$

FAtt2010

THE COLONIALAND POSTCOTONIAL

DISORDER
OF THINGS

An4LaurdStoler(srolerd@newschool.edu)
Professor Thursday4-5r50

Off.HrsWed4'6.79FifthAve.Rm922

Cana historyof modernity bewrittenwithoutwritinta history

of empire? Canoneunderstand the
techniques,
technologies, andpolitics
of genocide governance?
andtorturewithouta historyof imperial
Canoneaccount for th€ programsandpoli.iesof theIuropeanradjcalri8htwithoutunderstandrnB how
9,s'4 racismandstateviol€nce hasbeenwoventhroughthefabricof liberaldemocracy andthe distribution
{{." of resources
in IuroDetodav?
dt.,. studies
Critical of colonialismhavedeepgenealoBies, someofwhichhavebeenacknowledged, someof
tilr-, whichhavenot. Postcolonial studiesisonlyoneforlhof int€wention andoneexpression ofcritique.
*"f EmerBing on theAngloAmerican academic scenenearlythifty years ago,it hasnow just hit the French
andGermany academic bookshelves. Howhaveits criticaltacticsand nethods chanSed? Whilefor
somepostcolonialstudies represents a criticalmulti-disciplinaryassault on howthe production of
knowledge in multipledisciplines-from philosophy to geo8raphy, literature,anthropology and
medicine -. haveshapedboththe polrcies andperceptions thatundenvrote Euro-American domination
of nearlythree-quarters of theglobe'spopulation, for othe15 it has5incebecomea "safe"siteof
scholarship anda surprisingly atemporal one. Forsome,a postcolonialcritiqLre is abouta reckoning * ..5
witha whitewashed andmorallyoLrtraBeous past.Forotfi;rsit allowsa critrque of the presentFof 't Je

otherstrll,itsprojecthasbeento do morethanrewritethe history of colonialisms butto revampwhat r\,

countsa5viable questions, andto examine the violencewroughtby whatoncewereconsidered &^ _. t-^
colonialism's benigntoolsof production; concepts andcatetories, epistemologies andnarrative forms, jv{z
archivesandcriteria of evidence.Someof thatearlierwork focused on colonialsituations the past;
in
someon thepostcolonial condition of formerlycolonized populations. Whatoftenremarns
(.^.'-\'Lf
.ys' underspecified rnd unaddressed i5the natureof the relation5hip betweenthe two.Terrnslike"colonial..
e;.
legacy''and "colonialvestige5"haveoftenfunctioned asplaceholders for grounded historicaland " .,,(
analytic
work.
.-Lr1
.$.^4,
"*f".'"3
.,t^\1*
Thatlandscape
seminar,
hasradicallychanged in geographi€
we willloolat howcoloniali5m andqolonial
breadth, temporalscopeandpolitical
historymatterin the present,
rcale.In this
howcolonial pasts
bearon people's presentoptionsandtutureoqssihjlill€I, andfor whomandin whatwaythereisa vivid
\.. ry b-f
present
cpl!-0!af today.We'llexamine th{ldrtability'' of colonialisms' conceptual categories-what
'r*
theyhaveenabled, andin whatwaystheyhavetjeenrevived. We'lllookat the conceptualcategories of \_'
-*_:f^-
-"-
\ 3,r colonial andwhatcomfonzonesit hls produced.
scholarship We'lllookat the sexualpolitics
of empire,
at the materialandpsyche debristhat it hasleftln itswakeandat debates aboutwhethera historyof
''r-i . Europe anditscontemporary racialaonfiguratiorls shouldor shouldnot be understood asa partof the
'd "'r' scarred ldndscape of empre today
\
,. \\^0/.^ I
w ' ,.t\ r .wc,.\r ' ^
Voe1.."\\
 t
participation,andtimely comptetionot commentariesand writing
Presence,
Courserequirement5;
assrgnmen15.

Therewill be three principelwriting ass;gnments;n

the seminar:

1- Weeklycommentadessubmittedthe day betoreclasrmeets,on Wednesdayby 4pm.

. Thisshouldbe no morethan a pagelong(thereare manvot us)and shouldbe a reflectionon

the readintsthat cantake rranVfohsr questionsVouhaveabout the readings,issuegyou
would liketo discussmore,<ommentson the reading!in light of earlierdiscr.rssions.
sho!ld
you bringin readingsthat we havenot readas a classbe sureto providethe rest of us with a
reference.Secauseof the larg€nuftber ih this semihar,onlv halfofthe classwill do written
colt|mentaries/querieseachweek.

2- Criticalbook review: Thiswifl be due on October21". Thesereviewsprovideyou with the

opportuniWto examinein rhoredetailhow colonialismi5treatedethnographically. Whatare
the sortsof questioDsthat the book raises?Whatis the relationshipbetweenthe colonialpast
and present? What are consideredmethodological tools? What kindsof sourcesare used?
Whatcountrasevidence? Thispapershouldbe no Inorethanl0 double-spaced pages. I a list
ot Fossiblebooksto reviewis provided With priorapproval,
at the endotthe syllabus. you
mayuseothersl
3- Finalesiay; Thises5ayis intendedtoallowyou topu6ue furtherah issue/que5t;on/ debate
raisedin the seminarandifthereis a panicular areaofthe worldthat interestsyou,to do this
essaywithrespect tothat political,temporaland spatialterrain.
Proposalsforthispaperwill
bedueon November l8th.lt shouldincludee staternentof yourquestionanda preliminary
bibliography. Thefinal essayoI +/- 20 pages
will be due on Decemberl6th. late papersare
not acceptable.

Grades:

15% (timely) (dueon the wednesday

commentaries at 4pmbeforeclass)

participation
15%seminar

bookreview
2oyocritical

50%finalessay

WEEK1 September2 THEPROBLEMATICT

[HOW]lS COLONIALISM
A HISTORY

OFTHEPRESENT?

TO BEMAoE UPTuesNov 23]

WEEK2 September9 No CtASs[REtlGlOUsHOLIDAY-
 s

16 lN THEEYEOFTHESTORM:
WEE(3 September ANDCOLONIAL
ANTHROPOLOGY RULE

COMPLICITIES
ANO CRITIQUE

Balandier,GeorSe, "TheColonialSituation.A Theoretical

Approach"i^ SocqlChongeond the Coloniol
situotior,ed.l. Wallerstein, p!blished
1966[originallV as"'LaSituation
Colonialer
Approche Theorique,"
h Cohierstnternotionouxdesocioloqiexl,1957,44.79.

Feuchtwang,Stephan, "TheColonialFormation
of Eritish in Anthropology
SocialAnthropologf" andthe
t (I973), 77-7OO.
l Encounte
Colonio

Djane,
Lewis, "Anthropology
andColonialism"
Current 14,5 (Dec1973),
Anthropoloqy 581-502.

Anthropologv
Asad,Talal"Fromthe Historyof Colonial to theAnthropology
of WesternHegemony in
Coloniol Situations:
Essoys of Ethnoqrophic
on the Contextuolizotion Knor?/edqe,
ed. GeorgeStocking
24.
{1 9 9 1 ) ,314

Renato,
Rosaldo, "lmperialist Cullure
Nostalgia," ondTruth{19801,68-81.

"Bourdieu
PaulandlaneE.Goodman,
Silverstein, in Al1etia,'' in Algerio(2009)1'62.
in Eourdieu

4 September
WEEK 23 EMERGENT
FORMS MOMENTS
ANDCONTENTIOUS

oF IPOSI] COTONTAT
CRTTTQUE

Discourse
AimeCesaire on Colonialism (2000),
119501 at:
31-78.Alsothereisanonlinealternative
http://www.bandung2.co.uk/Books/Files/Politics/DiscoLrrseT620on%20Colooialism.pdf

satd,Edwa'd, Orientolism11978),7-2a.

Nadia,
El'Haj, Saidandthe Political
"Edward Present,
" American 3214(2005),
Ethnologisf 538-555.

AnnandFrederick
Stoler, Cooper,"Between MetropoleandColony"in Tensions
af Enpire,eds.
Frederick andAnntauraSto)er/1997),1-55.
Cooper

Dirlrk,Arii "ThePostcolonial Criticollnqutry

Aura:Thirdworld Criticismin the Ageof GlobalCapitalism,"
20({994): 328-s5.
u) eV r-' "J'^ "bta
Alsosee:

>/ "Otientalism
Said,Edwatd, Reconsidered (1985),
, RoceondClassxxvti,2 115.

C.t.R. Jafies,TheBlocklocobins\19381

C.L.R.lames,Eeyondo Boundory.1963)
 t
4

WEEK5 Septernber30PERIPHERAT
VlStONs{SubalternStudiesand after)

What wasSubalternstldieJ? Wheredid it comefrom?

what is Subalt€rnStudiestodaV?Do you haveto work on

SouthAsiato 'do it'?

Guha,Ranajit,"lntroductiot\"to A SubolternStudesReoder,1986-1995
(1997),ix-xxii.

Sarkar,
Sumit,"the Decline
of the Suballern
in Subaltern
5tudies,"
in chaturvedi,
Vinayak,
ed.tuappjng
Subaltern
Studies (2000)300-23.
andthe Postcolonial

Chakrabarty,
Dipesh,
"Provincializing
Europe:
Postcoloniality
andthe Critique
of History,'Cultural
6,3(19921.
Studies

Coronil,
Fernando,"tatinAmerican postcolonial andglobaldecolonization"
studies in Otord
Componionto Postcoloniol
LtteloryStudles,ed. NeilLazarus
(2OO41,221,24A.

Sommer,Doris,"Advertencla/Warning"
in Proceedwtth Coution(1999)ix-x,r.

ty >> Ho,EnBsenB, "EmpirethrouBhDiasporicEyes

L) a^"rl; .+/,Jl,r 1- \,rl - \-q
A Viewfromthe OtherBoat,"CSJH
.-<" ^ ,*1 !r 4.
46,2 ( 2OO4),
{--.\1
2100-46.

Al sose e : "t"t?-
e 4-\.-T ; . + , j *
" --. * . . . f_f,
Coronil,
Fernando,"AfterEmpire:Reflections
on lmperialism" in /mperiol Fornot@ns l2OOBl,24I 277.

lssueof Dlsposltio,
Special 52 (2005)"LatinAmerican
Subaltern
Studies
Revisited"

IE""ILlydlrt LocolHistories/jlabalDesryns
Coloniality,
SuboltetnKnowledges,ond Barder
>
- ThinkinssI2OOO).
rl -I t. F - . "''.t'r + ' '' l- L ' '-'
-

w€EK6 October7 lreschedule

O(r 5?l COIONIAIISM
ANDTHEGEN€ATOG|ES
OF MODERN
GOVERNANCE _-? O-L-q*\ )

Michel,"Nietzsche,
Foucaull, Genealogy,
Hrstory" in TheFoucaalt
119711 Reoder,76
7tn

Michael,"Cultureof Terror-Space
Taussig, of Dealh,"Compotutive
Studiesln SocietyondHistory\1984),
467-97

Scott,oavid,"Colonial
Governmentality," feft 43 (Autumn1995),191-220.
Socio/
-7
Mbembe,Achille,"Of Cornmandemenfin O, the Postcolony
l2OOl),24-65.
 rtr
5

"Modernlnquisrtions"
5ilverblatt,lrene, (20081,
in lmpetiolFormotions 275-309.
->
Alsosee:

tazreg,Marnia, TheTwilightof Emphe:FromAlgiersto Abu Ghtoib(2008),1-17,34

6A.

Peter,"BotanyBayto Devil's
Redfield, lsLand" in the Tropics,57
in Spoce 15,245-61

WCEK7 OCtObET
14 COLONIAIDISORDERS: EFFECTS/ENTANGED
CORROSIV€ SOUI.S

"lt IBritishsocietv] in itssoul"(cuha951

is a culturewith irondeposits

George
Stocking
wrilesof a "moral5chizophrenia"
commonto colonial

situations 32.Whatdo you imagineit to beconstituted

(1991), of?

"Shooting
Orwell,GeorBe, an tlephant"[1931'36]
Bedford p. 1 6.
5t MartinOnlinaResource,
nssanargument4e/content/cat
httpi//bcs.bedfordsrlhartins.com/everyth 020/OrwelShootine.odf

Memmi,Albert,fhe Colonizer
ondColonized
1L957l,Vll-16.

Fanon,
"Colonial
WarandMentalDisorders'
in Wretched
of theEotth119631,
181-23i.

Fabian,Johannes,Outo/ OurMindsl2O0Ol,
7-11,92107. t4\ t;'"
Ann[aura,"lrnperial
Stoler, Dispositions
of Disregad"inAlongtheArchivol
Grain\2OO9),231-2']8. .a"_,".r
-
Pandolfo, 'TheKnotof the Soul:Postcolonral
Stefania, Conundrums, Madne5s,
andthe lmagination"
D8ordeB,
Coloniol eds.MaryJoD.Good, Sandra Hyde,SarahPinto,BryonGood(2009./,
329 258.
J-
Alsosee:

Nandy,A5his,Ihe /raimateEnemy:Lassond recoverol set undetcoloniolism

\1983).

Fischer,
Lawrence,
ColonialModness:MentolHeakhin the Eorbodion
SociolOtder11985).

Sloan
Mahone, andMe8anVaugh,edt.,Psychlotry
ondEmpire
\2007).

Week8 October21 23 lN PURSUIT

OFA CONCEPTUAL
VOCA8ULARY

Hardt,Mi.haelandAhtonioNeBeri, Empite(2000),1'65,183-204.

Jean,"TheEndof HistoryAgain?Pursuing
Comaroff, the Pastin the Postcolony"
in Postcolonlal
Studles
ondBeyand,eds-A^iaLoornba,
SuvirKaul,MattiBunzl,
Antoinette BurtonandJedEsty{2005),125,144

SoIereignrj.PlDlicCultne 18,112006),125-47.
Stoler,AnnLaura,"OnDegreesofInperial
 lrr
5

Dirlik. Arif, 'tnl're: SomeThoughtson Colonialism, Culture,andClassin theMa!,ingofGlobal

CrisisandU'ar in Perpetuity,"l ten.ntrcnr 5 (2 ) June:001,107 -:I7

Week 9 October28 COI,ONIAL HUMAN|SM,ANOTHEpOLtTtCS

LIBERALISM, OFptTy

Metha,Uday,"LiberalStrategies
of Exclusion"
in Tensions
of Empie l1gg7),59-86.

Wilder,Gary,''Towarda NewColonialRationality,'in fhe FrenchlmpetiolNotion-Stote:

Negrtudeond
ColoniolHumonism betweenthe TwoWo d Wott l20OS), A3-75.

lgnatieff,
Michael,
"American
Empire:
TheBurden,"
NewVorkTimesMogozine,JanS 2OA1,24.
http://www.nytimes.com/2DO1/07/05/maBazinelthe.american,empire-rhe-burden.html

Ibutalsoseelgnatieff,
Michael,
"TheH!rnanitarian
aslmperialisr"
in FmpheLitel2OO3l,4S-76.1

Gilroy.Paul, RaceanddreRiAhtJobeHuman. \1 Postcoloniel

llelatlchalid(2004).19-57
.

Kauanui, Kehaulani,Colonialism In tquality:Hawairan

Sovereignty
andtheQuestion
of U.S.Cjvjl
Rilhts,"SouthAtlon c QuorterlylO7,4lFall20OB),635 55O.

' ,--
"\-
3'.3;t*3-afofit,
WEEK
10November
4 THEGENDER,
S€XUAL
ANDBODY
POLITICS
OFEMptRE i* * t"

post'colorioles,
forthcoming

o(:"').Uk of vulgarity"in onThp postcolony

"TheAesthetics
vuemoe.nchille. l2oo1),102,141.

Alexander,Jrcq!i,"NotIUst(any)bodycanbea citizenr
thepoliti.sof law,sexuality
andpost.olontajity
in Trinidad
andTobago andthe Bahamai'in Cultures
of Empie,ed.Catherine (2000),
Hall 359-376.

Enloe,Cy^thia,TheCuriousFeminist:Searchtnglor Womenin the New Age of Empire12004)Itelection\I

Alsosee:

I aylor,)ean,TheSociolWorldof Botovio\19831.

Stoler,Ar,nLaura,,Qoae
ond the Educot)on
ol Desie:TheColoniolOrderol Ihinqsand Foucoult's
History
oJSexuolity,1995.

Sl^ha,Mri^alini,ColoniolMosculinly.the "MonlyEhglishmeD'ond
the'EueminoteBengoli'in the tote
tgthcenturyi1995!.

>' cClintok, Arne,lmperiolLeother

,V1 ,
ll,q95J

,.\ u,
G^y', ,.^,.-i''* .i. .i.-1^
\ ';)Y", ' ",1.
lrt'^""n
\,
\
r' , "
 o

Levine, "Orientalist
Philippa, Sociolotsy
andtheCreation
ofColonialSexualilies,,,
Femjnist
Review65
(Summer 20001.
5-21.

WEEK1t NovemberIIISECUR|TY AND THECRAFTING

OF COI.ONIAI-
RUI-E

thonas, Maftin,Empites
oj : SecuritySeNicesand ColoniolDisotdet oftet l9l4 | 2008),1-44.

of Empire,"in PolicingAmerico'sEmpjre:Theunited Stotes,the phitjppines

Mccoy,Alfred,"Capillaries
-1idTiliGof theSurvell/orcestofe (MadisoarU of wisconsin,2OO9/,15-56.

Weirman, points,Flexible
Eyal, "Strategic Tense
Lines, Surtaces,
PoliticalVolumes:
ArielSharon
andthe
Geometry
of Occupation,"ThePhilosophicalFarum35,2(Summer
2004),221-244.

Bigo,Didier,"Globalized
ln'Security:
TheFieldandthe Ban-opticon"
in Ttanslotion,
Eiopohtics,
Colonial
eds.NaokrSakaiandJohnSolomon
Dflerence, (2006),109-55.

Kotef,HagarandMeravAlhir,"(€n)Gendering CheckpointWatchandthe Repercussions

Checkpoints: of
lntervention,"
5i9r532,4\2007), 913-996

< (.\\\r"/-
WEEK
12November
18 COLONIAL
DETRITUS/IMPERIAL
DEBRIS

5toiet Annfaura,"TheRotRemains:
On Ruinsand Ruination"in //Dperio
I Debris,lorthco.',in1.

Chari,
Sharad,
"Apartheid
Remains"
in /rnpellol
,ebr,r,forthcomtng.

John,"RuinsandRedemption
Collins, in thePelourinho''
in lmpetiolDebris,
forlhaomtng.

Rao,Vyjayanthi,
"TheFuturein Ruins,"
in /mperiol
tebris,forthcoming.

Azoulay,Ariella,"Whena demoljshedhomebecomesa publicsquafe"in lmpe olDebtit, forthlominl.

Coopan, "TheRuinsof Fmprre.

Vilashini, TheNatronal
andGlobalPolittct
of America's
Return
ro Rome,"
ond Beyord(2005),80 100.
in Postcoloniolism

seealsoi

Hunt,Nancy,
"Anacoustic register,
tenacousimages,andCongolese
scenes
of rapeandrepetnion"
in
mperialDebrisCulturolAnthropology23\21,2OOB,
220-53.

llan,"Thememoricide
Pappe, of the Nakba"rhe Ethnic
Cleansing
of Polestine 34.
\2006),225

Onenvironmentaldegradatiohand empire'

Gta\e,6teenlmperiolismt
ColoniolExpansion,
trcpicolislondEdensond the originsof environhentalism,
1540-1860l't995).
 s
8

6rinde,DonaldA. and Eruce[- Johansen,

Ecoalue
of NotiveAmetitu I 7995).

Andercon,
Darid,Erodingthe CommongThePoliticsof Ecologyin Boringo,Kenyo,1890-1963
| 2OO2).
Showers,
Kate.B,/mpprial 6ullies:Soiletosionond Conservotion
in Lesotho( 2OO5).

WEEK13 lmakeupl November23 COUNTER-MOVEMENTS

: AppROpRtATtONS
AND REFUSAT-S

Lebovics,
Herman,Sringingthe EmpireBdckHone \2OO4]/,13-51.

Comaroff,
John.1.andJeanComaroff,"Commodifying
Descent,
AmericanStyle,,'in Ethnicity,tnc. IZOO'),
50-8s.

Audra,"OnEthnographic
Simpson, Refusal: 'voice'and
lndjgeneity, coJonjaj
cjtjzenship,
Juhctures
9 /Dec
2007),67-80.

Beinart
andHughs, "Reassertion
of Indigenous
Environmental
Rights
andKnowledge,,,
in Ervironment
ondEnlphe1329-57].

Stoler,Ann laura,''MemoryWorI rnlava" in aornoiKnowledqe

l2OO2)

Seealso:

S.otl, David,"TheSocjalConstruatjon I 5tudjes," jn PosfralonjDl

of Postcojonia Studjetond Beyond

Cooper, "Postcolonial
Frederick, Studles
andthe Studyof Hi5tory"
in Postcoloniol
Studies
oDdBeyond

WEEK
14 December2 RECASTING
THECOLONIAL
PAST:
the caseol France

Balibar,Etienne,"Droltde clti or Apartheid?'in We,ThePeopleof Europe?Reflections

on Tronsnotional
CitizenshiplPtincelon,2004),31'50.

AnnLaura"ColonialAphasia:
Stoler, On RaceandDrsabled in F?nce"publicCulture23,I1201O),
Histories
t ^ , ?r . Mbembe, "MustFrance
Achille, be provrnc
aiized?PublicCulture
23,1(2010),
N':,'
Bayart,lean Francois,
"Postcolonral an lnventionof fradition?' publit Cultute23, 't l2O1D),
Studres:

wEEK15 December
9 REIOCATING
THECOl.ONlAt
PRESENT

I)erek,Ire Coloniol
Gregory, Present.
| 29,24862.
 $
9

Feld m a nl l ,ana,"HomeasaRefrain: Re me mb e rin g a n d L iv in s Dis p la c e me n lin c a z a " H i s t o r y o n d

Menory lal2J2006,70-47.

Sham;r, "Occupation
Ronen, Thelmpossibility
as Disorientation: of Botderc"in ThePoweraf lnElusive
Exclusion:
Anatomyof lstueliRulein the Occupted
Polestinion
Territories,
ed.Adi Ophir,MichaelGtvoni,
(NewYork:Zone8ooks,2009),587-96
SariHanafi,

L,)

WE€K16December
15 FINAL
ESSAYS
OU€

ETHNOGRAPHIC
RENOERINGS
OFCOLONIAI.
CRITIQUE

walf , E.ic,Sansofthe ShokingEorth\19591

Geetlz,Cliflotd,Agriculturollnvolution:ThePtocesses
of Ecological
Chongein lndonesio\1968)

Taussig,
Michael,
Ihe DevilandCommodlity (1980)
Fetishism

Stoler,Ann Laura,Copltolism in Sumotro'sPlontotionBelt(1985)

ond Confrontotion

Iaussig,Michael,shomontsm, ond the Wld Mon. A studyjn Terrorohd HeolinglI9Al)

Colonioi)sm

Cohn,Bernard,Coloniolism from l980sl( 1996).

ond lts Fan)sol Knolr/edqe{essays

Dirks,Nicholas, and Culture11992l'

ed.,Coloniolism

Peorberton,
John,O the Subjectol "Jova"17991).

Trouillot,
Michel-Rolph,
Silencing
thePost\1995)

Stoer, Ann Laura,Raceond the Educotian

oJDesre11995).

Swedenberg,
Ted,MemotiesoJRevait'1995).

Mamdani,Mahmood,Citizenand SubjectCantpmporory
AIrrcoand the Legocyof LateCalontolEm
(r995).

Price,Richard,Convlctond Colonel.A Srcryal Caiantolism in the Cotibbeon11997)

and Retistonce

Redfleld,Peter,Spo.eln the Trcpicsl20\)l

ta blan,lohannes,Out of Out Minds:Reosan

ond Modnessin the Explorotion
ol CentrolAJrico(20OA)

Co1e,Jenntfet, Socriftce
ForyetColoniolism: ond the Art of Memoryin Modagascor(2001)
 s
10

I D .ks,Nicholas,
Costesol Mind:Coloniolism
and the Mokinqof Moden tndio l2OO7]

Chatterjee,
Dipesh,Hobitotionsol Modernity:Essoys
in the Wokeof SubalternStudiesl2OO2)

Silverblatt,
lrene,ModernInquisitionsl2OO4l

Dubois,.Iaurent
,4Coloryol Citizens.2004)

scott,David,Conscfrpfs
of Modernity:TheTrogedyaf ColoniolEnlightenment
l2OO4l

Stoler,Ann Laura,ed. Hountedby Empire:Geogrophies

of lntimacyin NorthAmericonHistotylZOO6l

Ho,Engseng,
Ihe.Groves
of Toim: Geneology
and Mobilityoctossthe lndionOceon(2006).

Vine,David,lslondof Shome:TheSectetHistoryof theU.S.MilitoryBoseon DiegaGorcio\2009)

Rushdie,
SalmanMidnlght'sChildren

Marguerite
Duras,Seowol/

Pramoedya
AnantaToet,This
Eorthof Monkind[1975],
Childof All Notions,Houseof Gloss[1988]

TheMute'sSoliloquy
[1999],

Films:

"LaHaine"

"Cache"

"Chocolat"

"Battleof Algiers"