Tenses

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
SP I teach English English is taught by me

PC I am teaching English English is being taught by me
PP I have taught English English has been taught by me
PPC I have been teaching English
SPa I taught English English was taught by me

PaC I was teaching English English was being taught by me
PaP I had taught English English had been taught by me
PaPC I have been teaching English
SF I will teach English English will be taught English by me

FC I will be teaching English English will be being taught
FP I will have taught English English will have been taught
FPC I will have been teaching
going to am/is/are going to help
was/were going to help
Ref: English Form 2 : Fajar Bakti Pg 17

I have I've
He has He's
She has She's
It has It's
We have We've
You have You've
They have They've
Reference
Active Voice (Negative) Passive Voice (Negative)
I do not teach English English is taught by me ME-144
I am not teaching English English is being taught by me ME-144
I have not taught English English has been taught by me ME-144
I have been teaching English SME-11 ME-144
I taught English English was taught by me ME-147

I was teaching English English was being taught by me ME-147
I had taught English English had been taught by me ME-147
I have been teaching English SME-16 ME-147
I will teach English English will be taught English by me ME-148

I will be teaching English English will be being taught ME-149
I will have taught English English will have been taught SME-19 ME-149
I will have been teaching ME-149
SME-20
am/is/are going to help
NHSEG-71 FE1-111 FE2-17 IE-1,12,82,87,88,90
NHSEG-71 FE1-183 FE2-17 IE-10,12,55,66,84,87,90
NHSEG-71 FE2-51,71 IE-24,35,40,86,87,88,90
NHSEG-71 FE1-87 FE2-17,25 IE-24,25,32,40,45,82,87,90

NHSEG-72 FE2-25,37 IE-24,25,,32,33,84,87,88,90
FE2-93 IE-24,25,43,86,87,90
NHSEG-72 FE1-206 FE2-17 IE-55,56,87,88,90

NHSEG-72 IE-55,70
IE-55,74,86,87,88,90
IE-61,90
Tense
1 SP Simple Present
2 PC Present Continous
3 PP Present Perfect
4 PPC Present Perfect Continous
5 SPa Simple Past
6 PaC Past Continous
7 PaP Past Perfect
8 PaPC Past Perfect Continous
9 SF Simple Future
10 FC Future Continous
11 FP Future Perfect
12 FPC Future Perfect Continous
No. Code ISBN Title Writer
983-68- New High School English Grammar
1 NHSEG
01782 with Exercises and Answers
983-061-
2 SME Systematic Modern English Mustafa Zubair
196-5
A Guide To English Language For

3 AGTELFLCE Goh Kooi Cheng
L.C.E
ESL Lecturers,
English
967-958- Foundation English 1 (Grammar and
4 FE1 Department of the
024-5 Writing)
Language Centre,
ITM
ESL Lecturers,
English
967-958- Foundation English 2 (Grammar and
5 FE2 Department of the
030-X Writing)
Language Centre,
ITM
ESL Lecturers,
English
967-958- Intermediate English (Grammar and
6 IE Department of the
035-0 Writing)
Language Centre,
ITM
7 WO Wan Omar
8 EF2 English Form 2 Noor Azlina Yunus

Angeline
Fernandez
Alex Fernandez,
GME Grammar Made Easy
Y.C Tan
ME Mastering English-The Easy Way Milon Nandy
ISBN 983- Siti Haslina,

Lestari Lestari Smart UPSR Bahasa Inggeris
155-224-5 Helena Gan
Publisher Printer Edition
Minerva Publications Percetakan Zafar Sdn Bhd 1995
Crescent News(KL) Sdn. Bhd Percetakan Putrajaya Sdn Bhd 2003
Nan Yang Publishers, 28, Yau

Khun Wah Printers, 8 leith
tet Shin Street, Ipoh, Perak and 1963
Street, Penang
201, Carnarvon Street, Penang
Biroteks, Institut Teknologi

Zainon Kassim Sdn. Bhd for
MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor 1992
Jabatan Percetakan Negara, K.L
1986

Unit Percetakan ITM, Jalan
Kreatif, ITM, 40450 Shah Alam
1987

ITM Printing Unit, Shah Alam,
Selangor
1988
Chee Leong Press Sdn Bhd,

Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd 1997
Ipoh
Kumpulan Rusa (M) Sdn.Bhd Laser Press sdn Bhd, PJ
Info-Didik Sdn. Bhd

Sentences Tenses Reference
Mary can speak English FE2-133
The rain has stopped.The boys can play football
You can use my pen
It cannot be divorced from.. TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
Can you include the programme TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
Can I borrow your eraser?

Of course
May I have an orange, please?

Sure
Please pass me the sugar

Here you are
Would you please post this letter?

No problem
Could you please pass the plate?

My pleasure
Would you mind helping me, please?

Yes
Excuse me, may I use the telephone?

Here you are
NOUN-PRONOUN AGREEMENT IE-20
Singular Nouns Singular Pronouns

Subject Object Possessive
Ali he him his
the girl she her her/hers
the cat it her its
I me my/mine
Plural Nouns Plural Nouns

Subject Object Possessive
John and I we us our/ours
the men they them their/theirs
PRONOUNS THAT SHOW POSSESSION FE1-27

SINGULAR PLURAL
POSSESSIVE FORMS POSSESSIVE FORMS
PRONOUNS Before a Instead of a PRONOUNS Before a Instead of a
noun noun noun noun
I my mine we our ours
you your yours you your yours
he his his they their theirs
she her hers they their theirs
it its they their theirs
eg
It
The comitte is presenting its decision IE-20
The dog scratched itself with its claw FE1-40

It ran after the children FE1-32
It chased the cat FE1-40
The door was open. He closed it FE1-33
The dog wagged its tail FE1-28
The tree lost its leaves FE1-28
Kinds of Pronouns ME-41

Personal Pronoun: I, we, you, he, she, it
Possessive Pronoun: mine, ours,y ours, his, hers, its, theirs
Reflexive Pronoun: myself, ourselves, yourself, or yourselves, himself, itself, themselves
Demonstrative Pronoun: this, that, these, those, such, same,etc.
Interrogative Pronoun: Who? Which? What? Whose?
Relative Pronoun: who, which, that, what, whom, as, whoever, whichever, whatever
Indefinite Pronoun: one, any, each, some, all, none, nothing, anyone, something, somebody,etc
Distributive Pronoun: each, either, either,etc
That was my car FE1-28
That car was mine FE1-28
FE1-28
That was her room FE1-28
That room was hers FE1-28
FE1-28
They were our books FE1-28
The books were ours FE1-28
FE1-28
It was their garden FE1-28
The garden was theirs FE1-28
The dog wagged its tail

-
the table's leg wrong ME-49

the legs of a table correct ME-49
yourself (singular) EF2-206

yourselves (plural)
Mokhtar kicks the ball. It's a goal EF2-207

Mokhtar kicks the ball. It is a goal EF2-207
it's raining Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-108

it's a long way from here to the post office Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-109
Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-110
Note: it's refer to it is or it has Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-111
SP "I live in Ipoh"
SP He says (that) he lives in Ipoh
SP He said, "I'm sorry."

SPa He said (that) he was sorry
Statement
SP Ah Leong said, "I am thirsty now."
SPa Ah Leong said that he was thirsty then.
SP Mary said, " I am hungry."

SPa Mary said that she was hungry
PC Ali said, "I am doing my homework."

PaC Ali said that he was doing his homework.
PP .
PaP He said that he had fed the cat.
SPa He said, " I met them yesterday."

SPa He said that he met them the previous day
SPa They said, "We buried him in the night."

PaP They said that they had buried him in the night.
John's mother asked,"Did you feed the dog before you went out?"
John's mother asked whether he had fed the dog before he went out.
He said, "I feel fine."

He said that he felt fine.
He said "No,"
He answered in the negative
He refused
He denied it
He forbade it
He said, "Yes,"
He answered in the affirmative
He agreed
He permitted
He accepted
He assented
Leela said, "I am tired."

Leela said that she was tired
"I will call you," said Ida.

Ida said that she would call me.
Question
SF He asked her, "Will you be free tomorrow?"
He asked her whether she would be free the next day.
PC The policeman asked Ramasay, "What are you doing?"

PaC The policeman asked Ramasay what he was doing.
Commands and Request

The teacher said to Ali "Keep that book."
The teacher asked (or told) Ali to keep that book.
The general shouted to the soldiers: "Halt!"

The general ordered the soldiers to halt.
She said to him, "Please leave me alone."

She begged him to leave her alone.
Exclamations and Wishes

He said, "Alas! I have lost all that are dear to me."
He exclaimed that he had lost all that were dear to him.
She said, "I wish my brother will reach here punctually."

She wished that her brother would reach there punctually.
Ref Book Pg
EF2-210
AGTELFLCE 72
AGTELFLCE 73
AGTELFLCE 73
AGTELFLCE 73
AGTELFLCE 73
AGTELFLCE 73
AGTELFLCE 74
AGTELFLCE 74
AGTELFLCE 75
AGTELFLCE 75
AGTELFLCE 75
AGTELFLCE 76
AGTELFLCE 77
AGTELFLCE 77
AGTELFLCE 77
AGTELFLCE 78
AGTELFLCE 78
Every teacher has a record-book FE1-134
Everyone knows the answer FE1-134
In this class, every student does his work well FE1-134
Every one of the soldiers is brave FE1-135
Every one needs oxygen IE-15
Each applicant is here for the interview FE1-134

Each of the boys plays badminton FE1-135
Each of the oranges is bad IE-16

Either Samad or Kassim has a car FE1-133
Either Mr. Brown or his sons know about the accident FE1-133
Either the teacher or the students are in the classroom IE-16
Either of the girls sweeps the floor IE-16
Either the boy or the girls are intelligent IE-17
Neither the boys nor the girls are absent today FE1-133
Neither the children nor Encik Ali knows about the
holiday FE1-133
Neither of these boys knows what to do IE-15
Neither of the children is sleeping now IE-16

Neither the girls nor the boy is intelligent IE-17
Some are drinking coffee at the cafeteria
Something is burning in the kitchen IE-15
Nobody wants to help her FE1-134
No one is in the room IE-15

Anybody is welcome IE-15
One of the books is missing FE1-135
One of my neighbours has a durian tree in his garden FE1-135
Sentences
There is a bird in the cage

There are three birds in the nest
There is a banana on the table
There are one hundred and twenty minutes in two hours
There are three hundred dollars in the drawer
There are two hundred kilometres more to Ipoh
Reference
FE1-136
FE1-136
FE1-137
FE1-137
FE1-137
Wh Ref
When did Susan go to school? FE2-161

When will Dan study in the library? FE2-161
When is Siti going to Klang? FE2-161
When have they been to the museum? FE2-161
Where did Susan go in the morning? FE2-161

Where will Dan study this afternoon? FE2-161
Where is Siti going at 4 o'clock? FE2-161
Where have they been this year? FE2-161
Why did Susan go to school in the morning? FE2-161

Why will Dan study in the library this afternoon?
FE2-161
Why is Dan going to study in the library? FE2-159
Why have they been to the museum this year? FE2-161
Notes
"When" asks for information about time FE2-160
"Where" asks for information about place FE2-160
"Why" asks for the reasons FE2-160

Wh Ref
Where did Susan go in the morning? FE2-161

Where will Dan study this afternoon? FE2-161
Where is Siti going at 4 o'clock? FE2-161
Where have they been this year? FE2-161
Notes
"Where" asks for information about place FE2-160

Wh Ref Notes
Why did Susan go to school in the morning? FE2-161 "Why" asks for the reasons FE2-160
Why will Dan study in the library this afternoon? FE2-161
Why have they been to the museum this year? FE2-161
Wh Ref Notes
Who is taller, Ali or Yap? EF2-17
Yap is taller than Ali
Who is the tallest boxer?
Yip is
Who has the longest legs?
Yip has
Wh Auxiliary Verb Subject Verb Object/Complement
What has fallen into the ditch?

What is growing very fast?
What eats/eat seeds?
What will John feed?

What has Sarah bought?
What did they visit?
What does she do?

What is Mary doing?
What will Dick do?
What has Tim done?
What kind of Noun Aux Verb Subject Verb

What kind of book do you want?
What kind of shoes is he wearing?
What kind of car has he bought?
What kind of house will he buy?
FE2-164 "What" ask about Subject FE2-163
FE2-165 "What" ask about Object FE2-165

FE2-165
FE2-165
FE2-167
FE2-167
FE2-167
FE2-167
FE2-168 "What kind of" ask about Object

FE2-168 Besides "kind of" other words are e.g type, brand, make etc
FE2-168
FE2-168
Which bag do you want?

Which shirts are you buying?
Which one does he like?
Which ones has he taken?
Which will he take?
Which will she like?
Wh Noun Verb Object/Complement

Which bus stops at the station?
Which shops close on Fridays?
Which one serves Chinese food?
Which ones sell well?
Which goes fast?
Which wll attract the customers?
FE2-169 "Which" ask about Object FE2-169
FE2-170 "Which" ask about Subject FE2-170

Whose Noun Aux Verb Subject Verb

Whose book did you take?
Whose bicycle has he borrowed?
Whose will siti use?
Whose does John wear?
Whose shoulders are the broadest? Jay's are. EF2-17

used to ask about possession FE2-171
FE2-171
FE2-171
FE2-171
FE2-171
How Aux Verb Subject Verb Complement
How did John go to school?
How is Siti returning home?
How will they go to Ipoh?
How has he gone to the shop?
How will Raman walk?

How has Azizah done in the test?
How did he speak at the concert?
How do they work with the machines?
How Adj/Adverb Aux Verb Subject Verb

How tall did the tree grow?
How long will the concert last?
How far has the boy run
How cheap is he selling
How quickly did Haris come?

How well does she play
How soon will he leave?
How early is Din coming
How Adj/Adverb Noun Aux Verb Subject

How many cakes did Ali
How many glasses have they
How much money does he
How much rice is she
How often does Jim
How many times a week will they
How far does he
How many miles will he
How long did your uncle
How many hours does it
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Object/Complement
FE2-174
FE2-174
in the race? FE2-174
the goods? FE2-174
FE2-174
the piano? FE2-174
FE2-174
to see me? FE2-174
Verb Object/Complement
eat?
borrowed?
need?
cooking?
brush his teeth?
practise?
cycle every day?
travel by car?
stay with you?
take to prepare dinner?
To ask about manner FE2-174
P
The students invite Mr. Pile to speak at their college last year
Who invite Mr. Pile to speak?

The students do
What do the students do?

They invite Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom do the students invite?

They invite Mr Pile
Why do the students invite Mr Pile?

They invite him to speak at their college
Where do Mr. Pile speak?

He speaks at their college
When do Mr Pile speak at their college?

He speaks to them last year
PP
The students have invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college today
Who have invited Mr. Pile to speak?

The students have
What have the students done?

They are inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom have the students invited?

They have invited Mr Pile
Why have the students invited Mr Pile?

They have invited him to speak at their college
Where has Mr. Pile spoken?

He has spoken at their college
When has Mr Pile spoken at their college?

He has spoken to them tomorrow to day
PC
The students are inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow
Who are inviting Mr. Pile to speak?

The students are
What are the students doing?

They are inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom are the students inviting?

They are inviting Mr Pile
Why are the students inviting Mr Pile?
They are inviting him to speak at their college
Where is Mr. Pile speaking?

He is speaking at their college
When is Mr Pile speaking at their college?

He is speaking to them tomorrow
PPC
The students have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college since last year
Who have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak?

The students have
What have the students been doing?

They have been inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom have the students been inviting?

They have been inviting Mr Pile
Why have the students been inviting Mr Pile?

They have been inviting him to speak at their college
Where has Mr. Pile been speaking?

He has been speaking at their college
When has Mr Pile been speaking at their college?

He has been speaking to them today
Pa
The students invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college last year
Who invited Mr. Pile to speak?

The students did.
What did the students do?

They invited Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom did the students invite?

They invited Mr Pile
Why did the students invite Mr Pile?

They invited him to speak at their college
Where did Mr. Pile speak?

He spoke at their college
When did Mr Pile speak at their college?

He spoke to them last year
PaP
The students had invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who had invited Mr. Pile to speak?
The students had
What had the students do?

They had invited Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom had the students invited?

They had invited Mr Pile
Why had the students invited Mr Pile?

They had invited him to speak at their college
Where had Mr. Pile spoken?

He had spoken at their college
When had Mr Pile spoken at their college?

He had spoken to them tomorrow
PaC
The students were inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who were inviting Mr. Pile to speak?

The students were
What were the students doing?

They were inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom were the students inviting?

They were inviting Mr Pile
Why were the students inviting Mr Pile?

They were inviting him to speak at their college
Where was Mr. Pile speaking?

He was speaking at their college
When was Mr Pile speaking at their college?

He was speaking to them tomorrow
PaPC
The students had been inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who had been inviting Mr. Pile to speak?

The students had
What had the students been doing?

They had been inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom had the students been inviting?

They had been inviting Mr Pile
Why had the students been inviting Mr Pile?

They had been inviting him to speak at their college
Where had Mr. Pile been speaking?
He had been speaking at their college
When had Mr Pile been speaking at their college?

He had been speaking to them tomorrow
F
The students will invite Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who will invite Mr. Pile to speak?

The students will
What will the students do?

They will invite Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom will the students invite?

They will invite Mr Pile
Why will the students invite Mr Pile?

They will invite him to speak at their college
Where will Mr. Pile speak?

He wil speak at their college
When will Mr Pile speak at their college?

He will speak to them tomorrow
FP
The students will have invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who will have invited Mr. Pile to speak?

The students will
What will the students have done?

They will have invited Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom will the students have invited?

They will have invited Mr Pile
Why will the students have invited Mr Pile?

They will have invited him to speak at their college
Where will Mr. Pile have spoken?

He will have spoken at their college
When will Mr Pile have spoken at their college?

He will have spoken to them tomorrow
FC
The students will be inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who will be inviting Mr. Pile to speak?

The students will
What will the students be doing?
They will be inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom will the students be inviting?

They will be inviting Mr Pile
Why will the students be inviting Mr Pile?

They will be inviting him to speak at their college
Where will Mr. Pile be speaking?

He will be speaking at their college
When will Mr Pile be speaking at their college?

He will be speaking to them tomorrow
FPC
The students will have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow?
Who will have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak?

The students will
What will the students have been doing?

They will have been inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college
Whom will the students have been inviting?

They will have been inviting Mr Pile
Why will the students have been inviting Mr Pile?

They will have been inviting him to speak at their college
Where will Mr. Pile be have been speaking?

He will have been speaking at their college
When will Mr Pile be speaking at their college?

He will have been speaking to them tomorrow
not sure
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO
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Wh Adj/Adv Noun Aux Verb Be
Who is
What was
Where are
Why were
When is
How are
How long was

How many cups are
How much sugar is
How often is
How far was
How long was
Whose bicycle is
Whose car was
Whose books are
Whose parents were
Which house is
Which bag was
Which cars are
Which shirts were
Who will be
Who has been
What will be
What has been
Whose mother will be

Whose brother has been
Which house will be

Which shirts have been
hungry?
in the cage?
the girls?
they tired?
the meeting?
the students?
the snake?
there on the table?
there in the bowl?
Tim here?
the museum?
the journey?
it?
in the workshop?
these?
at the shop?
this?
that?
those?
these?
in the room?
to the museum?
ready first?
in the fridge for a week?
out?
to the dentist twice?
expensive?
ready since yesterday?
Sentences Note Reference
Am I wrong? IE-6
Is she very hungry? IE-6
Are they naughty? IE-6
Does he play the guitar? IE-6

Do they play football? IE-6
Isn't she very hungry? IE-6

Aren't they naughty? IE-6
Doesn't he play the guitar? IE-6

Don't they play football? IE-6
Is Kassim reading the newspaper at present? IE-11

Are the children still playing in the garden? IE-11
Isn't Kassim reading the newspaper at present? IE-11

Aren't the children still playing in the garden? IE-11
Have they been to Japan recently? IE-35

Have I passed the test? IE-35
Has Ali done the job? IE-35
Haven't they been to Japan recently? IE-35
Haven't I passed the test? IE-35

Hasn't Ali done the job? IE-35
Was I in the team? IE-27

Were they busy yesterday? IE-27
Did she vote in the last elections? IE-27

Did the athletes run? IE-27
Wasn't I in the team? IE-27

Weren't they busy yesterday? IE-27
Didn't she vote in the last elections? IE-27

Didn't the athletes run? IE-27
Was she resting at that time? IE-30

Were the men working all afternoon? IE-30
Wasn't she resting at that time? IE-30

Weren't the men working all afternoon? IE-30
Had it ended before he came? IE-44

Had they had left by 6.00 am? IE-44
Hadn't it ended before he came? IE-44
Had they left by 6.00 am? IE-44
Will she be here tomorrow? IE-57

Will they be late? IE-57
Will he come next Monday? IE-57

Will they call a meeting soon? IE-57
Won't she be here tomorrow? IE-57

Won't they be late? IE-57
Won't he come next Monday? IE-57

Won't they call a meeting soon? IE-57
Will she be leaving tomorrow? IE-70

Will they be graduating next month? IE-70
Won't she be leaving tomorrow? IE-70

Won't they be graduating next month? IE-70
Will they have been here for six hours by then? IE-74
Will we have finished the work by next week IE-74
Won't they have been here for six hours by then? IE-74
Won't we have finished the work by next week? IE-74
Am I going to be helped by Daud? IE-90
Passive
Is the manager helped by his assistant? IE-90
Had the cheese been eaten by the mice? IE-90
The fish will have been eaten by the cat IE-88

The fish will not have been eaten by the cat IE-88
The plants will have been eaten by the cows IE-90

Will the plants have been eaten by the cows? IE-90
Sentences Reference
Action Verb
I eat IE-3
We eat IE-3
You eat IE-3
He eats IE-3
She eats IE-3
It eats IE-3
They eat IE-3
Verb 'be' IE-3

I am IE-3
We are IE-3
You are IE-3
He is IE-3
She is IE-3
It is IE-3
They are IE-3
Usage IE-2
a) To show a habitual or a repeated action IE-2
1. He sleeps at 10 o'clock every night IE-2
2. The children watch television in the evening IE-2
3. Aminah carries an umbrella to work every day IE-2
b) To show a fact or general truth IE-2

1. A bee buzzes IE-2
2. Dogs are useful animals IE-2
3. The Erath is a planet IE-2
c) To provide existing information about a person or thing IE-2

1. Mary has a car IE-2
2. I am very busy right now IE-2
3. The building is tall IE-2
Adverbs of Frequency ie always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never FE1-115
We always sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We usually sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We frequently sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We often sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We sometimes sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We seldom sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We rarely sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
We never sleep in the afternoon FE1-115
Samsuddin always attends lectures - 100% attendance FE1-116

Samsuddin usually attends lectures - 90% attendance FE1-116
Samsuddin frequently attends lectures - 90% attendance FE1-116
Samsuddin often attends lectures - 90% attendance FE1-116
Samsuddin sometimes attends lectures - 70% attendance FE1-116
Samsuddin seldom attends lectures - 40% attendance FE1-116
Samsuddin rarely attends lectures - 40% attendance FE1-116
Samsuddin never attends lectures - 0% attendance FE1-116
It snows in winter FE1-111

I go to class everyday FE1-112
They walk to school everyday FE1-112
I visit my uncle every Hari Raya FE1-112
The sun rises in the east. FE1-112
Light travels faster than sound FE1-112
Tom is a carpenter FE1-112
I have $10 in my pocket FE1-112
My friend and I play football every Saturday FE1-115
My father visits me in the hostel once a month FE1-115
I am clever FE1-119
I am not clever FE1-119
He is asleep FE1-119
He is not asleep FE1-119
He isn't asleep FE1-119
She is honest FE1-119
She is not honest FE1-119
she isn't honest FE1-119
We are sisters FE1-119
We are not sisters FE1-119
We aren't sisters FE1-119
You are my friend FE1-119
You are not my friend FE1-119
You aren't my friend FE1-119
The child eats FE1-121
The child does not eat FE1-121
The child / He / She /It eats FE1-121
The child / He / She /It does not eat FE1-121
The children / We / They eat FE1-121
The children / We / They do not eat FE1-121
I / You eat FE1-121
I / You do not eat FE1-121
A hundred and twenty minutes is enough time to answer all the questions FE1-137
Three hundred dollars for this radio is too much FE1-137
Two hundred kilometres is too far away FE1-137
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Simple Present Tense IE-6
Affirmative - be IE-6
I am wrong IE-6
She is very hungry IE-6
They are naughty IE-6
Affirmative - Action Verb IE-6

He plays the guitar IE-6
They play football IE-6
Negative - be IE-6
I am not wrong IE-6
She is not very hungry IE-6
They are not naughty IE-6
She isn't very hungry IE-6
They aren't naughty IE-6
Negative - Action Verb IE-6

He does not play the guitar IE-6
They do not play football IE-6
He doesn't play the guitar IE-6
They don't play football IE-6
Interrogative - Affirmative - be IE-6

Am I wrong? IE-6
Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb IE-6

Does he play the guitar? IE-6
Do they play football? IE-6
Interrogative - Negative - be IE-6

Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb IE-6

Doesn't he play the guitar? IE-6
Don't they play football? IE-6
Neither of these boys knows what to do IE-15

Some are drinking coffee at the cafeteria
Either the teacher or the students are in the classroom IE-16
There is a banana on the table
The team practises football every evening IE-17
The team are receiving their individual medals from the king
Passive Voice- Affirmative IE-81

The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes,
incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the
active and the passive IE-81
IE-81
Sentences in the passive form are used: IE-81
(i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action; IE-81
or IE-81
(ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is IE-81
Sally feeds the rabbits IE-82

The rabbits are fed by Sally IE-82
The boy helps me IE-83

I am helped by the boy IE-83
The boys help Dan IE-83

Dan is helped by the boys IE-83
The boys help the children IE-83

The children are helped by the boys IE-83
Passive Voice- Negative IE-88

The children are helped by their parents IE-88
The children are not helped by their parents IE-88
Passive Voice- Interrogative IE-90

The manager is helped by his assistant IE-90
Is the manager helped by his assistant? IE-90
Sentences
I am eating
We are eating
You are eating
He is eating
She is eating
It is eating
They are eating
We are reading this sentence now

We are studying Foundation English 1 this semester (now)
Our lecturer is teaching us now
At present, we are siiting in class
It is raining at the moment
My sister is dancing and I am listening to music
Now we are learning the Present Continous Tense
I am still living in Kota Kinabalu
I am appliying for a scholarship
I am not applying for a scholarship
Linda is acting in the play
Linda is not acting in the play
The students are borrowing books from the library
The students are not borrowing books from the library
She is not baking a cake
She isn't baking a cake
The school children are not waiting at the gate
The school children aren't waiting at the gate
I am disturbing you
Am I disturbing you?
The woman is buying shoes
Is the woman buying shoes?
The children are eating burgers at the snack bar
Are the children eating burgers at the snack bar?
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Present Continous Tense
Affirmative
I am watching T.V. now
At present, Kassim is reading the newspaper
The children are still playing in the garden
Negative
I am not watching T.V. now
At present, Kassim is not reading the newspaper
The children are not playing in the garden at the moment
Interrogative - Affirmative
Am I watching T.V. now
Is Kassim reading the newspaper at present?
Are the children still playing in the garden?
Interrogative - Negative
Isn't Kassim reading the newspaper at present
Aren't the children still playing in the garden?
Meaning
The Present Continous Tense indicates that an action is continuing or in progress at the
moment of speaking. The action is temporarily in progress and has a limited duration
Usage
a) To show that an activity or a situation is happening now - at the time of speaking
Examples
The teacher is teaching English now
We are listening to the teache
I am studying the Present Continous Tense now
b) To show that an activity is generally in progress over a period of time

Siti is taking French this semester
They are preparing for the exhibition this week
I am working on my project this week
Passive Voice
The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various
processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or
using both the active and the passive
The bull is chasing me

I am being chased by the bull
The boys are chasing the goat

The goat is being chased by the boys
The cat is chasing the birds

The birds are being chased by the cat
Passive Voice - Interrogative

The boys are being chased by the gardener
Are the boys being chased by the gardener?
Reference
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Sentences
have/has + past participle
I have taken
We have taken
You have taken
He has taken
She has taken
They have taken
Malaysia has been independent since 1957

Malaysia has been independent for more than 20 years
I have painted five pictures so far
Up to now, I have painted five pictures
I have already painted five pictures
I have recently painted five pictures
I have painted five pictures recently
I have painted five pictures lately
I have completed the work
I have already completed the work
My father has had a promotion
My father has just had a promotion
My father has had a promotion lately
No one has been to mars
So far, no one has been to Mars
No one has been to Mars up to now
They have framed the family photograph

They have not framed the family photograph
They haven't framed the family photograph
Hussein has not framed the pictures

Hussein has still not framed the pictures
Hussein still hasn't framed the pictures
Hussein has not framed the picture yet
We have not pruned the fruit trees

We have never pruned the fruit trees
No one has ever pruned the fruit trees
You have rewriiten the essay

Have you rewritten the essay?
Has he ever done a difficult job?

No, he has never done a difficult job
Yes, he has done diificult jobs many times
Have you ever taught a child to count to ten?

Yes, I have, I have done that many times
No, I haven't. I have never taught a child to count to ten
No, I haven't; I have not taught a child to count to ten yet
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Present Perfect Tense
Affirmative - be
They have been to Japan recently
Affirmative - Action Verb

I have passed the test
Ali has done the job
Negative - be
They have not been to Japan recently
Negative - Action Verb

I have not passed the test
Ali has not done the job
Interrogative - Affirmative - be
Have they been to Japan recently?
Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb

Have I passed the test?
Has Ali done the job?
Interrogative - Negative - be
Haven't they been to Japan recently?
Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb

Haven't I passed the test?
Hasn't Ali done the job?
Usage
a) To express an activity or activities that happened at some unspecified time in the past
e.g I have just received the message
The pilot has flown that jet several times
b) To express a situation that began in the past, but has continued up to the present and will probably
continue into the future. "Since" and "for" are usually used in such situations
e.g. We have known her since 1975
e.g We have known her for more than ten years
c) To express a past event which has an effect or result in the present time
e.g. I have cut my finger. (It is bleeding now)
The taxi has arrived. (It is here now)
d) To express an activity that may or may not have happened in the life time of a person. "Ever" and
"never" are usually used in such situations
e.g. Have you ever seen the Taj Mahal?
She has never been in love
Time Expressions
already
just
yet
ever
never
recently
lately
so far
up to now
for
since
Passive Voice
active and the passive
The boys have eaten the cake

The cake has been eaten by the boys
The goat has eaten the plants

The plants have been eaten by the goats
Passive Voice - Negative

The seeds have been eaten by the birds
The seeds have not been eaten by the birds
Present Perfect
We normally use the Present Perfect when we want to talk about about something which happened
in the past but is relevant now. Often we use words like just/already/not ...yet with the Present
Perfect.
I feel really tired. I've just finished my report.

I haven't spoken to Brian yet but I've already spoken to Malcolm.
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about an imprecise time in the past but as soon as we
become precise we switch to the Past Simple.
I've never been to Australia. Have you ever been there?

Yes I have. I went in 1992.
The present perfect tense is common in English. It is used for many different functions. This page will
explain the most important uses of the present perfect tense
Reference
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bergen.edu/library/learning/english/grtopics.html
Sentences Reference
I have been sleeping AGTELFLCE-93
We have been sleeping AGTELFLCE-93
You have been sleeping AGTELFLCE-93
He have been sleeping AGTELFLCE-93
She have been sleeping AGTELFLCE-93
It have been sleeping AGTELFLCE-93
I have been living in this town for twenty years SME- 11

You have been doing your exercises for two hours SME- 11
She has been typing the letters since this morning SME- 11
He has been working in this company for ten months SME- 11
we have been playing bowling for one hour SME- 11
They have been studying English for ten minutes SME- 11
Sentences
I saw
We saw
You saw
He saw
She saw
It saw
They saw
I bought a pair of new shoes yesterday

Ali visited his grandmother last night
It rained heavily at 5 p.m (It is now 7 p.m)
Two years ago, I went to Singapore
He walked to school
He did not walk to school
I worked hard
I did not work hard
I didn't work hard
John loved music
John did not love music
John didn't love music
We wrote the letter
We did not write the letter
We didn't write the letter
They went home
They did not go home
They didn't go home
The bus stopped suddenly
The bus did not stop suddenly
The bus didn't stop suddenly
He had a headache
He did not have a headache
He didn't have a headache
They came to the party together
Did they come to the party together?
Ahmad climbed up a tree
Did Ahmad climb up a tree?
Her mother made new dress
Did her mother make a new dress?
The baby cried
Did the baby cry?
He did his home work
Did he do his homework?
Did they have a cat in the house?
Ali was a clever boy
The books were on the desk
The girls were pretty
The students were in class
I was sick yesterday
I was not sick yesterday
I wasn't sick yesterday
He was a good student
He was not a good student
He was'nt a good student
They were classmates
They were not classmates
They weren't classmates
We were happy at the party
We were not happy at the party
We weren't happy at the party
The reports were long and boring
Were the reports long and boring?
It was almost 3 o'clock
Was it almost 3 o'clock?
The meal last night was delicious
Was the meal last night delicious?
They were in the field this morning
Were they in the field this morning?
Amran was at home yesterday
Was Amran at home yesterday?
A girl was in the class
There was a girl in the class
There were girls in the class
There was a bird on the tree
There wasn't a bird on the tree
There were birds on the tree
There weren't birds on the tree
There was a pen in his pocket
Was there a pen in his pocket?
There were oranges in the basket
Were there oranges in the basket?
There were children in the library
Were there chlidren in the library?
There was a small tree near the swimming pool
Wasn't there a small tree near the swimming pool?
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Simple Past Tense
Affirmative - be
I was in the team
They were busy yesterday

She voted in the last elections
The athletes ran
Negative - be
I was not in the team
They were not busy yesterday

She did not vote in the last elections
The athletes did not run
Was I in the team?
Were they busy yesterday?
Did she vote in the last elections?
Did the athletes run?
Wasn't I in the team?
Weren't they busy yesterday?

Didn't she vote in the last elections?
Didn't the athletes run?
Usage
a) To express an action or event that began and ended in the past
e.g. I posted the letter two days ago
Sometimes the subject itself shows that the Past Tense should be used
e.g. Hang Tuah lived during the reign of Sultan Mansor Shah
Dinosaurs were huge creatures that roamed the earth
b) To express habitual actions in the past

e.g. Last week I drove to Ipoh every day
Time Expressions
yesterday
last night (week, year etc.)
just now
two months ( a few minutes, etc.) ago
n 1970, etc (a past period of time
Passive Voice
processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or
using both the active and the passive
Sentences in the passive form are used:

(i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action;
or
(ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is
eg
The cat caught a mouse
A mouse was caught by the cat
The boy threw a stone

A stone was thrown by the boy
The girl helped the child

The child was helped by the girl
The girl helped the children

The children were helped by the girl
Reference
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Sentences
I was walking
We were walking
You were walking
He was walking
She was walking
It was walking
Time phrases express the idea of duration or length of time during which the actions were taking place
We were watching television all evening
The students were preparing for the exhibition the whole of last week
For two hours, mother was cooking in the kitchen
From 5 pm to 7 pm last night, she was practising the piano
While/When/As Jack was reading newspaper, his wife was ironing the clothes
While/When/As Jack was reading newspaper, his wife was ironing the clothes and the children were sleeping
Jack was reading newspaper, while/when/as his wife was ironing the clothes and the children were sleeping
The children were not crying

The children weren't crying
The student was not listening to the teacher
The student wasn't listening to the teacher
The lady was selling ice-cream

Was the lady selling ice-cream?
They were jogging in the field
Were they jogging in the field?
Past Continous + Simple Past

While Azman was reading, his mother called him
While we were having our dinner, the lights went out
When the teacher was giving a lesson, a student fainted
As Tom was talking on the phone, I arrived
The lights went out while we having our dinner

A student fainted when the teacher was giving a lesson
I arrived as Tom was talking on the phone
When Azman was reading and his sisters were watching television, their mother called him
As Azman was reading and his sisters were watching television, their mother called him and told him to take his
bath
While she was not looking, the thief stole her purse
The teacher called her when she was not paying attention
While Aminah was not looking, her brother ate her piece of cake
When the policeman was not watching, the drug addict escaped
She was studying when Alex visited her

Was she studying when Alex visited her?
They were eating when the argument started

Were they eating when the argument started?
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Continous Tense
Affirmative
She was resting at that time
The men were working all afternoon
Negative
She was not resting at that time
The men were not working all afternoon
Was she resting at that time?
Were the men working all afternoon?
Wasn't she resting at that time?
Weren't the men working all afternoon?
Usage
a) To express an action in progress at agiven time in the past
e.g. At five o'clock, it was raining
b) To express two or more actions which were in progress at the same time
e.g While I was cleaning the windows, my sister was scrubbung the floor
c) To show the duration of an action in the past, when used with certain time expressions
e.g They were campaigning for the elections all week long
Time Expressions
while
when
all day yesterday
all last week
all night long, etc.
Past Continous + Simple Past

While I was reading a book, the telephone rang
They were clearing the garden when the bees stung them
Other differences between the use of the Simple Past and Past Continous Tense
Aini wove a "songket" sarong last year
Aini was weaving a "songket" sarong last year
The boy drownded

The boy was drowning
Rabuan jumped over the gate
Rabuan was jumping up and down
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Continous Tense
Affirmative
She was resting at that time
The men were working all afternoon
Negative
She was not resting at that time
The men were not working all afternoon
Was she resting at that time?
Were the men working all afternoon?
Wasn't she resting at that time?
Weren't the men working all afternoon?
Usage
a) To express an action in progress at a given time in the past
At five o'clock, it was raining
b) To express two or more actions which were in progress at the same time
While I was cleaning the windows, my sister was scrubbing the floor
c) To show the duration of an action in the past, when used with certain time expressions
They were campaigning for the elections all week long
She was doing crossword puzzles between 2.30 pm and 4.30 pm
Time Expressions
while
when
all day yesterday
all last week
all night long, etc.
Passive Voice
The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents,
situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive
The bull was chasing the boy

The boy was being chased by the bull
The girl was chasing the goats

The goats were being chased by the girl
The ducks were being chased by the dog
The ducks were not being chased by the dog
Reference
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The past perfect is used to show you which of two events happened first. Imagine that two things
happened in the past:
I went to see the movie.

We discussed the movie in class.
Here, we don't know which order the events happened in. That may be important -- perhaps I went to
see the movie after the discussion, or maybe I saw the movie before the discussion. There are many
ways to make this sequence clear, and the past perfect is one of them. This is how we do it:
I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class.
Here, we KNOW that the discussion took place FIRST -- even though the sentence describing it
comes afterwards. We discussed the movie, and THEN I went to see it. This can be very useful when
you are telling a story or relating a sequence of events. At any point in your story, you can jump BACK
to a previous event, and your reader will not be confused, because the past perfect will make it clear
that the event happened previously. Here is another example:
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy lived in Japan, so I called her
to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there.
(Judy was probably still living in Japan when I called her.)
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy had lived in Japan, so I
called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there.
(Judy no longer lived in Japan -- she returned from there before I applied for the job.)
bergen.edu/library/learning/english/grtopics.html
Sentences
I had begun
We had begun
You had begun
He had begun
She had begun
It had begun
had + past participle

Joining words: after, when, as soon as, by the time, before
After Mrs Benson had got up, she prepared breakfast

After she had prepared breakfast, she woke up the children
After the children had eaten breakfast, the left for school
After the children had left for school, Mrs Benson went to the market
After she had returned home, she prepared lunch
After she had prepared lunch, she rested for a while
When they had rested, they played again

After I had eaten breakfast, I went to school
As soon as Sally had washed the clothes, she hung them out to dry
When the bell rang, we had finished our work
Before the children returned, Puan Asmah had prepared dinner
By the time he left, the rain had stopped
The play had started before we arrived
The train had left by the time they got to the station
All the guests had arrived when Mary cut the cake
The coach called us after the game had ended
The bus left before everyone had arrived
They started the meeting as soon as they had taken the attendance
They had had their dinner before we arrived

The labourers had finished their work before they went for lunch
They had sold the car when I went to see it

They had not sold the car when I went to see it
They hadn't sold the car when I went to see it
He had gone to bed when we came home

Had he gone to bed when we came home
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Perfect Tense
Affirmative
It had ended before he came
They had left by 6.00 am
Negative
It had not ended before he came
They had not left by 6.00 am
Had it ended before he came?
Had they had left by 6.00 am?
Hadn't it ended before he came?
Had they left by 6.00 am?
Usage
The Past Perfect Tense is used to express the first of two or more actions, all of which took place in the
past
Examples
After she had bought a pen, she wrapped it up and gave it to her sister
He had been a teacher for ten years befor he became a lawyer
When she had found her ring, she told everyone the good news
He was not allowed to leave until he had finished his work
As soon as the office boy had delivered the parcel, he left
My family had had diner by the time I got home
The goalkeeper had injured his leg, and couldn't play
Time Expression
after
before
when
until
as soon as
by the time, etc.
When Elsie had typed the letter, she made a phone call (see fig)
Puan Norlia left home at 9.00 am. It had begun to rain half an hour before.She reached the market at
9.30 am and did her marketing hurriedly.When she left the market at 11.00 am, she was happy that the
rain had stopped at 10.30 am. (see fig.)
Note: When "before" or "after" is used ia a sentence, the Simple Past may be used instead of the Past
Perfect. The Past Perfect is not necessary because the time relationship is already clear
Zain had completed his studies before he was twenty

Zain completed his studies before he was twenty
After Laila had taken the medicine, she felt better

After Laila took the medicine, she felt better
Passive Voice
incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active
and the passive
Sally had eaten the pancakes
The pancakes had been eaten by Sally
Passive Voice - Interrogative

The cheese had been eaten by the mice
Had the cheese been eaten by the mice?
Reference
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Sentences Reference
I had been working for two hours SME-16

He had been painting for an hour when the newsman came to
interview him SME-16
Prof. Jackson had been inaugurating his students by the time we
arrived SME-16
Sentences
I shall go
I will go
We shall go
We will go
You will go
He will go
She will go
It will go
They will go
I will visit you tomorrow

The doctor will attend to her shortly
The boys will go to the movies tonight
We will finish the chapter soon
The new headmaster will be here next month
The bank will close in ten minutes
The office boy will despatch all the letters
She will buy some new clothes for herself
I will think about your suggestion

I will not think about your suggestion
I won't think about your suggestion
Libat will be in Kuching next week
Libat will not be in Kuching next week
Libat won't be in Kuching next week
Henry will be late for the lesson today
Will Henry be late for the lesson today?
Simple Present Tense + Simple Future Tense or vice versa

When he comes, we will see him
Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him
Bob will come soon. We will see Bob when he comes
Linda will leave tonight. Before she leaves, she will finish her work
Linda will leave tonight. She will finish her work before she leaves
I will get home at 5.30 p.m. After I get home, I will eat dinner
I will get home at 5.30 p.m. I will eat dinner after I get home
The taxi will arrive in less than five minutes. As soon as the taxi arrives, we will go to the airport
The taxi will arrive in less than five minutes. We will go to the airport as soon as the taxi arrives.
They will come soon. I will wait here until they come
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Simple Future Tense
Affirmative - be
She will be here tomorrow
They will be late
We shall be sleepy tomorrow

He will come next Monday
They will call a meeting soon
Negative - be
She will not be here tomorrow
They will not be late

He will not come next Monday
They will not call a meeting soon
Will she be here tomorrow?
Will they be late?

Will he come next Monday?
Will they call a meeting soon?
Won't she be here tomorrow?
Won't they be late?

Won't he come next Monday?
Won't they call a meeting soon?
Usage (used for:)

a) Actions or states that will occur at some time in the future
Surya will enter college next year
It will be cold tomorrow
b) Habitual actions in the future

He will report to the probation officer every week for the next two years
c) Intention
The phone is ringing. I will answer it (i.e. I intend to answer it)
d) Determination
I have failed so many times. This time I will succeed
e) Wllingness
Yes, I will help you
Note
a) and b) express pure futureaction, that is, only TIME is involved
c) d) and e) are coloured by the speaker's attitude:
intention
willingness
determination
Passive Voice - Affirmative

Sentences in the passive form are used:

(i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action;
or
(ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is
eg
The boy will help the old woman
The old woman will be helped by the boy

The old woman will be helped by the Welfare Department
The old woman will not be helped by the Welfare Department
Reference
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Sentences Reference
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Future Continous Tense IE-70
Affirmative IE-70
She will be leaving tomorrow IE-70
They will be graduating next month IE-70
IE-70
Negative IE-70
She will not be leaving tomorrow IE-70
They will not be graduating next month IE-70
IE-70
Interrogative - Affirmative IE-70
Will she be leaving tomorrow? IE-70
Will they be graduating next month? IE-70
IE-70
Interrogative - Negative IE-70
Won't she be leaving tomorrow? IE-70
Won't they be graduating next month? IE-70
The Future Continous Tense expresses an activity that will be in progress at a time in the
future IE-71
e.g. IE-71
We will be flying over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow IE-71
Note: IE-71
Sometimes you may see very little difference between the Simple Future Tense and the
Future Continous Tense. You can say: IE-71
They will come soon IE-71
or IE-71
They will be coming soon IE-71
Sentences Reference
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Future Perfect Tense IE-74
They will have been here for six hours by then

We will have finished the work by next week IE-74
Negative - be IE-74
They will not have been here for six hours by then IE-74

We will not have finished the work by next week IE-74


Will we have finished the work by next week IE-74


Won't we have finished the work by next week? IE-74
Usage IE-75
i) The Future Perfect Tense is used to describe an action or activity that will be 'perfect', that
is, completed before a particular time in the future IE-75
eg IE-75
Ahmad started work at the beginning of January. It is now the end of January. Every month
he intends to save $500. By December he will have saved $6000 IE-75
IE-75
'by phrase' used IE-75
by tomorrow IE-75
by next week IE-75
by the end of the year IE-75
by the year 2000 IE-75
IE-75
ii) The Future Perfect Tense is also used to describe an action that will be completed before
another activity in the future. When this happens, we use a time clause IE-75
eg IE-75
We will have travelled 200 miles when we reach Pekan IE-75
I will have left by the time she arrives IE-75
His wife will have cooked dinner before he comes home IE-75
Passive Voice - Affirmative IE-81

processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive
or using both the active and the passive IE-81
Tom will have eaten the grapes. IE-86

The grapes will have been eaten by Tom IE-86
Passive Voice - Negative IE-88

The fish will have been eaten by the cat IE-88
The fish will not have been eaten by the cat IE-88
Passive Voice - Interrogative IE-90

The plants will have been eaten by the cows IE-90
Will the plants have been eaten by the cows? IE-90
Sentences Reference
By next September, we will have been living here for five years SME-20
I'll have been reading this novel for three hours by four o'clok this afternoon SME-20
By next month, 'll have been studying for five years at university SME-20
Sentences Reference
Ways of Expressing the Past IE-24

Past Time
The ship has sunk IE-24
The guests have arrived IE-24
The ship sank last night IE-24

The ship was sinking IE-24
The ship had sunk before help came IE-24
The guests arrived at 8.00 pm IE-24

The guests were arriving IE-24
after the guests had arrived, I served dinner IE-24
Time Relationship of Past Events IE-25

At 8.30 pm I bought a ticket. After I had bought the ticket I entered the cinema hall.
The film started at 9.00 pm. From 9.00 pm. to 11.00 pm I was watching the film. As I
was watching the film, there was a power failure. The film ended at 11.00 pm and I
went home. Now it is 11.30 pm. I have already seen the film. I can remember the story
clearly. IE-25
Difference between Simple Past and Present Perfect IE-40

Encik Zain sold his car in July IE-40
Encik Zain has sold his car IE-40
The embezzler was in prison for fifteen years. (He's out now.) IE-40
The embezzler has been in prison for fifteen years. (He's still there.) IE-40
She visited her grandfather a week ago IE-40

She has visited her grandfather several times since his acccident IE-40
I worked very hard when I was young. (I'm too old to work now) IE-40
I have worked very hard all morning. (I'm tired now) IE-40
He owned the house in 1950. (He no longer owns it) IE-40

He has owned the house for ten years. (He still owns it) IE-40
Sentences Reference
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of Going To IE-61

She is going to be here tomorrow IE-61
They are going to be late IE-61
IE-61
I am going to graduate next year IE-61
He is going to to come next Monday IE-61
They are going to call a meeting soon IE-61
IE-61
Negative - be IE-61
She is not going to be here tomorrow IE-61
They are not going to be late IE-61

I am not going to graduate next year IE-61
He is not going to to come next Monday IE-61
They are not going to call a meeting until later IE-61

Is she going to be here tomorrow? IE-61
Are they going to be late? IE-61

Is he going to to come next Monday? IE-61
Are they going to call a meeting soon? IE-61

Isn't she going to be here tomorrow? IE-62

Aren't they going to call a meeting soon? IE-62
Usage: IE-62
Just lie the WILL + BASE VERB form, the BE GOING TO form is also used to express: IE-62
i) Future states and activities IE-62
Examples IE-62
They are going to be early tomorrow IE-62
It is going to rain later IE-62
ii) Intention IE-63

I am going to look for a job in June IE-62
She is going to have a cup of tea IE-62
Action is likely to happen IE-62

There is lightning and thunder. It is going to rain IE-62
Look out! The tree is going to fall on the house. IE-62
Nurul Huda is a metre ahead. She is going to win IE-62
Sometimes, only the WILL + BASE VERB form can be used. The BE GOING TO form
is not suitable. Study the folllowing examples. IE-62
IE-62
We will know our results soon - Correct IE-62
We are going to know our results soon - Not suitable IE-62
IE-62
He will understand it better later - Correct IE-62
He is going to understand it better later - not suitableN IE-62
IE-62
Note: IE-62
The verbs "know" and "understand" in the exam[ples above belong to that class of
verbs describing mental states. With this class of verb ypu use the WILL + BASE VERB
form IE-62
Passive Voice IE-81

The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing
various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in
the passive or using both the active and the passive IE-81
Sentences in the passive form are used: IE-81

(i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action; IE-81
or IE-81
(ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is IE-81
eg
Hashim is going to help me IE-83
I am going to be helped by Hashim IE-83
The girls are going to help the child IE-83

The child is going to be helped by the girls IE-83
The man is going to help the children IE-83

The children are going to be helped by the man IE-83
Passive Voice - Interrogative IE-90

I am going to be helped by daud IE-90
Am I going to be helped by Daud? IE-90
Questions
do Base Form FE1-238
does + s, es, ies FE1-238
doing + ing FE1-238
did Past FE1-238
done Past Participle FE1-238
My father doesn't like smoking cigar SME-32

I don't subscribe to this magazine anymore SME-32
They don’t study English on Sunday SME-32
SME-32
Do you still make mistakes in pronunciation? SME-32
Does her mother cook rice every morning? SME-32
Do they still live in America? SME-33
Do you come here every afternoon? SME-33

Does she live with her parents? SME-33
Who help your father in the garden? SME-34

My brother does SME-34
Do sit down SME-34

Do work a little harder SME-34
I always do my homework diligently SME-34
'do' as an Ordinary Verb

I do SP WO
I am doing PC WO
I have done PP WO
I have been doing PPC WO
I did SPa WO
I was doing PaC WO
I had done PaP WO
I had been doing PaPC WO
I will do SF WO
I will be doing FC WO
I will have done FP WO
I will have been doing FPC WO
He does SP WO
He is doing PC WO
He has done PP WO
He have been doing PPC WO
He did SPa WO
He was doing PaC WO
He had done PaP WO
He had been doing PaPC WO
He will do SF WO
He will be doing FC WO
He will have done FP WO
He will have been doing FPC WO
Present Perfect
Ali has done the job IE-35

Ali has not done the job IE-35

Hasn't Ali done the job? IE-35
PaC
What were you doing last night? GME-48
What was your father doing yesterday? GME-48
What were the girls doing in the market? GME-48
What were they doing in the restaurant? GME-48
SP
Where does the old man live? GME-35
be Base Form FE1-235
is (am, are) + s, es, ies FE1-235
being + ing FE1-235
was/were Past FE1-235
been Past Participle FE1-235
'be' as an Orninary Verb

I am wrong IE-6
I am not wrong IE-6

I am here SP WO
I was here SPa WO
I have been here PPC WO
I had been here PaP WO
I will be here SF WO
I will have been here FC WO
FP WO
We are to face our future SME-24

We are to leave this place as soon as possible SME-24
Please don’t disturb me! I am about to do my homework SME-24
Nancy is about to visit her uncle at the hospital SME-24
Ahmad is about to leave for his office SME-24
be' as an Auxiliary Verb

She is travelling in Malysia, isn't she?
Simple Present Tense

I am wrong IE-6
Negative - be IE-6
I am not wrong IE-6

Am I wrong? IE-6

Present Perfect
They have been to Japan recently IE-35
Negative - be IE-35
They have not been to Japan recently IE-35

Haven't they been to Japan recently? IE-35
Simple Past
I was in the team IE-26
They were busy yesterday IE-26
Negative - be IE-26
I was not in the team IE-26
They were not busy yesterday IE-26

Was I in the team? IE-27
Were they busy yesterday? IE-27
Wasn't I in the team? IE-27

Weren't they busy yesterday? IE-27
Simple Future
Affirmative - be
She will be here tomorrow IE-57
They will be late IE-57
We shall be sleepy tomorrow IE-57
Negative - be IE-57
She will not be here tomorrow IE-57
They will not be late IE-57

Will she be here tomorrow? IE-57
Will they be late? IE-57

Won't she be here tomorrow? IE-57
Won't they be late? IE-57
Future Perfect
They will have been here for six hours by then
Negative - be IE-74
They will not have been here for six hours by then IE-74


Sentences Note
have Base Form
has + s, es, ies
having + ing
had Past
had Past Participle
'have'as an Ordinary Verb (not as an Auxiliary Verb)

I have breakfast SP
I am having breakfast PC
I have had breakfast PP
I have been having breakfast PPC
I had breakfast SPa
I was having breakfast PaC
I had had breakfast PaP
I had been having breakfast PaPC
I will have breakfast SF
I will be having breakfast FC
I will have had breakfast FP
I will have been having breakfast FPC
He has breakfast SP
He is having breakfast PC
He has had breakfast PP
He has been having breakfast PPC
He had breakfast SPa
He was having breakfast PaC
He had had breakfast PaP
He had been having breakfast PaPC
He will have breakfast SF
He will be having breakfast FC
He will have had breakfast FP
He will have been having breakfast FPC
I have an inteview tomorrow morning. I have to get up early

Susan hasn't any money. She has to go to the bank
Tim's library book is a week overdue. He has to pay a fine
They have to get their visas before they can go to Singapore
Mary has a car
Does Dick have to leave by 5 o,clock?

Dick has to leave by 5 o'clock
Do the children have to be home for dinner?

The children have to be home for dinner
Reference
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Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
Aux Verb Base Verb/ Aux Verb Past Participle
Present Participle/
Past Participle
SP do/does
PC am/is/are doing
PP have/has done
PPC have/has been
SPa did
PaC was/were doing
PaP had done
PaPC
SF will do
FC will be doing
FP will have done
FPC
going to going to do
"do" as Ordinary Verb

What does she do?
What is Mary doing?
What will Dick do?
What has Tim done?
Where does he work?

When does he rest?
What does he do?
"do" as Auxiliary Verb

What does she teach?
What subjects does she teach?
What does she give
What subjects do you teach?
What does she do?
What does he do
Why does he wear
Does she work
Do you like cooking? EF2-41

base form +s,es,ies Present Participle
Past Form Past Participle
do does doing did done
I do it What do I do?
I am doing it
I have done it
I have been doing it
I did it
I was doing it
I had done it
I had been doing it
I will do it
I will be doing it
I will have donr it
I am going to do it
FE2-167
FE2-167
FE2-167
FE2-167
EF2-4 He works…
EF2-7
EF2-6
EF2-4 She teaches..

EF2-3
her students? EF2-4 She gives…
EF2-3
in his job? EF2-4 He goes.. He looks after..
a helmet? EF2-4
in the morning or afternoon? EF2-4

Past Participle
base form
Tense Active Voice Passive Voice be
Present Participle/
Past Participle
SP am/is/are
PC
PP have/has been
PPC
SPa was/were
PaC
PaP had been TS-StarMag 3 28/3/2003
PaPC
SF will be
FC
FP will have been
FPC
going to going to be
I have I've EF2-17

He has He's EF2-17
She has She's EF2-17
It has It's EF2-17
We have We've EF2-17
You have You've EF2-17
They have They've EF2-17
I am I'm EF2-5
He is He's EF2-5
She is She's EF2-5
It is It's EF2-5
We are We're EF2-5
You are You're EF2-5
They are They're EF2-5
+s,es,ies Present Participle Past Form Past Participle
am/is/are being was/were been
base form +s,es,ies
Tense Active Voice Passive Voice have has
Present Participle/
Past Participle
SP have/has
PC am/is/are having
PP have/has had
PPC
SPa had
PaC was/were having
PaP had had
PaPC
SF will have
FC
FP will have had
FPC
going to going to have
I have I've EF2-17

He has He's EF2-17
She has She's EF2-17
It has It's EF2-17
We have We've EF2-17
You have You've EF2-17
They have They've EF2-17
I am I'm EF2-5
He is He's EF2-5
She is She's EF2-5
It is It's EF2-5
We are We're EF2-5
You are You're EF2-5
They are They're EF2-5
Who is taller, Ali or Yap? Yap is taller than Ali Ef2-17

Who is the tallest boxer? Yip is
Who has the longest legs? Yip has
Present Participle Past Form Past Participle
having had had
I have an inteview tomorrow morning. I must get up early FE2-136

Susan hasn't any money. She must go to the bank FE2-136
Tim's library book is a week overdue. He must pay a fine FE2-136
They must get their visas before they can go to Singapore FE2-136
You don’t look well. You ought to see a doctor FE2-136
The test is next week. We ought to start revising now FE2-136
It is very cloudy. Zarina ought to take an umbrella FE2-136
Minah ought to write home more often FE2-136
Chin Peng ought to be courageous enough to admit his mistakes TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
ag 28/9/03 3
Sentences Reference
I would like a bowl of soup FE2-145

I would prefer the blue scarf FE2-145
I would suggest you leave early FE2-145
I would br happr/glad/pleased to help you FE2-145
Would you please open the window? FE2-144
Note: Would is not the past form of can when used in polite questions
..he would not have been murdered TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
I would like to congratulate StarMag for doing such a wonderful job.
How would you feel if someone did this to your daughter? TS-17/6/2004-World-42
You don’t look well. You should see a doctor FE2-136
The test is next week. We should start revising now FE2-136
It is very cloudy. Zarina should take an umbrella FE2-136
Minah should write home more often FE2-142
You should take the driving test FE2-142
He should be allowed TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
we,should be magnanimous… TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
I should be without the country… TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
Should he be allowed in, there might well be a cry loud and clear .. TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
I should have done my work instead of going out ME-92

I shall go to a movie tonight FE2-134
We shall prepare some sandwiches for tea FE2-134
Azhar will return on Sunday FE2-134
The girls will clean the room after class FE2-134
I will go to a movie tonight FE2-134
We will prepare some sandwiches for tea FE2-134
I might go to themuseum on Sunday FE2-134
Joan might visit her grandmother tomorrow FE2-134
Mr Shane might buy a new car FE2-134
The boys might be late for class FE2-134
I may go to themuseum on Sunday FE2-134
Joan may visit her grandmother tomorrow FE2-134
Mr Shane may buy a new car FE2-134
The boys may be late for class FE2-134
Sentences Reference
I could drive a car when I was 15 years old FE2-133
We could watch TV after the set had been repaired FE2-133
Dan could use his brother's bicycle at weekends FE2-133
Tom could run a mile last year FE2-142
Could I please borrow your pen? FE2-144
Could you please open the window? FE2-144
Note: Could is not the past form of can when used in polite questions FE2-144
How on earth could anyone in his right mind.. TS-StarMag

28/9/03 3
I could not walk yesterday ME-151

Today I can walk a little ME-151
Tomorrow I shall be able to walk properly ME-151
And a young sex worker could "easily" have slept with a few hundred men by the TS-17/6/2004-
time she's 15, making her no safer than the others, said Saleemah. World-42
UEFA have warned the English FA that the national team could be banned from TS-17/6/2004-
the tournament if fans cause trouble in Portugal Sport-46
No. Extracts
The Bush administration has insisted that Haiti's exiled president was not kidnapped or
1 strong-armed into fleeing, despite Jean-Bertrand Aristide's claims that the US military
forced him to leave
The Pentagon said on Monday that as many as 2,000 US troops could go to Haiti to help
2
to curb the violence that culminated on Sunday after Aristide's departure.
"They were telling me that if I don't leave they would start shooting, and be killing in a
matter of time," Aristide said.
Newspaper
TS World 42 3/3/2004
Auxiliary Verb Negative Shortened Form
will will not be… won't be… IE-94
can cannot be… can't be… IE-94
could could not be… couldn't be IE-94
should should not be… shouldn't be… IE-94
ought to ought not to be… oughtn't be… IE-94
may may not be… - IE-94
might might not be… - IE-94
must must not be… mustn,t be… IE-94
need not be… needn't be… IE-94
has to does not have to be doesn't have to be… IE-94
need not have to be… needn't have to be… IE-94
had to did not have to be… didn't have to be… IE-94
Mary can speak English FE2-133
The rain has stopped.The boys can play football
You can use my pen
It cannot be divorced from.. TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
Can you include the programme TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
Can I borrow your eraser?

Of course
May I have an orange, please?

Sure
Please pass me the sugar

Here you are
Would you please post this letter?

No problem
Could you please pass the plate?

My pleasure
Would you mind helping me, please?

Yes
Excuse me, may I use the telephone?

Here you are
Conjunctions words used to join other words, phrases or sentences
Note:
To join two or more ideas Lestari 47
- And
- Not only…but
- As well as
Examples
My mother went shopping. My sister went shopping
- My mother and my sister went shopping
- Not only my mother but my sister went shopping
- My mother as well as my sister went shopping
To show two ideas which are contrasting Lestari 47

- Although
- Yet
- But
Examples
Jenny was sick. She went to school
- Although Jenny was sick, she went to school
- Jenny was sick yet she went to school
Encik Ali is rich. He is stingy

- Encik Ali is rich but he is stingy
To show reason Lestari 47

- Because
- Since
- As
- For
Examples
Rashid failed the exam. He did not study
- Rashid failed the exam because he did not study
- Since Rashid did not study, he failed the exam
- As Rashid did not study, he failed the exam
The policeman arrested Boon Wah. He was driving recklessly

- The policeman arrested Boon Wah for driving recklessly
To show two or more actions happening at the same time Lestari 47

- While
- When
Examples
I was reading a book. The telephone rang
While I was reading a book. The telephone rang
When the telephone rang, I was reading a book
To show condition Lestari 47

If
Unless
Examples
I will come to your party. You must invite me.
- I will come to your party if you invite me.
Sarah won't talk to you. You must change your ways

- Sarah won't talk to you unless you change your ways
To show purpose Lestari 47

- So that
- In order that
Examples
I study hard. I want to make my parents proud of me
- I study hard so that my parents will be proud of me
- I study hard in order that my parents will be proud of me
To show results Lestari 47

- So that
- So
Example
Mother place a bowl of milk on the floor. The cat could drink it
- Mother place a bowl of milk on the floor so that the cat could drink it
I didn't like the movie. I left the cinema

- I didn't like the movie so I left the cinema
To show choice/alternatives Lestari 47

- Either…or
- Neither…nor
Examples
You can have the pen. You can have the pencil
- You can have either the pen or the pencil
- You can have the pen or the pencil
You cannot have the erase. You cannot have the ruler
- You can't have neither the eraser nor the ruler
Rahim was a good student who passed all his exams FE1-43
Rahim who was a good student passed all his exams FE1-43
Rahim, who passed all his exams, was a good student FE1-43
The clock was an antique which/that belonged to my grandfather FE1-43

The clock which/that was an antique belonged to my grandfather FE1-43
The clock, which/that belonged to my grandfather, was an antique FE1-43
The man, who is my uncle, took me home FE1-44

The boy who saved the girl was brave FE1-44
The manager, who was old, retired last week FE1-44
FE1-44
The man scolded the boy who broke the window FE1-44
I saw the man who had a wooden leg FE1-44
FE1-44
The book which/that I read was good FE1-44
The concert which was put up was interesting FE1-44
She enjoyed the concert which/that she attended FE1-44

I celebrated the birthday which/that was on 1st may FE1-44
Ref FE1-249
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
abruptness abrupt abruptly
ref: FE1-235 FE1-249
Base Form + s,es,ies + ing Past Form Past Participle Noun
accept accepts accepting accepted accepted
accompany
act
ache
add
adjust
admire
admit
agree
amuse
analyze
announce
answer
appear
apply
appreciate
approach
approve
arise arose arisen
arrange
arrest
arrive
ask
attack
attend attention
bake
balance
bandage
bang
bark
be is (am,are) being was/were been
bear bore borne/born
beat
become became become
beg
begin began begun
behave
believe
belong
bend
bet
bite bit bitten
bleed
bloom
blow blew blown
boil
borrow
bounce
brake
break
brief
bring
broadcast
brush
build
burn
burst
bury
buy
buzz
call
cancel
capsize
carry
cast cast cast
catalogue
catch
cause
celebrate
change
chase
check
cheer
choose
chop
claim
clap
clean cleanliness
clear clearness
climb
close closeness
clutch
collect
comb
come came come
complain
complete completion
compose
condense
confront
congratulate
connect
consist
construct
consult
contact
contain
continue
convict
cook
cooperate
correct
cost
cough
count
cover
crash
creep
cross
crow
cry
cure
cut cut cut
cycle
dance
deal
decide
declare
decorate
deliver
demand
demonstrate
describe
design
despatch
destroy
die
dig dug dug
discover
discuss
dislike
distil
disturb
do does doing did done
donate
draw drew drawn
dream
dress
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
drizzle
drop
dry
eat ate eaten
embroider
emerge
encourage
end
enjoy enjoyment
enter
envy
erect
erase
escape
examine
exchange
expect
explain
explode
export
express
fail
fall fell fallen
fast
feed
feel felt felt
fetch
fight
fill
find
finish
fire
fish
fix
flee
flicker
fly flew flown
forget
forgive
form
freeze
frighten
frown
fry
further
gather
get got got
give gave given
go
guard
graduate
grind
grow grew grown
guide
hack
hang
happen
harvest
hate
haunt
have has having had had
head
hear
help
hide
hijack
hit hit hit
hold
hop
hope
hug
hunt
hurry
hurt hurt hurt
identify
imagine
include
inform
inject
injure
install
instruct
intend
interest
interview
introduce
invite
iron
jingle
join
joke
jump
keep
kidnap
kick
kill
kneel
knit
knock
know
land
last
laugh
lay
lead
learn
leave
lecture
lend
let let let
lick
lie
lift
light
like
line
listen
live
locate
lock
look
lose
love
mail
major
make made made
manage
manoeuvre
march
marry
mean
meet
melt
mend
mislay
miss
mistake
mix
move
need
nod
occur
offer
order
organise
open
overcome
own
paint
park
participate
pass
pat
pay
peel
perform
permit
phone
photograph
pick
place
plan
plant
plaster
play
point
polish
possess
pour
practise
praise
pray
prefer
prepare
present
press
produce
promise
promote
prosper
protect
provide
pull
punch
puncture
push
put
quack
quarrel
question
quit
rain
raise
reach
read
realise
receive
recite
recognise
recover
reduce
refer
rehearse
release
remain
remind
remember
remove
rent
rest
repaint
repair
report
represent
request
rescue
resemble
resurface
retire
return
ride
ring
rise
rock
roll
rot
rotate
rub
run
rush
sail
satisfy
save
saw
say
scare
scold
score
scratch
scream
scrub
search
see
seek
seem
select
sell
send
serve
service
set
sew
shake
share
sharpen
shave
shine
shock
shoot
shout
show
shower
shut
sign
sing
sink
sit
sketch
slap
sleep
slide
smell
smile
smoke
sneeze
snow
solve
sound
speak
speed
spell
spend
spill
split
spread
spring
spy
stand
stare
start
stay
steal
step
stick
sting
stink
stop
strain
strike
string
stroll
study
submit
succeed
sue
sunbathe
supervise
supplement
supply
surf
surround
swear
sweat
sweep
swell
swim
swing
switch
take
talk
tap
taste
teach
tear
telephone
tell
thank
think
thrill
throw
thrust
tick
tidy
tint
tip-toe
train
transfer
transport
travel
treat
tremble
try
tune
turn
tutor
twinkle
type
type
undergo
understand
upset
use
vacuum
visit
wait
wake
walk
wander
want
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
wear
weave
weep
welcome
wheel
whistle
win
wind
withdraw
withhold
wonder
work
wring
write
Adjective Adverb
attentive attentively
clean cleanly
clear clearly
close closely
complete completely
enjoyable enjoyable
If Amin bought a kettle and a frying pan and got a 50% discount, how much would he have to pay?
Sentences
The team practises football every evening

The team are receiving their individual medals from the king
..she was told she'd have to wait hours for a CT scan
The hospital said it could not discuss individual patients' cases without their consent
…it said no patient would be prioritised to the clinical detriment of other patients
Beijing has long been secretive..
…after being detained by…
We were subject to torture
She has seen thousands of…
I
I have a pencil
I don't have a pencil
We have a pencil
We don't have a pencil
I had a pencil
He has a pencil
He does not have a pencil
Do you have a pencil?
Does he have a pencil
What is this?
It is an ice cream
Does it have a cone shape
Yes, it does
What is that?
It is a shoe box.
Is it rectangular in shape?
Yes, it is
What are these?

These are ice cubes.
Do they have an oval shape?
What is this?
It is a musical instrument called a triangle.
Does it have a pyramid shape?
Reference
IE-17
TS-Asia 37
TS-Asia 37
TS-Asia 37
TS-Asia 38
TS-World 41
TS-World 41
TS-Lifestyle 3
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
wo
Bistari Bahasa Inggeris 4-43

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Tenses

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Tense Active Voice Passive Voice

SP I teach English English is taught by me

SPa I taught English English was taught by me

SF I will teach English English will be taught English by me

going to am/is/are going to help

was/were going to help

Ref: English Form 2 : Fajar Bakti Pg 17

I taught English English was taught by me ME-147

I will teach English English will be taught English by me ME-148

NHSEG-71 FE1-87 FE2-17,25 IE-24,25,32,40,45,82,87,90

NHSEG-72 FE1-206 FE2-17 IE-55,56,87,88,90

A Guide To English Language For

8 EF2 English Form 2 Noor Azlina Yunus

ME Mastering English-The Easy Way Milon Nandy

ISBN 983- Siti Haslina,

Crescent News(KL) Sdn. Bhd Percetakan Putrajaya Sdn Bhd 2003

Nan Yang Publishers, 28, Yau

Biroteks, Institut Teknologi

Biroteks, Institut Teknologi

Biroteks, Institut Teknologi

Chee Leong Press Sdn Bhd,

Kumpulan Rusa (M) Sdn.Bhd Laser Press sdn Bhd, PJ

Info-Didik Sdn. Bhd

It cannot be divorced from.. TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3

Can you include the programme TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3

Can I borrow your eraser?

May I have an orange, please?

Please pass me the sugar

Would you please post this letter?

Could you please pass the plate?

Would you mind helping me, please?

Excuse me, may I use the telephone?

Singular Nouns Singular Pronouns

Plural Nouns Plural Nouns

PRONOUNS THAT SHOW POSSESSION FE1-27

The dog scratched itself with its claw FE1-40

The door was open. He closed it FE1-33

The dog wagged its tail FE1-28

The tree lost its leaves FE1-28

Kinds of Pronouns ME-41

The dog wagged its tail

the table's leg wrong ME-49

yourself (singular) EF2-206

Mokhtar kicks the ball. It's a goal EF2-207

it's raining Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-108

SP He said, "I'm sorry."

SP Mary said, " I am hungry."

PC Ali said, "I am doing my homework."

SPa He said, " I met them yesterday."

SPa They said, "We buried him in the night."

He said, "I feel fine."

Leela said, "I am tired."

"I will call you," said Ida.

PC The policeman asked Ramasay, "What are you doing?"

Commands and Request

The general shouted to the soldiers: "Halt!"

She said to him, "Please leave me alone."

Exclamations and Wishes

She said, "I wish my brother will reach here punctually."

Each applicant is here for the interview FE1-134

Each of the oranges is bad IE-16

Either the teacher or the students are in the classroom IE-16

Either of the girls sweeps the floor IE-16

Either the boy or the girls are intelligent IE-17