass Transit System should be laid down by NAMTA.
Consultant KCR/NAMTA explained that the specifications for the construction of Rail system,
safety parameters, etc, already exist in the codes and manuals of akistan Railways and they
will be amended/modified to meet with any changes and requirements of Rail Based Mass
Transit System.
Secretary Transport unjab informed that Feasibility Study for the provision of Rapid Mass
Transit System in Lahore from Ferozepur Road (Mamza Town) to Shahdara had already been
completed, identifying an estimated cost of US$ 2.5 Billion for the project.? Detail design is
being carried out. Me further stated that since Government of unjab has already undertaken
the provision of Rail Based Mass Transit System in Lahore, there was no need of NAMTA to get
Government. NAMTA should only act as umbrella/Regulator.? This view was acceded to so far
as unjab was concerned. Mowever, the Minister and Chairman Railways stated that
MR/NAMTA will follow the road map set for itself by the unjab Government. Nevertheless it
will still act as safety Regulator. Moreover, the rovincial viewpoint will be considered in
CCI.The Chair observed that the bill for the establishment of NAMTA will be presented to CCI
and at that forum of way provisions in the bill. It was explained that the bill was a proposed
draft and all stake holders should give their viewpoints which will be accommodated. NAMTA
Finance extended assistance of I DF which was meant to arrange finances for mega projects,
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01) The rovinces will furnish their comments / observations on the bill of NAMTA with in 15
(fifteen) days.
02) The bill for NAMTA will be amended modified to accommodate the comments of provinces
0 ) NAMTA will conduct the feasibility studies funded by Federal Government /donor
agencies in the major cities of country on the advice and consent of rovincial Government(s).
AKISTAN TIMES
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operations to extract more revenues and bring efficiency in freight logistics, said
caretaker Minister for Railways Mansoor Tariq. Taking to a delegation of National Logistic Cell
(NLC) and a Dubai based business group, he said that NLC in joint collaboration with the
Dubai based group has offered akistan Railways to operate their own container coaches
The Minister urged the delegation to avail the pen Track olicy initiated by akistan Railways
where the private parties can operate their own rolling stock while paying track access charges
to Railways. Me also pushed the delegation for getting these container wagons manufactured at
akistan Carriage Factory, Islamabad and Mughalpora Workshop, Lahore. This would not only
save the foreign exchange but also provide financial gains to Railways which is already
Me said that introduction of private partnership into the freight logistics, akistan Railways
would be able to bring efficiency and promptness in such business activities. As the economy
has grown tremendously over the last decade due to consistent and business friendly policies of
the government, there is dire need to expand this network of freight handling, he added.
Me said that despite making holistic efforts by akistan Railways over the last few years, it
could manage to handle only four percent of the total freight business activity. The scope is
tremendous and opportunities for growth are unlimited as akistan is becoming a business hub
between Europe, Central and Middle East in the coming years, he said. This volume of business
can be doubled in no time as there is great demand from the business community of akistan to
trains have been introduced, which operates daily between Karachi and Lahore.-SANA
By initiating the feasibility study, akistan has thus become the first country in South Asia to
take the initiative of bullet train which is very much a pioneering train with a very high speed
record.
Under the agreement signed in Islamabad, ¶MR Consult· will complete the feasibility study at a
total cost of Rs2 .97 million, and submit it to akistan Railways in ctober this year.
olitically, the month of ctober will be crucial when preparations for general elections and
The ¶MR Consult· is composed of Austria GE Consult; Typsa of Spain and Myco and Survey
Federal Minister for Railways Sheikh Rashid Ahmad, who was present at the signing ceremony,
said the bullet train would cover the distance between Rawalpindi and Lahore in only 75
minutes.
The major elements of the feasibility study would be to work out the shortest possible distance,
fare regime and timeframe to recover the investment. When the dream would become a
reality, people would have a fair choice of traveling between Rawalpindi and Lahore section by
reduced with the realignment of the track by removing 55 curves between Sohawa and
Dina. But for the bullet train, it has been proposed to lay double track to be covered on both
The bullet train could be thought of as the world·s first high speed train. Services started in
1964 with speeds at 210km/h or 1 1mph, the fastest trains went at the time, and many
countries, including the United States still have no trains running at this speed. At the time the
Indeed many say it was the success of the bullet train which led to Europe taking interest in
making trains go fast. Since then the trains have been going faster and faster.
½c Companies from eight countries have expressed interest in laying a bullet-train track
from Lahore to Rawalpindi and 51 companies have shown interest in running private
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C11%5C08%5Cstory_8-11-
2006_pg1 _
akistan. n his visit to Ukraine, he said that a Ukraine railway team would visit
will complete the feasibility study at a total cost of Rs2 .97 million, and submit it to
akistan Railways in ctober this year. olitically, the month of ctober will be crucial
when preparations for general elections and the election of the president will be on top
gear. The ¶MR Consult· is composed of Austria GE Consult; Typsa of Spain and Myco
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