BO GIAO DUC VA BAO TAO HUONG DAN THUC HIEN CHUAN KIEN THUC, KI NANG “ON TOAN a4BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO NGUYEN THE THACH (CHU BIE! NGUYEN HAI CHAU - QUACH TU CHUONG - NGUYEN TRUNG HIEU DOAN THE PHIET ~ PHAM DUC QUANG ~ NGUYEN THI QUY SUU HUONG DAN THUC HIEN CHUAN KIEN THUC, KiNANG MON TOAN LOP 11 NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAMLOI GIOI THIEU gay 5 thing 5 nam 2008, 89 tating BO Gio oye v8 Bae tao A ki ‘Quy6t cnn $6 182008100-8GDT vé vigc ban anh Cheng nh Gido ove pd beng, (Chung tr Gis dc pas tng 8K qu a su du chin, hon hig, 16 endo edc chang th 8 dupe ban Nh, fan Gane eo WE Gu ‘8 dao, che day hoe va Klima, dh 9 8 8 cc cB hoo, ong he tn phar ved ne ‘Chuong rsh Gio duc phé trong la mt KE hoaeh su pham gém = Myc tu ido ve Pham viva eu trie no dung ido duc ~ Chun hn th, Kinng va yu cu v6 th db ca tng mon ne, ep hee ~ Phuong php v hinh the 16 eh ito due Banh gf Kt qua eo dye ting mon hoe 3 mBI 6p 9 hoe rong Cuong tinh Gido duc phé thing, Chugh tic, Ki nang dupe tnd hig, cu thd ea 6 cdc chi 6 a chuong tinh mba hee theo ing op Mae: ‘ng tb cng due thé hibn 3 phn cus ca Chuang teh mi cp oe ‘C6 tn nb Bim m6 eda Chuang tinh Gio dye ph thing Sn nay La (4a Chui én te, Knog vo than phn eda Chung tinh Gib doc ps thang, dim bio wee eX dao day hee, kém tra, danh gi thea Chun kin thie, Kg, to nén sy thing nt tong nue gp pd Ke pe tinh trang qua tl rong ong day, ho pdm ti day tNém, We [Nin chung. & céc tung ph thong hen nay. bute ds da van due ‘duoc Chugn kien thie, Ki nang tong ging day, noe 8p, Kém tra, nh git ‘ong WS ting thé, vn chua dp ing dune you cu ca di mol gibo de ph tng; edn ph ase tip tye quan tm, chi tong han na INhim 6p pda Rake phe han chi nay, B6 Gio de va Da tao 5 hie ben soan, ust nb teu Hung ci thu hign Chun kin thu, nang cho cic men he, lp hoc ela cae ep Tiéu hoe, Trung hoc co 8 va Trung hoe phé thong. 6 ta eu nay doe ign soan thea hung citing minh cde yeu cfu eo bin, 161 thidu vé fn thie, Kinng cla Chuén kién thie, Kinng bog cae nl dy ch is wong sete isu Mh, tu dé ie ne ec a cho giao ven va nec sr trong qua tinh ging day, hoc tap va kim ta ann gi ‘Cis tric chung cia b@ ti igu gm hal phén chin ‘Phan tha nhat Gi twibu chung vé Chudn kin thie, KT nang ca {chung rah Gio due ph thong ‘Pn tha ha: Hung in Ue Hi Chun ‘mon he wong Chang nn Gio dc as ng ‘8 aleu Muth adn the ign Chudin kg hue, KF nang ci he 2 Trung hoc c2 8 va Trung hoe ph thing ob sy ham gi én soon idm nn, ‘9p cla nhiéu nha koa he, nha su pham, cdc cn Bin i vc dao chuyén mén, cic gio vn day 6 dla prusng i vong ring, Hung adn thy higm Chun Ki thu, KI nang 2 18 Bg Na eh 6 we cn 9 qu I ido te, gi vgn va hoc sin trong ch nue. Ce $8 Gito dye vB’ tao ch dao tid Khai sr dung B6 ta eu 8 tao du hign 68 cdc 09 58 gio dye, de pido vin va hoc sin te hign 16k yu cfu 45: m6t phuang hp day hoc, d8i mat Kim ra, dénh Qi, GO ‘hn tic eu, quan tong vo ie ning cao cha ong gid dc tung hoe Ln iu ton dupe xt i, a ny kN tn KS ning thi 1284, han ché. 86 Cio dye v0 Bde tao rit mong Agr due ahOng ¥ hia nxt, dong gép ca cae ty 69 oid0 vi ban doc gn xa 8 8 Hu dsc tip tc bd sung, hn tn han cho la wut bn sau the, Ki nang ela ing BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAOPHAN THU NHAT GIOI THIEU CHUNG VE CHUAN KIEN THUC, Ki NANG CUA CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG GIO1 THIEU CHUNG VE CHUAN 1, Chudn la nhing yéu edu, tiéu chi (goi chung fa yeu cfu) wan this nhimg nguyen tic aha dinb, dye dng d Tam thuse do dink gis hhogt dong, cong vige, sin phém cs ah we nio 46, Dat duoc nh seu cfu cla chuéin dat dave myc tiéu mong muda eta chi thé quin Ihoat dong, cong vee, sin phim d. ‘Yeu ef a seu thé hos, hi se, twing minh Chun, chi ra nhimg can etd dn gid cht lug. Yeu cfu c6 hE duge do thong, qua chi 6 thut hign. Yeu edu dye xem nha nn “ehot kigm sos A din chat lug du vio, dura eting bu qu tinh thye ign 2, Nhimng yeu cdu coban eva chudn 2.1, Chun phii 66 sinh Khéch quan, nkin chung khong 1¢ huge ‘io quan dig hay th d6 chit quan cia ngui sdyng Chun 22. Chin pi 6 hig ue Gin nev ph vi in dt gan dp dng 2.3. Bim bio tinh kh thi, c6 nga fa Chun 6 6 thé dat dase (Qatinh do hay me do dung hoa hp I gita yeu e6u pt ign & me «ao hom ving th tién dang din ra), 24. Bim bio 2.5. Dim bio khong'mau thulin véi ede chuin khée tong cing Tinh ve hoae ning finh wee e6 ign quan, inh cy thé, tuimg minh v8.6 chic nang dinh lwong. IL CHUAN KIEN THUG, KINANG CUA CHUONG TRIN GIAO DUC PHO THONG ‘Chin kg hic, ki mang va yeu cfu vé ti cis Choong. inh Gio duc ph thong (CTGDPT duge thé hi cu thé rong ee chong tinh mon fx, host dong. fo doe (goi chung Ta mon hoc) va ede tang rin cp be Gi vGi mdi mon he, mBi ep hoe, mue teu cia mon he, ef Jngeduye ey thé hog thin chun kg thie, ki ming ci chuong vi smdn hoc chuong tinh fee. 1. Chuén kién thie, Ki nang eda Chuong trinh mon hoe ti cic yeu cfu co bin, 16 thigu vé kin thie, Kinng ea men hoe ma hoe sink edn phi vi 6 thé dat duge sau mi don v i hic (mi ‘i, chi chi die, mo dun). CChucin kin thie, KE nang cia mot dom vi kign te 1a cic yeu co bin, 1 hi vé Kt thie, Kinng cia don i kg thie ma hoe sinh fin ph vic thé dat ge. Yeu edu vékignthic, Ki nang thé hign mie dp co dt v6 id ha, A Mai yéu du vé ign thie, KI nang 6 thé duge ci thom bing sing yéu edn v6 kn tie, KI nang ou thé, eving ei on: minh chung bing nhing vf dr thé bign dupe cd noi dung ks te, ‘mie dp cn dat vin the, KF nang,2. Chudn kién thie, kinang eta Chuong trinh cap hoe lc ‘you eu ca bin, 16 thigu VE high thie, ki nang cia ee mon hoc ma he sinh en phi vi e6 thé dat duce sau time giai dogn hoc tap trong. clip hee. 2.1. Chudin kigh thc, Ki nang 6 chuomg tinh ede edp hee dé cap 1 hing yee 15 thi v8 ki the, KT mang mA ge inh (HS) edn i e6 thé dat duge sau Khi hodn thinh chung tinh gio duc cia timg, lap hoe vi ep hoe. Cée chusin nly cho ty § nghia quan trong cia ‘in ket, phi hyp git ede mon hoe nhim dat duge myc tieu giéo duc ca ep. 2.2. Vige thé hign Chusin kin thie, ki nang 6 cu6i chuomg tinh ‘cp hoc thé hign hinh miu mong dgi vé neue hoe sau mdi cap hoe ‘va edn thigt cho cong tie quai If, chi da0, dio 120, boi dudng giéo vien (GV), 23. Chung tink edp hoc di thé hign chutin kign thie, KT nang khong phi doi v6i img mon hoe ma d6i vi ting Tinh v4e hoe tp. “Trong van bin vé chung tinh cia eée eap hoc, ede chusin kin thie, wz duoe bien Soan theo tinh thén 4) Ce chudin kin thie, KF nang khong dye dua vao cho ting mon he rigng bigt ma cho time finh vue hoe tap aham thé hign su gin ket ita ede mon hoe va hoat dong gido due trong ahigm wy thu hign me tiew cia efp ee. 1) Chain kign thie, KT nang vA yen edn vE thi de duce thé hign teong chum trinh ep hoc Bi céc chun eta ctip he, ste 1 ning yeu cfu cy thé ma HS efi dat duoc & cu6i ep hoe, Ci thé hign nay 130 mot tm nin vé su phat trign cia ngudi hoe sau méi ep hoc, Ai chigu wi him gi ma mye tieu ea esp hoe 68 dé ra 3, Nhting dac diém ciia Chudn kién thee, ki nang, 4.1. Chuan kigh thie, Ki mang duge ehi tit, ting minh bing e&e yeu cfu cu th, 1 ng vé ki thie, KT nang. 3.2. Chuin kin thie, Ki nang e6 tinh (61 thigu, nim dim bio moi HS cin phi va 6 thé dat duge ning yeu eu eu thé nay 43.3, Chusin kién thd, KT nang la thanh phan cla CTGDPT. ‘Trong CTGDPT, Chun kign théc, Ki mang va yeu cfu vé tha do 6 vd ng hoe dae thé hign, cu thé hos 6 ee chi AB cia chuomg, tink mon hoe theo timg lop va & ce Tinh vue hoe t8p + dng ths, (Chusin kien thc, ki nang va yéu eu vé thai d6 cing due the hien & phn cud cia chuemg trinh mdi cp ho. ‘Chusin ks thc, Ki nang 1th phén cia CTGDPT. Vige chi dao day hoc, kism tra, nh gi theo Chui kin thie, Kiming s8 wo nen si thong nih; Fam han che tinh trang day ge qu ai, dua them niu noi dung nang né, qui cao so vi chuiin ken thie, ki ning vio day hoe. idm tra, dh gi; g6p phi Lam wim Gu cue ca day them, hoe them : ‘to digu kien eo bain, quan trong dé 06 thé 16 chi ging day, hoc ta idm tra, dinh gi va thi theo Chusin kia thc, Ki nang I -CAC MUC BO VE KIEN THUG, KI NANG Cie mite d9 vé kign thie, Ki ning duge thé hign ew thé trong ‘Chun kign thie, KT nang eda CTODPT. Vé hign thie: Yeu edu HS phi ahd, nr vong, hiéu 1 ede kin thie eo bin tong chuong tinh, sich gido khoa, 46 1a néa ting ving ‘ang 46 c6 thé pst tridn nang Iue nhan thc cap cao hom ‘VE KT nang : Biet vin dung ee kign die 48 hoe 4 ti eau Hoi, sii bai tap, fim thy hin; e6 Ki nang tinh tod, ve hinh, dung biguKien thie, ki nang phi da én eo 9 phat ign mang Iw, tr we HS & ee mic dd, tir don gidn dén phic tap; noi dung bao him ede se do Khe hau cia nha thie. Mie d@ cin dat doe ¥é kn thte dye xic dinh theo 6 mite do ‘han bist, thong hiéu, van dung, phn tich, nh gid va sing to (€6 ‘thé tham Kho them phan loai Nikko gém 4 mie do : nan bet, thong higu, vin dung dime tp, van dung & mic cao), 1. Nhdn biét : La sy nbd lai cde da Tigu, thong tin da e6 trade day : nghia 1 c6 thé nan bgt thong tn, ghi nhd, ti gn thong tin, nha I ‘mot logt dig, ir ec sy kign dom gin dén cc If thuyet phe tap. ay 1 mic do, yeu e&u thip nbat cia tinh do nhan ede, thé hign & ‘chd HS 6 thé va chi efn nh hoge nhan ra khi duge dua a hoae da ‘wen nig thong tin e6 tinh dac thi cia mot kh nem, mot su vat, mot hign Wom HS phat big ding mot dink ng sii thich va van dung duge ching. (Cé thé cu thé hs me do nha bist bing ede yeu cfu = Nha ea, nhé lai ee kh mig, din Ii, nt ut, tinh chat. — Nhn dang due (khong eén gai thich) ce Kh nim, bin thé, vt tug doi gia ede 461 twgmg trong ede tink busing dom gt. inh I, dinh twat nung chu ~ Liet ke, se din de vif twomg 46%, ce moi quan be 4a bet sida cde yeu 16, ce bien twong, 2. Thong higu : La kh’ nang nim duge, hisu duge ¥ nga cia ede sé sou, svat en ta» idk cl, chime minh duge ¥ nghia cia ee Kh nigm, si vt, hign tuome : A mic do cao hom nan biet ‘nung 18 me do thip nhat cha vige thay hiéw su vat, hign omg, lim quan dn ¥ nghia cia cde moi quan be gita cic Khai nem, thong tin ‘mii HS 8 hoe hoae di bist, Digu dé e6 thé duce thé hien bing vie ‘chuydn thong tn tr dang may sang dang khée, bing ech git dhien ‘hong tin (gid thich hose t6m tt) vi bing eéeh ude luung xu hung twong li (dbo cdc he qui hode dn hung. (C6 thé cu thé hos mie 40 thong hi bing ede yeu cfu = Dién ta bing ngon ngit ef nhan cde Khai nigm, dinh 1, inh 1g, ti chat, chuyén d6i duge tr hinh Unde ngon ngd my sang hinh thie ngon ng Khe (vf dy : tir Toi sang cong thie, ki higu, sO lieu va gue lai), ~ Bigu thi, minh hoa, gi thich duge ¥ nga cia ede ki nem, bien twomg, dinh nga, dinh If nh lat = Lia chon, bd sung, sip x6p lai nhimg thong tin en tiet dé git quyét mot vin dé no d6, ‘Sip xép lai ede § tr Iai cv Ndi hode 1 ii bai tosin theo cu tn logic, 3. Van dung : La khi ning sr dung efe kign thie 43 hoe vio mot hodn cnh cu thé méi: van dung nhan Diet, hiéu bigt thong tn dé gi ‘quyét vin dat ra; la kh ning di hi HS phi biet van dung kien thc, biet si dung phuong phip, nguyen It hay ¥ tung d gia quyét max vin d8 no do. Yeu cfu ép dung duge ce quy tie, phuomg php, Khéi niem, ‘nguyen I, din If, dinhTuat, cong thie d& git quyet mor vin dé trong hoe tap hode eta thue tién, Day Ta mac do thong higu eae hon mie dO hong higu ten (Césthé ou thé hos med vin dung hing ee yan ie sinh cde phuomg én gidi quyet vn ~ Phat hig 1 gi c6 mau thud, sai Iém va chink sia due. i quyet duve ning tinh husing mdi bing eéch van dung ce ‘ki nigm, din din ua, tin chat bit.~ Khéi quit hos, tri twomg hod tr tinh hung dom gin, don Ie thude sang nh hudg méi, phe tap hon. or 4. Phan tich : La kh ning pln chia mot thong tn ra thiah ede pn thong in nh Sao cho 6 th hu duve cfu tc, 16 che cin 96 ‘a hig 4p m6 Tien he ph thude Hin nha gia ching Yeu fu chi ra dave bo pt ei thn, xe dah dope 6h quan he gida fe bo phn, ahin bet va hidu dage nguyen I eu tie ela cc bo pin ets thn. ay 1a mac cao on van dung vi né di i sy thi ida ed noi dung Mn hin hi ei ric eda thong i, su a hign tan C6 thé cu thé hod mite do phan ic hing ede yeu ef Phan tch ee sy ign, ign tht, tig hose di A pili guys due vn ~ Xée dint de m6i quan he gita cic bo ph trong ton thé ~ Cu thé ho ge hing vn 8 tris tug. ~ Nhu bit va hu duge ea te ee bo pn ei than 5. anh gid: La khi ning xée dinh gi tr cia thong tn :binh xét, han dink, xe dinh duge gi tr cia mot te tute, mo noi dung kin thie, mot phueng php. Day 1 mot bude moi trong vie Tinh hoi kin thc dye dje trmg bai vige di sau vao bn chat cia 46% wagng, vat, hign tuong. Viec din gid dya ten cic ti ch nt din ; 46 c6 the 1k ce teu chi ben rong (céch 16 che) hode ede tieu ehf ben ngodi (phi hop vi mue dich), ‘Yeu cfu xée dinh duge ede ew ch dénh gi (npubi din git wr xée dink hoae duge ung cap ce tie chi) va van dung duge a8 dn gi, Co thé cu thé hod mite do dn gis bing ede yeu céu ~ Xa dinh dupe ci teu chi dénh gid va vin dung dé dinh gid ‘thong tn, su vt, hientuomg, sr kien = Dénh gid, nhan dinh gid ti cba efe thong tn, wr Tiew theo mot mu dich, yeu cfu xe din, = Phan ich nhimag yéu 6, di kign 45 cho dé di ve chat ca suv, su kien, id sy thay di = Banh gid, nhan dinh dug i tj cha nan 1 mi xuathién Ki thay di ede mdi quan he Cée cong ey din gi 6 higu qui phil gp xéc dink duge ket quit hoe tap & moi esp 46 néi ten dé dun ra mot nbn dink chinh xéec vé ‘ing luc eta ngubi duge dinh gif vé chuyen mon ln quan, (6. Sang tao : La khi nang tng hop, sip xp thigt ke Iai thong tin; ai thée, b6 sung thong tn ee nguén ta Tigu Khée dé sing lap mot hin mau mes ‘Yeu cu tgo a duge mot hinh miu méi, moe mang hui ce quan hg tau tugng (So 46 phan lép thong tin). Ket qua hoc tap trong Tink ‘we my nhdn manh vao ede hanh vi, nang Iwe sing tao, dae biet 1 trong vige inh thanh ede cau tr vA mo hinh mi. Co thé cy thé hod mae do sing tao bing efe yeu chu = Mérong mét mo hinh ban déu thin m6 bin mai Kh quit hot nhng vin 8 rieng 16, eu thé thinh vin dé t6ng quit mei Ket hop nhiéu yeu t6 rigng thanh mot téag thé hodn chin me — Duron, ty bao Sy ua hign nhan 16 mot Ki thay adi cae mot ‘quan he ca. ‘Day fi mie do cao nt cia han thie, vind chia dug cc yeu 16 ‘ela nhimg mae d9 nbn thc tren va ding tha eng pt tiga ching.IV-CHUANKIEN THUC, KINANG CUA CHUONG ‘TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG VUA LA CAN CU, VUA LA MUCTIEU CUA GIANG DAY, HOCTAP, KIEM TRA, DANH GIA (Chusinkign thie, Ki nang va yeu cfu vé thi do eiia CTGDPT bio ‘Gisn tinh anong nha, tn kha th, ph nop cia CIUDPE ; bio dim hat tugng va higu qui cia qu tinh gio duc, 1. Chudn kign thiie, kinang la ean ett 11. Bien soan sich gio khoa (SGK) va cdc ti lieu hung din day hoe, kidm ta, dinh gi, di mi phuong phip day hoc, d6i méi kiém sid 12. Chi dao, quan Ii, thanh tra, kigm ta vige thue hign day hoe, idm ta, dénh gid, sinh hoat chuyen mon, do tao, bi dudng cn bd ‘quin li vaGGV. 1.3, Xae dinh mye tiev cba mi gi hoe, muc tu cba qué tinh day hoe, dim bio cht luong gio duc 14, Xée din mye teu kiém tra, dinh gid doi vi timg bai kiém , ai thi; dénh gi kei qu gio duc timg mon hoe, lap hoe, ep hoc. 2, Tal ligu Hung dn thy hign Chuain kin dae, A nang duge btm Ssoan theo hung chi tgt ede yeu edu eo bain, t6ithigu vé kiga thie Kinang eda Chudn kin thie, KF nang bing eée noi dung chon loc teoag SGK, ‘Tl lieu giip ef can bo quan If pido duc, eae edn bo chuyen mon, (GV, HS nim ving va thyehign dng theo Chusin kin the, kT nang, 3. Yeuciu day hoc bam sat Chun kién thie, kinang 3.1. Yeu edu chung 8) Can ei Chun kh the, Ki nang & xe dinh mue ie ba hoe (Qi trong day hoe nh dat duge cée yeu e4u co bin va 61 tha vé ihn thic, Kinng, im bio khdng qu ti va khong qué We thud hn toin vio SGK : mie do Khai thée siu kign thi, ki ning trong SGK phi pit hop vi kh nang tp thu cia HS, 1) Sing tg0 vé phuomg php day hoe phat huy tinh chi dong, 1 cue, ty side hoe tap cia HS. Chi ong eén luyén phusng php ws duy, rang luc turhoe,rernghitn eta a0 niém vui hig kbd nhu eu inh dng vith dt in tong hoe tp cho HS. ©) Day hoe thé hign moi quan he tich eve gida GV va HS, gia HS vi HS ; ign hinh thong qua vige 16 chie ede howt dong hoe tap eiia HS. k&t hop gitta hoe tap ef thé wi hoe tap hep te, fim vie theo nhs 4) Day hoe chi tong dein vige én luyen ec Ki nang, nang Wwe hhanh dong, van dung kia th, tng cum the hin va gan noi dung bai hoe wi the ida cude sing ©) Day hoe chi trong dén vige sit dung e6 higu qui phumg sign, thigt bi day hoe dave tang bi hose do GV va HS wr Lam ; quan tim ting dung cong nah thong tin trong day hoe. 2) Day hoe chi trong dé vie dong vin, khuyéin khich kip thai su tign bp cia HS trong qué tinh hoe tap; da dang noi dung, c&e hinh thc, eh thie ddnh gd vA tng curing hu gud vite dn gi 4.2, Yeu edu di vi cin b9 quan U cos gd due 2) Nim ving chi: twang di méi gio due phé thong cia Ding, [Nha nue; nm vimg mec dich, yéu eu, noi dung di mei thé hign outhé trong cée vin bin ehi dao cia Nein, trong Chuong tinh vi SGK, phuomg php day hoc (PDH), sc dung phuong tien, thiet bi day hoe, hinh thic 16 che day hoe va dn gid két qua gio duc, 'b) Nim vimg yeu edu day hoe bm sit Chin kin thie, KT ning ‘wong CTGDPT, déing thi a0 diéu kin thudn li cho GV, dong vien, khuyéh khich GV tic ove di moi PDH, ©) C6 bign phép quin Ii, chi dgo 1 chit thye itn 46i moi PPDH, trong nh truimg mot céch higu qua; thudmg xuyén kiém tra, din gi cfc hoat dong day hgc theo diah huemg day hos bm sit Chuiin kin thc, Ki nang d6ng thoi v6itch cue d6i méi PPDHL 4) Bong vign, khen thug kip thai ahimg GY thuc hin c6 hiew «qu déng thi vi phe bind, nic nh nbimg ngudi chuatich cue di ‘gi PPDH, day qué ti do kong bam sit Chu ki thi, ki ming. 3.3. Yeu edu di vbigido vien 8) Bim sit Chusin kin thie, ki nang dé thit ke bai ging, voi muc tit fa dat duge ede yeu cu co ban, 16 thidu vé Kien thc, Ki ming, day kong qué ti va khong qué 18 thuge hoan toin vio SGK. Vie Khai thae stu kin thie, ki mang phi pha hop v6i kha ning tgp thu cia HS. ') Tit ke, 16 chi, huéng din HS thue hign cic hoat dong hoe tap v6i cdc hink thie da dang, phong phil, 6 sie hp dn phi hop v6i dic trumg bai hoe, wi dde digm va winh do HS, vi didu kign cu thé ca lop, trutmg va dia phuong, ©) Dong viea, khuyén khich, go ca hoi va diéu kien cho HS dase tham gia mot ech tich eye, chit dong, sing tao vao qué trinh Khim Dh, phithign,d8 xust va Fink hoi ig thie: ch § kai dhée von kién thie, kinh nghigm, Ki ning €& 06 cia HS ; a0 nim vu, himg Khoi nnhw eu hinh dong va thi do ny tin trong hoc tap cho HS giip HS pt trgn 16% da nang luc, iém ng cia ban thn 0 «) Tht KE va hung din HS thue bien cde dang cis hd, bai ap phat trign te duy va rén luygn Kinng ; hug dn sir dung. cc tit bi Gay hoc; t6 chic 6 higu qui ede 8 toe han hung din HS 66 thé ‘quen van dung kign thie d hoe vio gi quyét cic vin d& hue ti, ©) Sirdung cde phumg pip va hin thie 16 chi day hoc mot cfc hap i higu qua inh hoa, pha hop v6 dtc amg cia ep hoe, mon hoe ‘ii dung, tinh chat cia bai hoe ; dae did va wh do HS ¢ th haem, day hoe va ede digu kgn day hoe cu thé eda time, da phaomg, ‘Yeu céu kiém tra, danh gid bam st Chudn kign thi kinang 4.1. Quan nim vé kid ta, dink gid idm tra va dinh gid 8 hai khaw trong mot quy tinh thing nh, rnhim xée dinh két qui thyc hign muc tiew day gc. Kim tra 1a th thap thong tn tr riéng 1é dn he thong vé ket qua thue hign muc teu day hoc ; din gif 1a xe djnh mie 40 dat dave vé the hig myc teu day hee. inh gi két qui hoe tap thye cht fh. vige xem xét mie d0 dat ‘duge cia hogt dog hoc eta HS so véi myc tgu dé ra 461 v6i time mon hoc, time lap hoe, cp hoe. Mye teu ca méi mon ge de cu thé hos tinh ee chun kign thic, Ki mang. Tur ec chun ny, Khi ign hin idm tra, inh gig Ket qua hoc tap mon hoe edn phat thigt ke think hig tieu eh nbiim kidm tra duve diy di ci v€ dink tinh va dinh mg Ket qua hoe tap cia HS. 4.2. Hai chite nang co bain eta kiém tra, din gid 8) Chie nang xée dis = Xie dinh mae dp dat duge trong vige thye hién mye tieu day .xée din mae dp thye hign Chusin kign thie, Ki nang cia chusmgin gio dyc ma HS dat duge Ki ket thie mot giai doan hoc tap (k&t ‘hic mot bai, chuomg, chi dé, ehd diém, mo dun, lop hee, ep oc), = Xe din doi hi sinh chint xe, kh quan, cong bing. by Chute nang dig kin : Phat higr nome mat 16, mat chu 6, ho khan, veg mic va xée dinh nguyen mhan. Ket qua dinh gi cin ett d& quy8t dinh gid php cai thign thue tang. nang cao chit Tong, higu qua day hoe vi gio de thong qua vige d6i mei, ius hos PPDH cia GV va husmg din HS bit ty din gi 486i uw hos phuons ‘hip hoe tap. Thong qua chic nang ny, kiém ta, din gid s& 1 digu ign fn thist Gitip GV asen dupe tinh hin hoe tp, mnie do pha bos vi {49 hoe luc iia HS trong, lop, 1 dO 6 bien php gidp do HS yeu kem vi bi dudng HS gid; eitip GV diuchinh, hoin tien PPDH | = Giup HS bieh duge kh ning hoe tap cia minh so véi yeu eu cia chuong tein ; xe dinh nguyen nhan think cong cing nur chua thanh cong, tr d6 digu chink phuong php hoc tap; phat ign Ki nang, wedi gis: = Gitip cin bo quia I gio due 4818 gi8i hap quan If phi hep dé rang cao hat Luong gido duc ; ip cha me HS va cong déng bist duge Ket qui gido duc cia img HS, time lop va cia c& cos gio due 4.3, Yeu cfu hiém tra, dainh gid 8) Kigm tra, dnd gis phi cn ci vdo Chudin hig thie, Ki nang ca time mon hoe 6 timg lop ; ee yeu cfu eo bin, 11 thigu cin dat ve kien thc, Ki nang cia HS sau méi gai doan, m6i Lop, mdi ep hoe. 'b) Chi dao, kidm ta vige hue hign chuomg tink, ke hoach gg day, ge tp cia ede nh trang ; ing eumg di moi Khu kigm tra, ‘si thwtmg xuyen, djnh KI; dim bio chit lugng kim tra, dah 5 thwimg xuyen, dinh ki chin cc, khich quan, cong bing : khong hin the, di pho nhimg cing Khong ety dp lve nang né, Kim tra thuong xuyén va dinh ki theo hung vila dinh gid duge ding Chun ign thc, king, vita c6 Kha nang phan hos cao; kiéi tra kth thi, Ki nang ea bin, nang ye vn dng kn thie eta ngudi noc thay vi chi 1c Kg, no mudy mde ki th igi tie ©) Ap dung efe phuemg php phn ich hign dai dé tang cubmg in tong diem et ee 48 kid tra thi. Ket hop that hop Ife hin tng idm ta, thi vn dp, 1 lun va are nghi€m nn han che 161 hoe ti, hoe Ke, ge wet: pit hoy a digm va han che nhuge dim cia méi inh Ue. {d) Banh gid chinh xée, ding thye tang : dinh gid ca0 hom thy 1€ 58 trigt tu dong Iue phan du vuem len ; nguge lai, nh gi Kit khe qui mic hoae thai d9 thigu than thien, Khong thay doe su tien 'bo, sé te che tinh cm, cf tue, gm vai tr tfeh eye, chit dang, sing tao cia HS. ©) Bainh gi kip thdi, c6 te dung gio duc va dong viem sr tién bo cits HS, git HS sit chia thigu s6t, Banh gid ca qué inh Tink hoi te thie cia HS, chi trong dénh gid hanh dong, tinh cdm cia HS: nghi va fam : nang Iye van dung vio thye tign, thé hign qua ting nit, giao tigp ; quan tam 16i mac dO hoat dong tich cue, chit ‘dong cia HS trong ting tit hoe tip thu ti thde méi, 6m luyén cling hu ce gt thuc han, thé nghiern, 2) Khi din gi et qui hoe tap, than tch hoe tap cia HS khong ch din gi ket qua cuoi cing, ma e&n chi ci qud tri hoe tap. Cin tao digu kign cho HS cing tham gia xc dink teu chi nh gi et qua hoe tap wi yeu eda Kong tap tung vio Kh nang ti hi wi dhe machi rong Kh nang van dung thie wong vite git guy ef nha ‘vu phe hop. Cé niu Binh thie v3. do phn ho cao wong din id 1) Khi din gi hat dong day boe Khong bi dink gi dn ch lige tap tia HS, ma con bao gsm dn i c qui tinh day hoe nm cdi tign at dong day hoe. Ch tong phuong pip, Ki thu ly thong sin pin hi rH dé dn gid gus win dy hoe i) Ket hop that hop gta din gi dink inh va dn ugng : Can «vi dc di ca timg mon hoc va hoat dong. gido dye 6 méi16p hoe, ep hoe, quy dinh ih gi bing dim Ket hop wi nha xt cia GV hay doh gi ing nbn xt, xép fai ca GV. lo) Ket ap din gi trong va dn gi god DE e6 them ede Ken thong tn phn hi Koh quan, ea Ket hop bi hod gita dnp rong va din gi6 ngodi ~Tu dn gid cia HS wi ih gd cia ban hoe, eda GV, taco 8b si dy, cia gia dnh vi cng dng “Tw dinh gi cia GV vi din gid cia ding nghigp, cia HS, gi 25. Khoi luomg Eo 2.6, Ta gan | [22 Vaniwe 7 28 Tién te >|. 3. Dai sé 3.1. Tap hop, menh dé 7 3.2. Bidu thie dai 96 + . 3.3. Him s6 vi 6 th raleete |e 3.4. Phuong tinh, yt. ae i pom tinh 3.5 Bat ding die = . . bat phuomg tin 3.6. Luong gi ~[* 37. Day 96, ep s6 cong, | : ep $6 akan1uxca wor DUNG Hue 0 2 teh | 41. Gigi han -Gidi han eta day 36 Ham $6 ign ye Gio han ea ham 56 42, Dao haw 43. Nguyen ham, tich phan 5. Hink hoe 5.1. Cie kh nigm hin hoe mt 52. Dai cuong vé dutng thing va mat ping ‘5.3. Quan he song song Trong mat phing ~Trong khong gian ‘5.4, Quan he wong g6e ‘rong mit phing “Tron Khorig ian 55. Da gle Tam yi “i pide “Da giéew Ac no oun owoe 7 a leeds s[e["]# [5.6 But ton nh ron + +] * ‘5.7. Hinh da dign + i = cy * ‘5.8. Hin tron xoay + cn . 59. Veta ~Trong mat phing | 7 = Trong khong gian y * * i [5.10.08 40 = = Trong mat ping : . ~Trong khong sian [ < Si Php di hin T = Trong mat ping | . “rong khong gian 7 z 512. Phép ding dang 1 ‘rong mat ping | ° “ong nog sian $ 6. Thong ke, 6.1, Thong ke . . oc i: “Té hop. Xée suit 62. Téhop * (63. Xie suit .DAY HOC MOT‘SO NOI DUNG CUA CHUONG TRINH MON TOAN |. Day hoc cdc hé théng 36 8) Bat vin dé ms rong cic he thong $6 toda hoe, poi hop. ') Day hge nhumg kn nigm s6: 36 va phep ton, ¥ nga hue cea ning kh nigm so. ©) Day foe php tinh vi quan he thirty: fn KT mang tinh to pit trin nang Tye tf tu8, ngéin hin thins quan nign cfu ti, 4) Day hoe nhng tin chat cia mi be thdg SO: N,Z,Q.R,C tir thge tin, tr noi bo we ©) HE thong hoa swe phat trgn cia Knee SO va Lam Ws (gibt ‘ig phuong php mé rong mothe tng 86. . Day hge phueng trinh va bat phuong trinh 8) Day hoc Kini nigm phuomg tfinh va nhimg kh nigm co tien quan, by Day hoe phuomg trinh dya vio him men dé + quan nigin v8 ding thie ; hia ding thye chat cia du = trong phong tein | (rink thie), phan bigt du = rong phuomg tink va du = trong bign d6i ding fikst ; iu kien xe dinh va nghigm phuomg rin, ©) Sir dung ngon nit cia I thuyét tap hop vi logic tsn (bién U6 ‘omg duo. he qua. két hop nghiem...). 4) Day hoe gi phuong tinh, ©) Dign bign cia tgp nghiem khi bign d6i phuomg tinh = mé rong, ‘thu hep, tuomg dong, £) Gidi quyét phuomg dign mgd nga (xem xét noi dung cia img imgnh dé toin hoe va nghia cia nhiing céch dat vin dé toén hoc) va plawomg.dign eX php (xem xét ct td Hin thie v8 si bin déi hinh thie ning bigu thie ton hoc, sy Tam vige theo ‘himg quy ti xe dinh, theo thuat gi, 2) Day ho giii bai ton bing ec lap phuong tin. bh) Tay duge ing dung ea ton hoe trong thet hho fe bai tos c6 noi dung thu tga i) Phat hign quan he gia cic dai luong, 4k) KT ming gidi bai toin, trong tam Ta KT nang lap va git ‘Phuong tin vite tan he 3. Day hoe ham 86 2) Day hoe kh nig hm 36 gi ich di naa hm 6 da sao bia utp hop vc re ge, mi hoa Kh em bing de vida dr +) Day he Khost im 5: ah ton phew Khost, v 6 th, de 5th ) Pht rin tw day im : tng hi dao (pst hen, mien cs hing stg ing) thu ign go dng es Kin hin is ams tis thie ve sc tang ing dom tr tp Ten nh hoat dons fn kh wt the phim php v8 dy ham : phan hae hoot dong tray hn (phe tp. mde doe lp ca heat dong nan the hoe sin, mc do thin thao cia how ng) 4) Phi tigate day in trong foan 9 chu. nh mon tos (ano cde mach on.|. Day hoc dgo ham va tich phan ) Day hoe him s6 lig we ‘him $6; hm 6 lien tue 'b) Day foc dao hsm = hint thn Ki gm s day hoe im dao hams, day hoc img dung cia dao him. ©) Day hoe nguyen him va tch phan: inh than Ki nim ; day ‘hoc tim nguyen ham ; Khai mlem tc phan ; tin eh phan. sidi han eta diy 96 ; gi han cia Day hoc hinh hoc khéng gian n hin thn, ein ) Day hoe kh ni ') Day nge ching minh : goi dng ca ; phuong php suy luan ‘a phuomg php chimg minh (xu, nguge Tai) ; quy tie ket Tuan logic, ©) Hinh v8 trong day he tinh hoe khong gian ‘inh v8 rye quan trong day hoe. 6, van dung, h bigu dién, . Day hoc vects va toa dé 8) Day hoe veto = Day boc Khai nigm vecto : mo tinh cing hung bing irae side, sr dung veeta we do mot ech n tang, chi § Tien mon, ~ Day hoe phép ton vecta: ein dinh nghia phép toén, quy tie ‘hye hign phep tod, ee tinh chit ea hi cia mi pap tos, ~ Day gid bai tap v€ veete php ton, by Day hoe toa do Cchuygn ngon ng, sir dung ede Day hoe phuomg phip toa do trong mat pling : he toa d9. lap va sirdung phuong tinh dung. ~ Day hoe phuong php ton do trong khong gian len he v6i ink hoe phing : them php tinh tich vec (6 hem). ©) Day hoe gi bi ap bing toa d9 = lim quen véinhing eich xe dink tog do cia ahimg yEu 16 hinh hoe ; quy tinh gi mot bai todn bing phucmg php toa 4. 7. Day hge mach toan dng dung 4) Day hoc yeu 6 ca phuomg php s6 ~ Lam 1 moi iene gta phuong php s6, ude ~ Gici thigu va cho sir dung mot s6 phuong php s6 thong dung phurmg phap lap (im nghigm). — Hinh thanh thi quen lam tron s6 va viet s6 theo quy tic chun 1) Day hoe yu 16 eda I thuyét tt ns = Lam 1 nguén g6¢ hode § nga thu tién cia bai toén. (vf du bai ton tim dug di ngén nh... ~ Cho HS gi ton 11 wu dua vio nhng kisi thie ton hoe phé thong : bat dng thie; dao hie. ©) Day hoe mot so yet ola xe sust thing ke = Day thdng ke mo ta (tr Tiéu hoe én Trung ge ph thong) = Day dai s6 6 hop. Day mot s6 yu 16 eta IF thuyét xe sus i va tytn, neu ¥ nghia thong ke 8. Day hge mét 66 yBu td cia 4) Lim 18 ning moi quan he gts nbng Khai nigm ean ett vio hing mot quan he gita nhimg tap hop = bigw thi ning moi ‘quan he d6 bing bigw d6 Ven, thuydt tap hgp va légie toanby Yeu edu sir dung ki higu cla tap hap va logic tong dién dat tos hoe yeu eu logic cia inh nga kai nie. ©) Phin teh eée thin phn cia ching minh va ede yeu cfu logic tum ng = lan 8, lun ed, wan ching. Day hge theo mach kigin thie togn 2) GV edn inh dung dae mae hig Unde wong chuome tinh tos ‘tung ph thong, cng nhur mach kiéa the chay nasi trong “Todn hoe dé e6 thé winh bay ding Khi day he va qua d6 gidip| HS higu va co thé thie wign duye kign tht dt hoc. Cain hi dung va Jott ce mach doc, mach ngang dé c6 thé tng dung, Soi Toi kign thie sa ep béi kign thie Tod cao cap vi ngwe Tai, chuyén hos. kiga thie Ton cao cp thanh so fp (tong tnuimg hop c6 thé). Huong din HS sao cho qua vie hoc e6 doe 30 08. v8 mach kién thie e6 trong chung tsinh. Chi ‘ign php thuc hin sao cho kha thi by GV cin gitp HS hinh dung duge he théng kign thie d€ o6 thé hin dung he théng bai tp, qoa dé hn dung duve mach kien the, Tit d6bigt cch khai théc va vin dung trong gid ton, hoe ‘odin va nghien edu Toa hye .) Thong qua day hoe ede mach kin thie, GV edn = Ren luygn cho HS cfc thao te tw duy + phn tick, téng hap. ‘wong ti ho, Kh quit hos, dc bit hos, 2» = Gidp HS cach Fam gid kign tte, te Ta day tri thie va day tr tue phuong php, Nhu the cling Ta day HS cich suy neh. day ch sing 0 — Day HS cach hoc, bit rhe. = Phan bac hoat dong, ten wi phan hos ds ewyng. = Day hoe uring ti pt eign 4) Khi hin dung duge ede mach tosin, GV 6 thé Ham git kgm thie, vom 16 bit sing te bai tap. Day foe mach ign thie cn gin wi day hoe ee tinh hing dig inh tong mon vs. ‘Qua vige tim higu efe mach kign thie ton & taromg phé thong, GY ef van dung duce trong day hoe céc tn huéing dia Binh hue ) Day ge kh nem by Day hoe din i ©) Day hoe bai ap 4) Day bge on tp. Lira ign hn theo efinb wy, ching ban cing e6, he thdng hos, ‘ip ed, tinh than,HUONG DAN THUC HIEN CHUAN KIEN THUC, Ii NANG MON TOAN LOP 11 A KIEN THUC CHUONG TRINH MON TOAN LOP 11 (Phan in nghieng, dém danh cho chwong tinh nang cao) DALSO 1. Cc him $6 lugng gide (dinh nghfa, tinh tun hodn, sy biga thign, d6 thi). Phuong tinh luong gide eo bin. Phuomg tinh bac hai d6i v6i mot him s6 lugmg gide. Phuong tinh asin + bcos Phucmg trinh thudn nhdt b&c hai d6i v6i sine va cose, Mot so dang phuong trink laong gide don gidn, 2. Phuong phip quy nap ton hec. Day s6. Cp 36 cong, Cap s6 nha. GIAITICH 1. Gidi han cia day 56, gidi han cia ham $6. Mgt s6 dinh Ii vé gidi han cia diy s6, ham s6, Céc dang vo dinh. Ham s6 lien tuc. Mot s6 din 1 ham $6 lin tue 2. Dao him. ¥ nghia hinh hoc va 7 nghia co he cia dyo hham. Cae quy tc tinh dgo him. Vi phan. Dao ham edp cao, HINH HOC 1. Phép dai hinh trong mat phing (phép d6i xing truc, phép 446i xing tam, phép tinh tién, phép quay), hai hinh bing nau, a Phép déng dang trong mat phiing (phép vi tu, phép déng dang), hai inh dong dang. 2. Buia thing va mat phing trong khong gian. Viti tuomg d6i gia hai dutmg, hing trong khong gian, Dudng thing va mat phing song song. Hai mat phing song song. Hinh lang try vi hinh hop. Phép chiew song song. Hinh bigu dign cia hinh khong sian, 3, Vecta va phép ton vects trong Khong gian. Hai dutmg thing wuong g6e. Duong thing wong géc voi mat phang. Phép chi6u vudng g6e. Binh Ii ba dudng wong gée. Gée git dung thing va mat phing, Géc giita hai mat phang. Hai mat phing ‘vudng gée. Khoiing cach (tir mot diém dén mét duime thing, dén ‘mot mat phing ; ita dutmag thing va mat phing song song ; gia ‘hai mat phing song song ; gida hai dutmg thing chéo nhau). Hinh lang tru dig, binh hop chi nhat, inh lap phiong. Hinh chp, hinh chap déu va inh ch6p cut du 16 HOP XAC SUAT Quy tée cong, guy tée nhan. Chinh hyp, hodn vi, 16 hop (hong lap). Nhi thie Niu-ton. Phép thie va big ¢6, Dinh nghia xc suit. Cae quy tie tinh xac suit. Bién ngdu nhién réi rac.1B HUONG DAN THYC HIEN CHUAN KIEN THUC, KI NANG MON TOAN LOP 11 (Pain in nghiéng, dim danh cho euaong rink nding cao) (Chudin kién hte ki nang Hung din thye hign chudn ‘Kien thie 69 ban Dang roan. Vidu. Laru 9 tain boan ; Sy bia thin; D6 thi. Ve high die : Hig cage Khai igen ham s6 Iuong gide (cba bién 96 thc), Ve kinang = Xe dinh dug: tp xe din; tap gi t+ tin chat chan, 1 inh tun hod chu ki: Khodng déng bien, nghich bién cia cée him sf y sin; y= cose; y= tan y= cot = Ve duge dé thi cia ee hen $6 y ost y= tans y= cobs 7. Ham #6 lame gide (ink aghia ? Tioh ] 1, HAM $6 LUNG GIAC VA PHUONG TRINH LUONG GIAC 1. Him s6 sin va him 86 eosin sin: RR xe yesines eosin: R > xr y=cost, Tap xée dinh cia hai hm s6 may DR # Voi mgix eR taeé Als sines 15 -1 S cose fy = sine Bhim $6 1, 46 th eta n6 doi xing qua go toa 40 ¢hinh 1), = Dang 1 : Tim tap xéc dink ; tap gid tri eat chin, 18; tinh usin oan 3 chu ki; khong ‘déng bign, nghich bien cia ede ham $6 y= sine; Tim tap xe dinh eda ham $6. = Tien tp git cia ham 86, ~ Him 36 4 eho chin hay 18 | Ham s6 cho o6 1 hm 6 tun olin Khong ? 'Néu tun hon hay cho bit chu ki? Xie dinh cic khong déng bign, nghich bign ‘cua ham s6.66°7Chusin kign thie = Ki nang ‘Hung din thu hign chun Kin thite ev bain Dang toan. Vidu. Luu § [ey = cose Ta him s6 chin, a6 thi ia n6 U6 ximg nh), “Ci ha hm 86 y = sins vay = cose du 1A hi 6 tun hoan voi chu Ki 2 sin(x + 2) = sins, cost + 2a) = cosy, Vr € R. ‘+ BS thi him 56 y = cose duge suy ra tr 6 thi him s6 y = sine qua phép tinh ttn song song vi vena ($9 | 2 Hm s6 tang va him s6 cotang, (= Hum 56 tung 18 hm $6 dave née 4 cong the ytane = 3% Vid, Ve 48 thi ota cdc ham s6 sau a) y= 2sins 5 boyy = -Deose 5 Oy =ntanr 5 4) y = ~cotx 2(Chuan kién thie ~Ki nang Hudng din thye bien chun Kien thi eo ban Dang todn. Vidu. Lins ¥ ‘VOi tip xée dinhy D fpetstea ee y= cote = 25 él tap xéc din D=R\ (ix.k eZ}. # Ham so y = tanx (inh 3) va y = cot (inh 4) Ea ohimg him $6 16 va tuén hoi voi chu ki Hin 3 m4(Chuain kién thie ~ki nang ‘Hung dn thyc hign chudn Kign thie co ban Dang toan, Vid. Laru 7 Binh 2 Pics wind luong.gide ea in (Cae ‘Phuong tinh Iugng gic eo bin ; Cong thie nghiem ; Muah hoa tren ducimg trom long, ide). Ve kign thie + Bist duge phuong inh Ig gide co ban : sinx = mr: cos: tanx= m: colx = m va cong thie nghigm, Vé AT nang : Gidi thinh thao phuong tink Irons gide ca bin, Bit six dung méy tinh ‘63 ti h6 tro tim nghiém phuong tinh long gic eo bin, ‘fe nghigm x Tacin viet wel se ate don | 1. Phuong tinh sine =a wo + Neu fo] > 1 = Phuong tinh (1) vO nghiem, # Neu fs 1: Data ing ,phuomg tinh (1) ¢6 +x kez ” exp +n keZ. x = mesing + 124,4 eZ (esina Ta x= a—ansing +12n,k eZ Feiss Dang bai tp: Gili phuong wih Ivone ide co bin ; Sir dung may tinh b wi nd trom ‘nghigm phuomg tinh Iuong gide co bin. V6 du. Gidt va mink hoa trén dung tron lug gide nghi¢m cia méi phuong trink sau 2) sine = 0,789 by sin = 1 25Chun in tite ~Ki nang Huéng din thue hién chudin Kia thie eo ban Dang toan. Vidu. Liu § Chie “© Néu $6 do cia g duge tinh bang dd thi nghiém r= 9 +1360 X=180? 9 +1307, eZ. 12 Téing gust, vi fix) v0) 10 hal bid shite: cia ta cd» Phuong trink snfls) = sing(s) tzong amet fe) = gs) +a k eZ (a) =~ gla) + Kak © Z. sisi 2. Phuong tinh cost 1 Né fo > 1: Phuomg enh vo nghiee. @ Neu |< 1: Data ‘6 cée nghigen 0s, phuong tinh (2) to +x keZ. ‘Tacon vist: Q) axa acco +m ke Z (arccosa la gée thuge doan (0 ;}, ma cosin cia 6 bing a), sony {* N&u 86 do cia g duge tinh bang do thi nghiem. cia 2) 6 dang £9 +1360", ke Z Vi du. Gil efe phuong tinh a) cose b) cose Vid, Gi ede phuong tinh a) tans = V3 5 by tans = 20. Vid. Gti ee phuomg tinh = ) cotx = + ge 5789. by cote 6‘Chusin ki thie —Ki nang Hudng din thye hien chudn ign thie eo ban Dang toan. Vid. Law § Ting quit, wi lo) og) 1a ai bidet cha ta c& + Phuong trink cosfix) = cosg(s) tong cong voi fix)= £90)+)28, ke Z. 3. Phuomg rink tans = @ ‘Vei mai a © R., phuong winh (3) luon 66 nghigm rotana + ke, ke Z 2.2), 66 tan $9} coum (arctan 1 ge thupe Khong (- cia n6 bing 4), Néu g Ia géc thoi min tng = a thi nghigm cia oa xa tka keZ + chy 4 Néu 36 do cia @ duoe tin bang do thi nghigm cia 3) c6 dang :x= g + F180", k € Z. «= Phang trink taf) = tangs) tome dong véi fia) a) the bed. 4. Phuomg tinh cote = a @ Vi moi ae R. phuomg tinh (4) won e6 nghiem arccola +k ke Z. (arccou 18 g6e thude khong (0 ; =), ¢6 cotang bing).Huong din thue hien chun Dang toan. Vidu. Law § ‘Néu @ li poe thod i thi nghiém cia @liex= 9 thx keZ aus = Nei s6 do-cia @ duge toh bing 49th nghiém iia (4) c6 dang :2 = g +4180", ke Z + Pluaangtrink co¥fs) = cong) tomy dong voi fl) 290) +h ke Z, FMar 0B plocong iri cong wide tng ‘edp (Phuong trish bac nhs, bac ha dot vr ‘mot him s6 lugng giée Phuong tinh casins + Boose = ¢ ; Mot 80° phuamg trink long gid Khe). Ve kid sae’ - Bist duye dang va céch gi phuomg tinh : bac nhat, bde bai doi voi sot him s6 lugng gic; asin + bcos pphuong trinh thudn nit bac hab doi vet Sinx v8 cose: phuamg trink dang ‘alsine cose) + bsinxeosx = 0 5 phuomg rink 6 sit dung cong thie bién déi dé ‘id (@ dang dom gin). Vé Aiming : Git duce phoomg think thude ee dang néu tr. T. Phuong wink bj nhdt d6i wai mot him sé long side 4 Phuong trinh ble ost 461 véi mot him 36 Iuong gide o6 dang : ut + B= 0, trong d6 a b Ta ce hing 36 (a #0) vA 18 mot trong ede Narn 96 long pie (y=sins, y= e0ss, y=tant, y= COU). # Cach gid: Bign d6i, dua phuong tAnh 43 cho ‘vé phuong tin lugng ge co bin, 2 Phung tinh bac hai d6i vi mot hm s6 lwong side ‘© Phuomg trinh asin’x + bsinx + c= 0, (a #0): sn, fda v poe tint Deb (85 ta? + bee = 0. Gili phn wink i 116 te tim. ha § iu ig 5 1 6 Toi ngay cae gi tr khong thich hep) at Dang bai tap + Gill phuong_ eink thuge ce dang : phung tinh be nha, b&e hai di vi mot him 36 lugmg gic ; phuong tinh asin + Deoss =; phuomg tinh thu nha bie hai iv sins va cose; phuzomg trink dang a{sinx cose) + bsinxcose aoe. trinh ‘sit dung cing thie bign déi d€ gidi (6 dang don gin) ; mot sO phuong trink lung ide hac. Vida. Gii phuong wnt | sine Vid, Gi ede phuomg eit o: by sin? —(1 + V5 jsinscoss + V5 cos?s: 8) 2eostx —3eosr +1 28: Hudng din thye hign chuda ‘Chuan kign thie ~ ki nang e ign thie co bin 1z Dang toin, Vidu. Law 5 = Phaomg trinh acos"x + Boost + «= 0, (a # 0): | Vide. Gi ede phone tinh Darcoss, EL a) sine + sin2x + sine = 0; # Phuong tinh atan?x + bans + ¢ = 0, (u 2 0): |B) sin2xsingx = sin3xsindy Dac = tans ©) (sine + cos) ~ bsinzcose + Phumg tinh acre + boots +6 =O, (a # 0): |) sinte+ sin?Re= 2ta?2e Dat = cote. Vidy. Gi ede phuong tinh 3, Phurmg tinh bac nb 46 vi sine va cose: ae sine + Boose =e (a 20,60) 0 Phuemg phiip chung dé gidi : + Si-dung cong thie ith di cesinc + oar V2 +B since + 9), ‘dua phuomg tinh (1) vé phuong tinh lume gis corbin sings + 9) = Vee Vive + Sit dung cOng thite tinh sinx va cose theo tetane 2 a) Ssing + 12o0s1 b) sins + VBcos: ose cose = 9 a Pee ie phos tinh eee are eee (1) vé phacong tinh be hai di vit, 2»(Chusin kién thie — ‘Hung dan thu hien chun Kiga thie ev bin Dang toan, Vi dv. Luw § 4. Phutomg trinh thudn nhdt bc hai adi vii sinx va cose ‘+ Phuong trinh asin’ + bsinxcosx + ccos'x = 0, trong di, b, ¢ li cde hing 86, v6 a 20 hode | bed hodee 0. Phuong phap gidi : Chia hai vé cia phuomg tink cho cos’ (s6i diéu kign cose +0) dé dua phwong trink vé phuong trink doi véi tanx, hhoge chia hai vé ciia phuong trink cho sinx (ti digu kien sinx#0) aé dua phuang tinh v6 phucong trinh Adi véi cote. * Chit ¥ : BOI v6i phucong tink asin’x + bsinscose + ccos’r = d, (a, by, de R, a? + Wc 20) a c6 thé quy vé gil phuong tink thud nit bac hai déi véi sinx vd cose ‘ing céch viet d dudi dang = disin?x + €08"x). Vida. Gil ee phe tinh a) sin? + (1+ V3)sinxcosx + VGeos? » by sin?x ~Ssinscoss +3 =0, u. 76 HOP. KHAI NIEM XAC SUAT T. Dui 30 15 hop (Quy tae cong vB guy te | ‘han ; Chinh hap ; Hoan vi TS hop ; Nhi | thc Niv-tom) Vi hits sis = Bide quy the cong va guy He han: odin vi, chinks hop, t6 hp ehap & | can phi tr: cong thie nh thie Niu-om (oso T. Quy tie cong va quy the nhan # Quy te cong, Gi sit 464 omg X €6 m céch chon Khe ahau, 46: tong ¥ c6 7 ech chon Khe nhau va khong. 6 céch chon di twang Xndo tung vei mei ese chon ‘doi tuong ¥. Khi dé e6 m +» céch chon ‘mot trong hai do tong. —Dang 1: Gili cic Bai ton «6 van dung quy te cong vi quy te nhan ; Tinh $6 ede hosn vi, hint hop, hop chap ea phi wi. Dang 2: Khai tin hy thue Nww-em vor mot 6 milcu thé; Thm he s6 ca. trong kha ida ‘hi hie Niu-tom thnh da thi: 30Chuain kign thie — ki nang Hiusng dn thu hign chusin “Dang toan, Vid. Laru 9 Vekinang ~ Bade du van dung duge quy tic eng v2 uy te nha, = Tioh dune s6 ee hodn vi. ehinh hp. 16 | hop chap & ca m phan ~ Bist khaitridn nthe Niw-ton voi mot 6 md eu th. ‘Tim duge hg $6 cia x wrong kha tra nj the Niu-tom than da thie; A. BI céc tap hop bitu han, khong giao nha “°K 66: (4 UB) = A) + 0B). 0 + Chu y : Cong tute (1) c0 1né mé rong theo ‘ai acing (a) NEw A vB la hai tap hop hitw han bat ki thi MA UB) =m(A)-+n(B) —m(A OB). DUNE Ayo Ag lt ee tp hop hitw han tu 5. 461 mot khong giao nhau thi WAY UA, IVA, Ay) +A) + A = Quy tée nan Gi sit c6 hai hanh dong duge thu hie iene. Hianh dong thi abit ¢6 m kgt qui. Ung v6i mdi ‘ket qua ea haoh dong thi nhat, hank dong dir hha c6 1 két qua. Khi 6 c6 mn ket qu cia hai hank dong len gp 6. * Chi ¥: Quy tée nhan 6 trén 6 thé mé rong cho mhigu hank dng lén tp. 2. Hoda vi, chinh hop, t6 hop (khong lap) Cho tap hap A pom m phn tin 1), Vi du. Mot d0i thi diu béng ban gém 8 van dong vien nam va 7 vin dong vign nd. H6i e6 bao nhieu céch cir ngdunhien van dong vien thi ain 8) Don nan, do wa? ) Doi nam —na? Vi du. Cho ede ehit 56 1; 253545 5. Hoi ob ‘bao eu s6 wy nhien © 5 cha s6 46; mot Kise ‘hau duge thant lap tt ee chi s6 da cho ? Vi du. Hai o6 bao niu efch chia ngéu nen ‘mot lop ¢6 40 hoe sinh thanh ede nhém hoe tap sma m6 nlm c6 8 hoe sin? Vi du. Mot hop cé chia 20 vien bi mau di, 30 vigm bi mau sanh va 40 vien bi mau vang. Lay ‘bait ki tic hop dé 10 vien bi. Khi 6: 4@) C6 bao nhieu Kha nang léy due 10 vin Bi cing mau ? ) C6 bao nhieu Khai nang ldy roe 10 vien bi, trong 46 c6 it mht 2 vien bi mau xanh ? ©) C6 bao mhieu khd nang ly dpe 10 vien bi ‘rong dé 6 dng 2vién bi mau xank ? 31Hudng din thu hign chun _ Kien thie eg bin Dang toan. Vid. Laru 7 = MOi su sip xép mph treba A theo thd we no 46 duge goi la mot hod vf ca tap hop A 6 cfc hosin vi cia tap hop A duve ki higu 8 P,, Pyemin=1)..21 =A * Méi céch ly ra phin tireda A (1 < A i nay ra ki v chi ki A khong nay rt Bio o6 A/OB xiy ra khi va chi Ki A hose B | iy Bign 6 A.B xay ra khi va chi kh A va Being xay ra Néa A QB = Oth A va B duve got I8 ful bien 6 sung Hide 2. Xie suit cia ign 6 [Néi A 1 big c6 lign quan dé phép thi chi 6 | Sos hau han ede Ket qua déng kh nang xust thi 6 WA) 4) due got Ia ic sudt cia big 66 A. | Xie suit e6 cc tink chat sau 2)0 A va B ge lap <> vi B dc lap €2 A va B doe tap. [3 Bidn nedu nhién rot rac (Khai nim | bien ngéw nhién roi rac ; Phin b6 xéic | sua cua bién ngdu mhlén rai rac; Ki | vong todn, phuomg sai, d6 léck chun cia bien ngdu nhien roi rac). Ve kién thie: Biet duse : Khai niém bién ngdu nhien rai rac ; Phan bo xée sudt cia bién ngdu uhien rai rac. Ki vong ; Phuong sai ; Bo lech chuén cia bien ngdu nhien ri rac. T. Khai nig bid ngdu nhign rit rac Ui rac méu nd mhan gid tr Bing sé thude mot {dp hop hicu han nao do va gid tri dy 1a ngdu nnhién, Khong due dodn rude due. 2. Phan bd rac suat cia bién medu nhién rot Git sie X 1a. mot bien mgd nhién roi rac aan ee gid {4.8 0-n8y} DE hid ro hom vé X, 1a | [Dang 1: Lap va doc bang phan bd xde sudt Dai lumg X due goi la mot bién ng nbien | cia bien ngdu nhien rot rac véi mbt 6 it gid Dang 2 : Tinh : Phuong sai; Blech chun tia bien ngdu nhién roi rac. Vé de. Mot hop chia 8 vigm bi dé v6 vien bi xan Lay bt ki tc hp d6 4 rien bi. Goi X la s6| gm bi xanh duce chon ra trong s6 cc vin bi 2) Mo td khong gian méu ; 35‘Chuan in thie ~ fo Hiding din thy hien chun Kien thie ev ban Dang todn. Vid. Lan § Ve ki nang = : = Lap va doe due bing phan bé xéc sual | caia bien media mhién roi rac v6i mot soit sian. use + Phuong sai ; BO lech chudin cia bién ng nhién réi rac trong bai tp. ‘cdg quan tim din xde sudt 42 X hin gia tr x tite led 66 PIX = 4) = Pp 9GER= Hy 25 ony (Céc thong tin vé X nlc vy dag trink bay dui dang bing su day: ¥[s|# [= [| Pla im Pa Bing 1 Bang 1 duge gol 1a bang phan b6 xi suat ci bign ngdu nbn rai rac X. ‘Trong bing 1, ting ede s6°6 dong thit hai bing Dit Pater Py 3. Kivong (Cho X taba mgd min ri rae vi pitt 1a {ayrzeoot- Ki vong cia X, kr hieu 14 BCX, i mbt s6 dae tinh theo cog thie Baye spy eet ons “SHR 45 p.2PX =) 4. Phong at Cho X ta id mgd nh rik ra vp fa Goethe Bhong sa eda X, Adhd ena mae bug tah theo cn he Adame 1B) Tinh gid tricia bigh mgd ahi X 5 ©) Tink : Phuong sai, 49 lech chudin cia bién ing mien ri rac X. 36Hudng din thuc hien chun ‘Chuan kin thie ~Ki nang Dang toan. Vidv. Lam § Kit tie coi OX) = (x1 —10)'Py + a Ha + wey 1g =D > 6 6 pj= POC = x), = 1s 2a) 98 pt = EX). Bo lech chudn Cam bac hai cia phim sai, ki hieu fa 0 (X), ‘ua go a ech chusin ea X, nghia la 2) = WO) t III, DAY 86. CAP $6 CONG. CAP SO NHAN T-Phatong dp quy nap Toda Toe (Gi thigu phueng phip quy nap todn hee vee | 1, 5 chimg minh moe menh dé la ing v6i moi | ~ Dang bai tip : Gi mgt s6 bai tosin dom gin vid dp deg) ne" bing phuomg php quy nap toan hoc, ta| bing phuong php quy nap. V8 kign tic ‘ign han hat bude Higa due phuomg phip uy nap ton hoe. | Bude 1: Kigm ta ing meah dé 6 ding v8in= 1 | yy, Ching minh Ve kinang ‘Buc 2: Gi sir ménh dé di cho ding véi mot s6 > 1) (ta gol la pi hie | + He chia het cho 6 voi Vere N at céch gidi mot 6 bai todn dom gin |" Ahien bat Kim Bi hm 8 noma cng ing -quy nap, 1 Vidu. Ching minh ring v6i Yn © N°, ta.c6 2. Trg ang hop pi ching minh fo ‘ing vi moi s6 ty nahien n = p (pla sO ur abien | 2, 92 4 32 4 4g? = MO tDn sD tenon 6 ‘+O bute 1, ta kiém tra menh dé 66 ching v6i n= p. | Vidu. Cho sé the + 0 ude 2 ta gi hi men 8 cho ding vi] 5 1. Ching minh rng: (143) 21+ me ‘mot s6 wy aben bat kG n = kK p) v8 cng | inn ing nd cing ding vin = A+ E v8 mg 6 nguyen dzone, 37‘Hung dn thu hign chun Chusin kién thite — Ki nang ign thie ea bin Dang todn, Vi du. Lim ¥ 3. Chay > Php thi voi mot sO bw han sO ww rien, tuy khong phii Ia hig minh, nhumg cho phép ta du dadn duge ket qua. Ket qui nay chi 1 | sid thiet, va dé ching minh ta c6 thé ding hung pip quy nap tin hg, 2 Day oF Diy wy Diy 3 ung, diy i] sim ; Diy 6 bi chin). Ve hig thie | ~ Bik duge : Khii nig day 56 céch cho | day 56 (bi cong thie t6ng gut; bd he the try hi; ing m0 t) 3 dy 6 ta an, vo han ~ Bit nh tang gti, bi chan cia mot dy 26. Ve nang = Xie dinh dye ee 56 bang cia dy $6: ‘Tim cong thie bu dia 56 hang tng quit cia day 6. = Xét due tinh tang, slim, bi chin cia days | 1-Dinh agi 4) MBi iim 36 u xée din ten tap $6 NT due B08 dy $6 v0 han (go tt La day 80). NOR no ale at win $6 (4). ‘Doi Khi mgubi ta cing goi n6 [a quit cia dBy 56 (u,) 'b) Mi ham s6 u xée dinh tren tap M2 (1,23, mb, vim e NY, dave got Id day 6 it han 2. Cich cho mot diy 6 _») Diy 6 cho bling cOng thie cia 96 hang ting ust Khi d6 uy inh wen NY 1 8 gol n6 a 56 hang thir eta diy 36 hang t6ng in, trong df 14 mot ham $6 xe = Dang 1 : Xée dinh efe s6 hang cia day 56 5 ‘Tim cong thie biéu dién s6 hang t6ng quit cia diy 86 Dang 2: Xet tinh tang, giim, bj chan cia day 6. Vi du. Trong cdc day 36 due cho dui dy, ch ra dy hitw hen, sim, diy i chan 2)2,5,8,11 p13, ie 83 OLA iy iy v0 han, diy tang, diy 38(Chun kigo thic ~ki nang T Hung di tn we hin chin Kien thie eo bin Dang toan. Diy Ti cich Khd thong dung (gidng nhwr him 56) ‘vi neu biét gid tri iia (hay cling chink Ta sO thie ‘cia 96 hang) thi ta c6 thé tim ngay duo wy 1b) Diy s6 cho bing phuomg phip mé ti Naud ta cho mot ménh dé m6 ta cfch xée din cic 6 hang lién tiép cha diy s6, Trong mot so time hyp, khong thé tim ngay duge u, véi uy §. ©) Day s6 cho bing cong thie tray hi hay quy nap) “Cho s6 hang thi nb w, (bode mot vai s6 hang iu. '* V6in = 2, cho mot cong thie tink ny néw bit 14-4 (hose mot vai s6 hang dmg ngay trude A). (Cae cong thie o6 the 1k iy = ay Myly ade 23, 3. Diy 36 tang, diy 86 gidm Diy 66 age go BL tng gy > ty WS moin e 8) = Diy 96 1, duge goi Ih. gm m8 yg) 0 v6i moi n «Nth day $6 48 cho Ia iy sOtang. + Néu H < 0.i moi n & Nth dy 86 dicho la iy 6 gm, * Phucmg php 2: Néu u, > 0 v6i moi ne N° a apt s6 "22, ri so san v6 + Néu “041 > 1 véi moi n © N* thi diy s6 3 ho dy s6tang, +Néu “+1 <1 véi moi me N° thi diy s6 48 cho: 1 dy s6 gidm. 4. Diy bj chin | + Day 56 (u,) duge goi Ia Di chan ten néu tén tai SM sa0 chou, SM, Vane = Day $6 (uy) doe go 18 bi chan di néu 6 ta Vi du, Xe dinh s6 thuc a dé day 56 (u 4) Mot day s6 tang ; 0) Mo day s6 iim. Vidy. X6 xem trong ee day 96 sau, diy 96 nto 1 day s6 bi chan 40(Chusin kign thie ~Ki nang Huong dan thu hign chun Kign thie eo ban Dang toan. Vid. Luu § ren via bi sa0 eho + Diy $6 duge got © Lan § » Cie di * | sm sao chou, 2m, Vne ‘han, na n6 vita bj chan ‘chan dui, te 18 tn tai ha 8m, M Su, 5M, Vaan * nou ten khong nb hist ay, sWne Ns Dy = buen vnen” Om SD, Yn EN, ~ Sohang tng gust uy ~ Ting 5, ca 56 hang A isn cba ep 6 cong VE AF nang : Tim dug cle y6a 16 dn Ii hi eho biet ba tong nam ya 16 a ym 4S 3. Tinh chat hay meat Mens 4, Ting 6 hang du =m + (1d (ne 2), mom nt @ Mel Stl ike 2neN 2m nH 4) ene phi xy ra ‘Cap 56 céng (S6 hang Gng quit cba cép | 1, Dinh nghia : Cho day 86 (w,) Dang 1: Tim cde yéu 16 con igi cia ofp $6 song Ting 8 ne tg eo yy ny done NY, [SM HO DE mga Et Eh i: Bk age Clade oo He qua ~Dang 2 : Ching mink mot day s6 la edp 56 ee Cong sai d= ys ~ He cine. wring lim (-uy) = 422 * Lane: Thay cho tim uy =a, ta viet tit jim, te, lima, 5. Cle gigi han dc bigt 1 time 5 lima! = 420 ik nguyen dune ) img" = One fy <1; lim” =+ = néug> ©) Hime = 0 (ela hing $6). 4. Dinh 1 6 pi han haw han a) Néu tim, 42a im, =, th Tig? =0 v6if <1 a dim gid han cia moe 6 diy 36 dn gin ~ Dang 2 : Tim téng cia mot caip s6 nhan Tai vO tin Vd Che yu) vb ny = vn a 8 auyén don. a) Chiang minh riing = 1) Bing phuome php guy nap ching minh he ring 0< a, 5 gy 9. Ching mink dy 56 (1) 6 pdt han. Vide nel sy Tin tim?! e+ by Tinh im’! Vi dy. Tinh t6ng cita mot cip sO nhan lai vo han Bede sShang dul “a‘Chusin kin thie ~ Hugg din thue bien chun Kia thie co ban [ Dang todn. Vidy. Lim § Tim, + 5,)=a4bs # limi, -»,)24 bs fim.) bs (og « 05 fe 41-20 Veda, Tinh i) ( Qt | b) Néu u, 2 0 v6i moi me Nya lim u,, timgag = 5, Dinh I lien he gia gi han how han va gid han vo.eve 2) Nm, Ty = 0 i vay, > 0 v6i sng Hi = NEU lima, = +20 v8 my, = a> 0th Tirm(uyt,) = 42‘Hudng din thuc hién chun ‘Kia thie eo Dang todn, Vidu, Lam § 6 Capo aaa Ta vO haw + Cap 8 nin i v0 an p36 nn vO ban 6 cng bog thod mn € 1 + Cong thie a tng S cla fp 6 nan ta vO han (4) Sma tty ty hast yt me | 7 Gia han ca aim 3 Di nga ME 6 dinh I vé gigi han cia him 6; Mé rong hii nigm gigi han cia him s6 (git han mot ben) ; Cée dang vo din), Ve high te ~ Biet Khai nigm gidi han ca ham s6. Gidi than mot ben. Bi tng ching minh) N40 im 70) = £1 imo} = + NEO fim fs) = L(0) 20 v6 x exo ni L2 Ova tim YFG) = VE. + Din so an i [F096] - fo) i (seat tin £2 m(7ra] tn 2 1. Gi6i han hw han # Cho Kholing K, xy © Ava him 36 fx) xée din tren K (ho¥e KL) lim f(s) = L Khi vA chi Khi wi dy 56 (4) bit Kia © AN (xg) vag mp th tim fs) = Le 1 Cho him s6 y=/) ade di tren khsing (4 :). lim, (3) L Khi va chi Kh wi dy 86 (x) Hing <4

ta lim 1 Che hi sy =e) xe din ttn kosing (9) lim_f(4)= L Ki va chi Khi w6i diy $6 (4) bat Ha <4, < Ag Vay p16 Tims) = = Dang 1 : Sit dung dink nghia gist han cia ‘ham s6 ching mink ham s6 e6 gidi han hode khong c6 gidt han. Dang 2: Tinh ‘Gigi han cia him 56 tai moe di ‘+ Gigi han mot ben cia him s6 tai mot dim, + Gis han cia him s6 tai 0) re ‘= Mots6 gi han dang? = | ey Vidw Tinh imo? ~34 +4) 45(Chuan kign thie ~ nang Hudng din thue hen chun Kign thie eo bin VERT ndng ~ Trong mot 6 tame hop dom sin, tinh duve ~ Gici han ea ham 86 i moe dig, Gis bgn ge ben. = Gi han cia him s6 ti sists 9s 0 + Gho him s6y = fis) xée dink wen Khong (ai+e), lim fo Iki vk chi Khi vi dy 6 (x) bat Kix, >a van, > +00, thl Lim f(x.) =L. 1 Cho him 6 y = fis) xée dinh tren Khong (0:4), tim, fa Kix, 00, Tim Kiva chi Khi vi dy 6 (x) bit L. 2. Gidi han ve cue Sau day 18 hai trong hiéu Toai git han vo cue ne aha {Cho hm 56 fix) xe dinh ten khodng (a +20) lim foo= co ki va chi khi vOi diy $6 (x) Dit ki,ay > 4 vay, > +09, 1006 lim f(x,) =~. *# Cho khoiing K. xy © K va hm $6 ft) xée din tren K (hote KX Iso) Tah tn 2-30 +8) Vid ‘Tinh Jim eae eee Vide. Ti 2x2 Sel > in Vide Tink lim (= a2 +1). Vide (x+2vr) rn in| 70). Vidu. Cho ham so 2y]—1 von vs 2 fat +1 voi x>-2, Tim ede gidi han sau (nd 6) : fu 46(Chusin kign thie — ki nang Hung dan thu hign chun Kien thie co ban ~ Dang (odin, Vidy. Lary lim fC) = +2 hi vi eh Kh vi dy 6 (4) bt Hig, € KV Lg) Vy 5 Hq te him f(s) = (Niuin xét © fx) €6 git han 400 Kh vt chi Khi = As) e6 ii han —0, 3. Che gi6i han de biet a) Tim x= 495 ae | 2 | | ©) lim © = 6 |) ae 4) im S=0; ©) tim 2) lim a = +, nia a sb chin Tim flay: tim flo: tim Fay wa ay PS ay a‘Chuan kign thie — Ki nang Husng dn thue hien chudn Kiga thie eo bin Dang toan, Vid. Law § Dinh live gi han bw han Binh I a)NEw fim f(x) =L. va Tim goo =: ae ran + fim [100 + ato]= Leas Jim (700) ~ eo]=L= as aa + fim [F0)200]= LM + tim 2 = Eas st #0); sae DYNEW lx) 20vA lim F(A)=L ARIL 2 Ova tim 75 = VE. (Diu cba fx) dave x61 wen khong dang tim gid han, vi x #4) * Chi: Dinh 11 vin ding Khi.x > +20 hode Binh 112 lim fO)=L. asChusin kién thie — ki nang Hiding din thue bien chuiin ign thie ov bin Dang todn, Vida. Lamu § ay : 5. Quy tie v8 pit han wo cue a lim f(a) = Ls lim g(x) = 45 a ae 8) Quy tée tim gigi han eta eh 0) 60) fim 09] img) J tim (00.800) sy! wk) | Ry 730 |e = T20 ee == Quy i tm it anc thang 2 Him £29 | tim et | Dat | fm LO. ay ela fx) | 55 @0) L TWF | 0 To] _0 | + |= [sears ae GOs Oe lercs lee (cia gs) 6 én moe Khong K no 6 dang {ih gigi han, vv) 9Hugng din thuc hign chun Dang todn, Vide. Lamy FH 3B te Din ghia Ram 30 Tien te tai mot digm, him s6 lien tue ren mot khong: Mot s6 di v6 him len tue), Ve ign te: et 000 = Dinh ghia ham s6 lien tue (ai mot «im, tren mot Khang). = Binh I vé : Téng,hieu, teh, thong ede ham sien we — Din I vé: Hm da tic, phan dhe ow ti lign we en tap xe din cin ching, = Dinh i gid tr rung gian) : Gid st ham 56 fix) lien tue trén doan [a ; 6]. Néu fa) + fib) thi voi mdi s6 hue M dm gia la) va fib), tin tai it mbit mot dim ‘cla; b) sao chofte) =M. Vek nang = Bet dng dung ee dinh If n6i wen xét tinh Hien tue cia mot hm s6 dom gin = Diet ching minh mot phuong tinh 6 ‘nghigm dia vao din igi tr trung gan, T Hi so ien we + Cho ham $6 y = fx) ade dinh ten khong K va so ek y= fe) Hien tye tah xy Kh vit chi ki lim /(2)= fe) oa # y= fo) ign we ten mbt khong nu n6 lea tye tai mo didi thud Khoding 46, 1) Fign tue tren dog [a:b] nu no Lién te tren khong (0 :b) va lim £( Wo. han sét: BO thi cia him 96 lin tae tea moe khoing duge bigu th bai mot “dung Tign née” ‘ren khsing 6 2. Cie inh tt Dinh a) Ham s6 da thie Hien tue ten ton bo tap s6 | hye R bby Him s6 phan the hau t va ham s6 lung ge Fien tue ten timg khong cia tp xée dinh cia ching, Dang 1 NE nb Hien don giin Tai mot dig: (Tren mor khoing ; Teen mot doan Tren ap xc dink cia 6 = Dang 2 ; Ching minh mot phuong trinh €6 righiem trong mot khong cho trade (da vio inh IC = Neu ham 36 fla) lign tye tren doan lar; Bl 98 la),{H) <0 ah pom sinh fO9 6 tht not nghigmm nam tong khong (a). Vid, X6t tin Hien tye cia hm $6 faya8 30 wi Védy, Xét tinh lien tye ota him rl w= Sai xe0 &e oe‘Chuan kign thie ~Ki nang ‘Huong dan thu hign chun ign thie eo bin Dang todn. Vidu, Lana § Dinh 2; Gil sly = 70) va y= a0 hal him 6 lien yet gm Khi dd 2) Cic ham 96 {fe)) fo)-a) 92 0) gC) ng ea yeti idm ay: Dyin 6 Lent nt) #0: ‘Binh IC 3 : Név him s6 y =x) ign tye tren doan, [ars B] 8 fa),Ab) <0 th tm ta at mo iden ‘Wid. Ching min ing him 3 sha 3e42 x2 1 vire2 foy= wi xe 2 lien tye ti v= 2. ‘Vid. Xt nh Lien tye lia hm $6 Cece aveim Wi Che ih tee ee et Saya: Nu hn 36) it en dg a|nca SD * abit tage va fla) fib) < 0 thi phuong trinh fx) = 0 06 ft nbait : ‘mot nghi¢m nam trong khoaing (a ; 6). Vv. DAO HAM 1 Kh io dao him (Din ghia; Ch Conroe tae a io a = Dang 1: Tah da him cia him 1 ht dao ham). Ve hig thie ~ Bist dink nghia dao him (ai mot diém, tnén mgt khong). Cho hm s6 y = fis) xfe dink ten (a 5 b), Boe (@:b).ayt Ave (a:b) [Néu t6n tai git han (hou han) tim £6040 = FO) wae ham da thie bac 2 hode ble 3 da vio dink ghia = Dang 2 : Lap phuong trinhtigp twyén cia a {he 56 tai moe dim thuge 6 thi st(Chusin kign tite ~ kr nang uding din thye bien chudn ign thie ev bin Dang toan. Vid. Lamu 9 Bil F nella vaU I va Kinh hoe cia dao ham. Vek ning = Tinh dupe dgo him cba ham luy this, him da thie bac 2 hoae 3 theo dinh nga: = Lap dune phuemg tein sep tuyén eta 46 {hj am sO ta mot dm thue 6 thi 6: — Bist tim vn (6 te thi cia moe chuyn dong 06 phuomg tinh S= 0. i an nly Gage goi Th dao ham cha Kam 3 ls) tly gu 1 F) hay YG) fg + An) ~ fy) ‘ar } se = Bm tim £29- £00) ay Eom 2. Quy tie tinh dao him bing din gh Basie 1 Wi Ax 1456 gia cia 46 56 tig, tah Ay= fligt 8) —fso)s Buie 2: Lap iss © ; ar Bude 3: Tinh tim bar * Chi ¥ + tong dink nghia va quy the ten day, thay 4g bOi x ta SE e6 dinh glia va quy tie inh «dao him cia hm $6 y= fla) ta ifm x (ab). 3, Quan he gta tinh Hen tye vi sy €6 dao ham Nu fis) €6 do hm tai th fle) He te ta, [Nhung diu nguoe Iaith cura chic da ding. = Dang 3 : Tim van 66 te thi eta mor chuyén «dong 06 phon tinh $= ft) Vidy. Cho y Vidu. Cho y Védu, Viet phuomg tinh tiép tuyén v6i d6 thi ham 96 y = 27, biet ring. a) Tigp aiden e6 hoanh do 1a 2. by Tiép aim c6 tung do ta 4. He s6 ge eta t’p wyén bang 3. Vi du. Mot chat diém chuyén dong 06 phuomg twink $= 32+ S¢+ 1 ( tin dheo piay,S tinh bing mét) Tinh van t6e cia chat diém d6 ti thai digm = Ls (tinh bing ml) 32Chusin kién thie — Ki nang iudng din thye hign chudn ign thie ea bin Dang toin, Vid. Law § Toe ela go him “(Ihe $6 g6e ci tig tye {ba 6 thi hon $6 y= 0) ta in Mog 340) Ki d6 phuong tinh ip tuyén eta 66 thj ham 56 tai Mola Yo W=F') (=m) 5. ¥ nghia colnge cia dao hm | v= £€) 1a van te tte thi ea chuyén dong tai tn did 7, Cie guy te tink dao hm (Dao Fam ca ‘ng, higu, tch, thuong eba fe him 36 ; ‘Dao him cia hm hp), Ve hig die > Bist quy the tinh dao ham cia tg, hieu, ich, thong ee him 36 ‘nim hop va do hm cia hm hop, Vé AT nang © Tinh duge dao him cia ham, 6 dug cho cde dang ndi ten. 1. Cong te 1 ce uso ads «7 | 2. Phep ton: Vai U, V va. W 1a ce ham 86 66 dao him thi UV Wye UW sy euveu: = Dang bai tp Tinh dao him cia him s6 duge cho & cfc dang : Téng, higu, teh, thuong cia ce him s6 ; him s6 hop (khong qua ba Kin, dang y= fle). Vi dy. Tinh dao him cia y = 438+ 1 Vid. Tinh do him clay = (x2 +2) 33‘Chuan kign tite — ‘Riga thie ev bin ~ Huding din thue bign chun Dang toan. Vi dv. Lamu 7 3. Bao hm cia him hop UU ne N xe); Yel wy Vidu. Tink doo ham cia a y=Gre DUP+ BE +6): 3 ssi} by-|5et EViphin VE hich thie Bist dared Vé ki nang ‘Tinh due ~ Vi phan cia mot ham $6, ~ Gide gin ding cia him 36 tai mot dim, 1. Binh nga Cho him s6 y = fx) née din ten (a:b) va 06 ao hi tai x ea: B) Gi si Ax 186 gia cia x saocho + Ar 6 (#B) Tich f(0).Ax (hay yAr) due goi Ha vi phan cia him 36 fa) tax, mg véi s6 gia x, Kf hieu 1a df hay dy. * Chi §: Vide = Ax chonén ay aap) = foe 2. Ug dung cia i phan vio php tinh gn ding Pog $0) =f) +f) Ae ~ Dang 1 : Tinh vi phan eta moe hm s6 Dang 2 : Tinh gi ti gin ding cia ham 36 ti mot idm, Vid Cho bi $6.f(8) = 2°. Tinh vi phan ea ‘nim 36 ti diém x = 2 dng v6i Ax = 0.01 Vid. Cho. 2? = 341 Tinh dy Vi du. Tinh gn ding gi lia sin 45 34‘Chudin kign thie —Ki nang “Hung din thye hien chuan Kign thie co ban “Dang toan, Vi du. Lamu § Ve bin thc Cong te inn: ee = itd en SE ce = Bist duge dao him iia him 36 luong, side. = Bit van dung tim = 1 trong mot so | zine ia = Tink dude dao im eiia mot 6 him $6 long {i mots gid han dang dom ain = Dang 2 : Tinh dao him eta mot s6 him 36° ung giée cos3x Vid, Tih ti abe Vidu. lin( sea) Védy. Cho y= tan) tinh 0. Vid. Cho y= anisin, tak 2). S. Dao him cap hai, dao ham edp cao @inh neha, eéch tinh, § nga inh hoe va <9 hoe cia dao ham cip hai: Dink mghia ‘dao him cp cao) Ve hig hie Bie dave ~ Dinh nghia, ch tinh, ¥ nga inh hoe ‘aca hoc eta dao him ep ha = Dinh nghia deo him edi cao. 1. Binh nga dgo ham ep Gil si nam $6 f(x) 6 dao ham f). Neuf") cing c6 dao him thi a goi dao ham cia n6 1a dao him cap hui cha Rx) va ki higu 18°C) vor" 2. Y nga ewhoe cia do hm ep hai ao him efp hai 5'0) Rg te ie th ein chuyén dong =f) ti tha idm = Dang 1 him 36, = Dang 2: Tinh gia 16 te th cia mor chuyén ‘dong o6 phuomg tinh s= (cho tase ‘Tiah dao him cp hai cia moe s6 Dang 3 : Tinh dao him cap cao eta mot 56° ham sé. 35‘Chudin kign thie ~ ki nang Hung din thue hién chun ici thie co bin Dang todn. Vid. Luu 7 Ve ning 3. Dinh nghia dao him cp €ao Vide, Cho fs) = io ee : Cho ham 56 f 6 dao ham t6i ctip nm - 1 ( vdi| ®) £78) 5 Deohim pba ciamat Shim 6 a, nfo. Bao ham clip cao cia mot sé ham sé. Gia te te tha lia mot chuyén dong 66 Néu f"~" 1a ham 86 c6 dao ham thi dao ham | eta nd dupe got la dg0 ham csp m cia ham 86S va ki higu laf. Noi ech kha, {Pa[fY], me Nn2 2). ao ham ctip m cia ham s6 y= fix) con duce ki higu ay. Theo dinh nghia ta ob (Preys FC) hoe PO) Ca) a) sme Vi dy. Mot chuyéa dong c6 phuong. tink S=P 440° +5 (ein bang giay ), Tinh gia toe cia chuyén dong tai th die 56ign thie eo bin Dang toan, Vid. Lamu 9 VI. PHEP DOI HINH VA PHEP DON! (G DANG TRONG MAT PHANG 1. Php bitin ink Ve kiki tic: Bigt duce din nghia phép igh hin, V2 Ar mang : Bit mot quy the twomg king Ia phép bign hinh, Dang dace inh ed mot «dim qua php big hinh di cho Dinh nghia Quy tic dit tung ting méi diém M cha mat pling voi me digm xe dinh duy nh a cia mat phing d3 dae go la php bién hind trong, sat ping ‘Ta thing Kf iu phép bign inh 1A Fa viet ‘F(M) = M' hay M’ = F(M), khi 6 diém Mf" doe ‘oi I anh cb did qua php bien inh F- Phép bign hinh bién méi diém cia mat phing {han chinhné dug gol php dng Dé H 1 mot kin mo 6 rong mt png Ki higu 2° = FU) iap ede dig M = FMD, vi roi idm Af thuge H. hi d ta n6i F bin Bah 2H eba0h #7, bay in #7 Tan oa BiH qua Php in hin bin #7 ah ofa ink A qua, dig M uy § Me HeM =F) eff = Dang 1 : Nha bit mot quy the tong img 1a hp bin inh = Dang 2 : Dung anh cia mot diém qua phép Digi hinh 8 eho. Vi dl. Trong mat phing, cho duimg thing d. Voi msi diém M thuge mat phing ta da ewong ing voi diém Mf Ti hinh chig wuong g6e cia dim Mf trén dung thing d (goi la php chia wuang 26). ++ Dumg anh cia dim theo phép chic 46, + Phép chi 466 Ia phép big hinh khong ? 2. Php di xing erue (Binh nia ; Tinh | chit; Truc doi ximg ea mot hin), 7[canine ne-trane Hiuing din thu hign chun ign thie eo bin Dang todn. Vidu. Lam § VE tisn tte Biét duoc ~ Dinh nghia cia phép doi xing tue. = Phép d6i ating trye €6 ede tin chit eta pgp di ind, ‘Truc 46} xing eta mot Minh, Minh 6 trye 64 xia. ~ Bigu thie tog d9 cia phép doi xing qua mi tye toad, Vek nang ~ Dung duge dn cia mot diém, mot doan thing, mot tam gide qua phép 461 xing ~ Viet duge iu thi toa do ea mot dé 146 xing vi dim da cho qua true Ox hoa oy. = Xéc dink duye true doi xting cia mot ink 1. Dio neh “Tiong mat phing cho duing thing d. Pep big ‘ign edi dim M thuge than chinh nd, bien moi did. kong tue «tanh dim AF sao cho d Ik dung trung te cia doan thing Mat cage gota phep di ig qua ding thing ay php dt ed hah 5). Hah Phép d6i xing qua tye d thuimg duge ki higu BD. Nhu vay © ¢ yAMyes Malt ‘Mp li hinh chiga wuong gée cia M tend iyi vi 2. Troe di xing ia m0 inh Duong thing d due goi tre Asi xing ca hin nD, ign thin ehinh m6. Kid #7 huge goi tabi 66 nx 6 ng —Dang 1 = Dung inh cia mor diém qua php 461 nig tre. —Dang 2 : Ding phép abt xiing true dé gid ‘mot $6 bai todn tim tap hop diém, bai todn dung hinh. = Dang 3 : Xée dinh te 46% xing cia mot ti Vidi. Trong mat phing cho dying thing «va tam gide ABC. Dung inh eta tam gife ABC qua phép doi xing tue Vi du. Cho tam gide ABC, €6 trac tam H va dim Hla dé 461 xing via H qua canh BC. Ching mink ring H’ thuge duing tron ngoai 1igp tam gide da cho. Vidw 18) Cho didm MIL 2). Xée dinh toa 49 cia ef HY. Ching minh ring H' thude ung tron ngoai tiép ABC. Vi du. Cho did MCL : 3), xée dinh 108 46 cia diém MF 1 diém d6i xing chia M qua ge toa do. amg Anh cia mot hinh qua phép |(Chusin kién thite — Ki nang Hudng din thye hign chun ‘Riga thie eo bin Dang toan. Vid. Law § 7. Cae tin chat Php di xn tam ‘+ Bio ton Khoting ech gita ha digm bt Ks “Bien mot dveng thiag thanh dong thing song song hode tng véi dug thing d8 cho ; + Bign mot dogn thing thinh doan thing bing oan thing da cho ; + Bign mot tam giée thinh tam giée bing tam sie di cho; ‘Bien mor ding tron thinh dumg tn 6 cane bin kind, Vi du. Cho vi du vé hin ma nd 6 v0 sé ts «doi xing. Vi du. Cho géc nhon xOy vd diém A nim trong géc 6. Hay dng ducing thing d di qua diém A va edt Ox, Os tuong ting tai B va C sao cho A ld trung dié cia BC. Php tinh tien (Bink ghia Tinh chit; Bigu thie 19 40), Ve ign ec Bet ue = Binh nga cin php tin ti, ~ Phép tink tin €6 ede tinh chat ed pep in. ~ BiGu thie toa do ein phép in tia, Vek nang Dung duoe anh cia mot diém, mot doan thing, mot tam gle, mot dutmg «rn qua hp tint, 1 Dinh nha Trong mit ping cho seco. Php big in ici didn hi idm Sa eho HP = 6 dg gia php inh a he vets ¥ tinh 6. > Y Minn = Dang 1 tinh ign, Dung anh cia mot hinh qua phép Dang 2 : Ding phép tinh tién dé gid! mot so ‘ai ton tim udp hop diém, bai tod dung hinh. Vi du. Cho vects #4 6 va ede diém = A, B.C ‘khong thing hing. Dung inh ci tam gie ABC {qua phép tinh tig theo veeta 6(Chun kign thie ~ Ki nang Hudng din thu hign chun Kign thie ev ban Dang toan. Vi du. Li j eu Phép tinh tig theo vecto ¥ thuémg dug ki a Nhu vay 7 (M)= a0 «> Mit = “Nh 36t-+ Phép tinh tit theo veew khong hin ia php ding ne 2. Bu thd to 9 ca php tah tga “rong mat ping to 69 Ory, cho diém M = (x), Vda :b). Goi diém M"= T, (M)= (8). ae f eat y=yee 3. Cie tnh et Phép tinh ign + Bio ton Khodng céch git hai dim bit Kt + Bign mot duing thing thinh dung thing song song hode tring voi dug thing d cho: + Bien mot doqn thing than dogn thing bang ‘oan thing di cho + Bin mot tam ge thinh tam gide bing tam sie di cho: « Big mot ding tron bin kin, utng tron c6 cing Vi du. Cho true dicing tron tam O va hai diém A, B. Didi N chay trén (0). Tim tap hop diém M sao cho AB = NM. Vi dy Cho dim MU; 2). Xe dink toa d9 dim M18 inh cia M qua phép tinh tién theo veets 6:7. Vi du. Cho tam giée ABC, goi M, N, P theo ‘hat 1a trang dim cia cée canh BC, CA, AB. Goi Oy tong ng Ua tam ding tron ‘ngoattep va noi tep tam gide APN. Goi Op tong tng la tim ding tron mgoat tgp vd ‘oi tgp tam side PB. Goi Oy 15 wong tng 1a tim ding trom ngoai tip vd md tép tam side MCN. 4) Xée dink dnh cia 8 ANP qua phép tink tien Tey 1b) Ching mink + A0,0;0; = Ah fl. a(Chun kign thie — Ki nang ‘HHudng dn thye hign chudn Kién thie eo bin Dang todn, Vidu, Lan # 3 Khai nigm vé phap quay Ve kigh oe Bit duge inh nghia eta pagp quay. = Phép quay e6 ede tinh chat cba php dot inh VE kT mang : Dung duge nh cia mot dim, mot doan thing, mot tam gide qua phep quay. 1 Binh aga | Cho digm 0 v8 ge lug gidea. Php bi hin | men © thn chinh 96, bie mb dn A Ke O | uaa dim a sao cho OM = OM va g6e long ide (OM: OMY bing a duoc go php quay tim 0 shea | Bigin 0 aaa gi 18am quay, e due wo quay. Phep quay ttm 0 g6c a thug dupe Ki higu Ta 20.2 hin ‘Phép quay tm O gée quay a= (2k+1) x véi k ‘nguyen, chinh ia phép d6i xmg tam 0. ‘= Phép quay tum O géc quay a= 2k v6i k ‘nguyen, chinh fa phép déng nhs 2. Cetin chat Phep quay ‘+ Bio toan khsing cach git hai digo bat; «Bich mot dung thing thanh duémg thing; ‘Bien mot doan thing thin doan thing bing dan thing da cho: = Dang 1: Dyng anh cia mot hinh qua phép quay. Dang 2 : Sit dung phép quay dé ching minh ‘mot s6 bai todn hin hoc = Dang 3 : Diing phép quay dé gidi mot sé bai {odin tim tip hop diém, bi ton dung hinh. Vidu. Cho ede diém 0, A, B,C trong 46 4, B,C ‘khong thing hang. Dung inh eis tam giée ABC qua phép quay tam O va 8) Goe quay 60° nguge chiéu kim d6ng hs. 'b) Gee quay 90° theo chigu kim déng h6. Vé du. Cho mia duing trim ducing kink AB, dim M chay tren cung AB. Lay BM lam canh ‘dung ra phia ngoai duing trom hink vuong BMCN. Tim tap hop diéi N. Védu. Cho ABC £6 3 g6e nhon. Tim dim M trong tam gide sao cho MA +MB +MC nha nhdt 63Chusin kin thie — Ki nang, Hiudng din thye bien chun Kien thie eo ban Dang todn. Vidu. Lim § ‘ Bign mot tam gide thinh tam giée bing tam sie 48 cho; ‘ Bisn mot dung trdn think mot dudng trdn e6 cing ban kin, ¥ Chi: Gi st phe quay tim Tete a ida dmg thing «thank ding thing 4. Khi ds #NEWO< @ << Fi gb gta vad binge 5 ens Ec mh pe gO da eg 6. Kh nfm vé php di inh va hind ‘bing nhaw VE hia tite Bist dupe ~ Khai nig vé phép 60 hin, ~ Phép tinh tga, doi ximg trv, doi xing tam, phép quay Ta phép di hin = Néu the hign ign tgp hai pep dt ind thi ta duve mot phép di tinh. ~ Phép dai hinh: big ba didm thing hing than ba diém thing hang vb dt gia | ‘cde dm due bio toan; big duimg thing than dmg thing ; bn ta than ta: bin ‘doan thing think doan thing ing n; big tam gi thin tam gide bing n6;bign g6e 1. Binh nia hep doi hin a pep bi inh bio ton Khong céch gia hai ide bat Whi it + Cae phép tinh itn, 46 xing te, di xing tim ‘aphép quay 86 ag ppd hin ‘© Neu thye hign lien tgp hai phép di hind eh | 0) nu v6 hai did M, bit vA nh MN wong tg ba eng ta on 6 MIN = KMN. hn st + Phép i nh fa phép ding dang 6 + Phép vt 156 Ea pgp dng dan 6 + Néa thu ign lien ti hai php dng dang th dluage mgt phép déng dang, 2. Tinh chit Phép dng dang ti sok 2) Bin ba digm thing hing than ba diém thing hing vio tod thirty pia ba digo ay 6 = Dang 1 : Dung anh cia mot finh qua mot hp dng dang = Dang 2: Tim phép déag dang bign hink nay ‘thank inh kia, Dang 3 : Van dung phép ding dang trong ‘ii ton. Vi du. Qua phép d6ng dang, tse tam, rong lum, .. cia tam gide 6 dupe big thanh true ‘am. tong tim. cia tam gide inh khong ? | | V6 de, Biém C chay trén niia dung in| dang Kink AB. Tren tia AC tay diém D(Chun kién thie ~ Ki nang Hung din thue bien chun Kign thie ea ban Dang toan. Vidu. Lam § | 1) Bign moe dang thing thik moe dug thing, bin tia thanh tia, bign dogn thing thanh doan | thing ; ©) Digh mot tau ie tal aa wie 6g dang, ‘Gi tam gide di cho, bign mot g6e thinh ge bing g6e d’ cho: 4) Bien mot ding tron 6 bsin kink tinh ‘dug tn c6 bin kinh AR, 3. Hinh déng dang Hai hinh duge goi 18 déng dang véi nbau ne €6 ‘mot phép d6ng dang bign hinh may chink bin a ‘nam vé phia ngodi ctia nita hinh trin, sao cho | CD=BC. Tim tip hop diém D. VIL. DUONG THANG VA MAT PHA\ NG TRONG KHONG GIAN. QUAN HE SONG SONG T. Dai coma vé dade thdng vd mt phdnig (MG di vé hinh hoe khong gian : Che tink eh thi nhin ; Ba eich xc djnh mat phing ; Hiah eh6p va binh tien) Ve ki dae ~ Biet ec tn chat thira nan. “+ C6 bain digi khong cing thue mot mat phaing, +.€6 mot va chi mot mat phing di qua ba 0, nguge | ing vi nak <0 vA c6.do i big ff | 2) Tinh ena. Vo mei ecto , Bd moi 56 the maniacs st(Chun kin thite— nang Hudng din the hign chun ign thie ev ban Dang toan. Vi dy. Lamu § Dieu Kign dong pling cia ba ves 1) Khai nigm vé si déng phing cla ba vecto ‘ong khong gian Cho ba vects GB, @ déu Kise vecta J trong khong gian. Tir mot diém O bat Kita dmg cée vecta 04 =3, OB = ba OC ‘aa tnvng bop sau 4 Né cie ung thing OA, 0B, OC khong cing ndm trong mét mat phing, ta n6i ba vecto GB, ¢ khong Ag ping 4 NEi ee dung thing O4, Of, OC cing nim trong mot mt ping ti nb ba vets, 3, ¢ ‘déng phing. 2 Binh nia “rong khong gia, ba ves de goi IA ding | Phdngnéu cc gi cia ching cing sng song vot ‘mot mat phing. 3) Bigu kign 4é ba vecto dng phing Dinh I. Trong khong gian cho hai vecto khong ‘cing phuong @ va b va mot vecto ¢. Khi dé, ba vocta a,b, & déng phiing khi va chi Ki e6 duy nat cap 6 thye m,n sao cho Khi d6 xiy cama +nb 2Hiusng din thyc hign chun Chusin kién thie —ki nang, ign thi eg bin Dang toan. Vidu. Law § Phin ah (ia Ta) moe vec theo ba veto hong d6ng ping Dinh 2. Cho Z, B, 2 ta vets khong ding phing. V6i moi vecto x trong khong gian ta dé fim dave dy nht mt bb 36 the m,n ps9 cho =ma tnd +pe Z Hai dudng tg vad go Wee ci phuong cia dudng thing ; Géc gita hai ding thing : Hai duimg thing wong 860). Ve kg hie Bit doe ~ Khai nigm vects chi phuong cia dung thing ~ Khéi nigm géc gida hai duimg thing, ~ Kini nigm va digu ign ha dung thing ‘wong g6e vi na. Ve H ning = Xée dinh duge veto chi phuong cia ‘uing thing ge gids hai dung thing ~ Biet ching minh hai dng thing vudag | 6c wi aha, 1. Tch v0 hing cha ect tong khdng gan 1) Gi gia hai vets (Cho & va FM hai vets trong kbtng gia. Tr mot dim A ba kt dmg AB =i, AC =9. Ki 6 0 poi BAC (0" < BAC = 180°) 1 gc gia hai veto va i ieu (2) Ta06 (i,1) = FAC 2) Tih v hang ich vo hung cia hai veto ii va (Qu Khe vects 8) tong kong. gian 1h mot $6, doe Ke GD wa xe dinh ba ren ren 6 mi 5 howe ¢ uy 53.9 #0. = Dang 1: Tih ich vo hung cia ai vect. Sit ‘dung tch vo hung dé tinh do dai cin doan thing (hose tinh Khodng céch gita hai digm) trong khong gan = Dang 2 : Xée dinh vecta chi phumg cba ‘duimg thing ; Tinh géc git hai dugg thing twong khong gian. —Dang 3 : Ching minh hai dudng thing wong 66 v6 aha, Vid Chota ge ABC gh 99 tinge i a) Tinh AB. BC. coo 3‘Chusin kin thie — “Hudng di thu hien chun Kid thie ov bin Dang toan. Vid. Laru 7 3) Tinh chit Véi ba vecto a, b, © bait ki trong khong gian vi i moi 6 the Ft 06 on @ (tinh chat giao hon) ; (Bi) =i. +8.% (in cht phn pst i vi php cong vet) Mab ea.kb : #(ka), 20; ood 4 Veto chi png ci dng thing «Vets «Bdge poi veto phone cn dutmg thing d néu gid cia vecto w song song. hte tring vl dat thdng Neu ecto @ Th ect ht phone i ding thing dh vst kw #0 cng 8 vet ci pig ca ‘Mot ding thing d trong khong gian hod toin age xe dinh Ki biet mot diém A thube d va mot vecte chi phuemg 4 ciiad. Vi dy. Cho tam gide ABC, tim mot veeto chi huang esa dug thing 8) Cha canh BC. Cha trang tuyén AM. Vi dy, Cho hink lap phuong ABCD. a'BCD. “Xée dinh gée gita ede dutmg thing AB va CD’ Vi du. Cho inh ap phumg ABCD.A'BCD ‘Ching minh ring AB’ vuong gée wi CD: Vidu, Ching minh ring nga b i! ma a wong 6 wi thi a wong B6e Wie Vi du. Cho hinh ta dién ABCD. Ching minh rng : néu ABAC = ACAD BAB tht AB LCD, AC 1. BD.AD 4 BC. a‘Chuan kign thie ~ki nang Hiudng din thue hign chun Kign thie eo ban Dang toan. Vidu. Laru 7 5) Mot s6 tng dung cia tich v6 hudng 3h do dai cia doan thing AB ap [iat = Va ‘* Xe dinh gée gilta hai vector w va ¥ IAG, theo cong thitc : cosa, ¥) ie 2 Ge git hai dung thing Gi gia hai dung thing vt b wong Kong nla ge pita hai dg thing v2 cng di qua mat diém bit ki d6ng thor tums img song song aia va 3. Hai dug thing wong ge + Hai dutmg thing « va b duce 2011 suing gic i maw nx ge gla ching bing 90°. Ta kf higu a Lbhoae b La Néu Va ¥ lin tot 18 céc veto chi phuomg aha dmg hing vB hi 6. ale oi. ‘© Neu w 11 b va.c vung g6e v6; mot trong hai ding thing do thc wuong g6e ¥6i dmg thing on li 8s(Chudn kiga thie -Kinang ‘Hung dan thue hign chun Kién thie eo bin Dang toan. Vid. Luu § E Dicing tid vadng ge vii md phe {Deing thing wong g6e wi mat phing ; Veots phép tuyén cia mat phing ; Phép cigs wuong gée : Dinh Iba dung yong, 6e Goe gia dutmg thing vi mat phn). VE hitinthie Bie duoe — Digh nghia va di6u kign dum ‘thing ‘wuong g6e vi mat phing ~ Khai nigm phep chi wudng ge ~ Khi igo mat phing tung te ea mot doan thing Ve ke nang ~ Bit ech chimg mink : mot dung thing ‘wong g6e wi mat phing : mot duing thing vuong gée véi mot dutng thing = Xée dinh duoe veoto php tuyén eta mot mat phing — Xée dinh duce hinh chit vudng g6c cia _mox digm, mot dud thing, moe tam gid = Bue iu van dyng duoc inh Ii be dmg wong a6. ~ Xi dinh due g6c gia dng thing va mat phing 1. Bung thing vudng gée wi mat phing Ding thing d duge goi fi wong g6e vai me ing (a) nad vad g6e vii mo dung thing nm trong (a) Kh 6 ta bi (a) vung gée vi d vA KS hid 4-1. (@) hose (a) Ld ; mbi vecto chi phuomg cia duimg thing d edn duge goi Hi mot vects ‘php tuyén cia mat phing (a) 2. Bidu kign dé duing thing vuong g6e vi mat phdng [Néi dung thing d wong g6e vi bai dmg thing et shau nim trong mat phing (a) thi d wong gée v6i (a) 3. Tinh cht 1) C6 dy nh moe mat phing i qua mo diém cho trade va vuong ase wi mot dutmg thing cho inv. 2) C6 duy nhs mee dug thing di qua mot diém ho tase a Yong. E66 WO gE ge png cho tnuoe. 4, Lien he gid tinh vudng g6e vt tinh song song cia duimg thing va mat ping tong khong gian = Dang 1: Ching minh + moe dung thing ong ge wi mat phing : mot dudng thing ‘ong 206 vo! mor dong thing ~ Dang 2 :Xée diah vec phép wyén cia mot snat ping : Xéc dh hin cia vOngg6e cia ‘moti, mt dung ting, mo tam side Dang 3 : Van dung dinh iba dug wong. _26c vo gid toin, = Dang 4 : Xée din g6e gita duimg thing va mat ping, = Dang 5 = Cie bai ton van dung mi lin he gita tinh song song va tinh vudng g6e cia ut thing va mat phing, Vi du. Cho hin chop SABCD €6 day 1k Binh binh hah va eéc canh ben bing nhau. Goi O 1 siao cit hai dung chéo cia day. 2) Chung mink ring SO wuong g6e véi (ABCD). 1) Chi ra mot vecta php tuyén cba mat phiing (ABCD), 86(Chuan kign thie ki nang T iang dn the ign chin Kia thie eo bin Dang toan. Vidu. Lam § — Bide xEt m6 Hen be gia tn song song. va tinh vuong g6e eta dung thing va mat phing, i) Cho hat dig tng song song Mat ping ino vusag gée wi tuing thing miy tht cing ‘ong a6e vi dung thing ka 2) Hai ding thing phtn bit cing wine fe ‘oi mot mat ping th song song voi nha 3) Cho hai mat phing song song. Pug thing ho wong gée vi mat ping my ti cng Vion, 6 vi at ping ka, 4) Hai mat phing phn bigt cong vudng aée vi ‘mot dng thing hi song song Wi nha 5) Cho ding thing a va mat phing (a) song Gi nhau. During thing ndo wong gée v6 (a) th cing vudng g6e wi 6, Nés mot ding thing vA mot mat phing ‘hong chia dutme thing 46) cing wong. g6° ‘i mot dng thing kh thi ching song song ‘i aha 5. Phép chitu wong g6e va dinh I ba dving wuong g6e 1) Binh nga. Cho duomg thing d vudng g6e v6i rat phing(a). Phép chiéu song song. theo phaomg d Ten mat phing (a) duce goi 18 phép chi vuang gc Ten mat phdng(a) 2) Dinh iba dung wong g6e (ho dng thing « nm trong mat ping (a) va 1a dung thing Khong thude (a) dng ti Vidi. Qua phép chigu vung gi hai gée bing nha 6 bing nbtu khong? Vid. Cho hinh chop S-ABC; €6 SA vuong goo i diy vA dy 1a tam giée vudng ta B. 4) Ching minh ring SB vuong g6e v6i CB. 'b) Xie dinh g6e gia SB va (ABC), ©) Xée dinh hinh chigu wong gée cia C wen (SAB) Vi du. Cho hinh ti diem OABC ¢6 OA, OB, OC doi mot vuong g6c v6i nhaw. Chiing minh ring Hla hink chiéu rudng géc cia O tren (ABO) thi H fa trac tam tam gic ABC. V6 du. Cho tie didn ABCD, xéc dink diém 0 £40 cho OA = OB =OC =OD. 87[ (Chun kid thie ~ ki nang Hiudng dn thue bign chun ~ Kia thie eo ban Dang toan. Vid. Law § TRhong wibng ge vai (a). Goi bi hinh chi | wong g6e eta b len(a). Khi dé a wong B6e wi Db khi vehi kh a vuong goo vi 8 3) Goe git dmg thing va mat phiing (Cho during thing d va mat phiing (a). Ta 66 din ghia ‘© Néu duimg thing f vuong g6e vi mat phing (a) thi ta ni ring gée gida dutmg thing d va smat phing (2) bing 90° ‘+ Néu dung thing « khong vwuong g6e wi mat phing (a) thi géc pita dvi hinh chigu cia n6 tren (4) doe goi la gée gia ducing thang d va smat phing(a) * Liat § + $6 do (bing 49) cia géc git duimg thing va mat phing [a mot 3 khéag am vi Khong vugt qua 90° |¥- Fiat mat phd wud ee (G6 gia at mat ping + Hai mat phing wong g6e + Hint lang wy dng : Hin hop ch shat: inh lap phuong + Hah ehép déu va hin chip ct dé, Veiga Bit duce 1. Goe gia hai mat phing Gib gia tai met pling a ge gia hai ving thing in et vuong goc vor har mat ping do Néu hai mat phing song song hose tring nha thi ta n6i ring g6c gita hai mat phing dé bing 0" ~ Dang 1 ; Xée dfnh g6e gitta hai mat phing. = Dang 2: Ching minh hai mat ping wong a6 = Dong 3 : Vin dg vn chit cia ing ty dmg, hind hop hin chop dé, chop cut de rt 0 bai od, 88Chuan kia thie ~ “Hudng dan thue hien chudn Kiga thie co bin Dang toan. Vi i. Lau § IR ning gia a mit png ~ Kini nem v8 digo kit bai mat ping wong soe ~ Tin chit inh fang tre dng, Lang ent 46o, hinh op cng, inh hop chi nhs, tin lap phe. ~ Kisii nigm hn chip déw vi chip cut es VER nang ~ Xie dinh due ge ita hat mat ping ~ Bist ching minh hai mat ping wong 866 | = Vee dang dg tinh chit cia lng tro | amg, bik hop, inh chp dé, chop cut | déu vo gi mor 6 bi tp, ‘= Xie dinh a6 gia hai mat png eft ahaw ho hai mat pang (a) va (Peat nhaw theo ao myn Tr dif Ta Attn ta dime dung thing « trong (a) wang g6¢ wi © vA ‘ding ding thing b trong () wong g6e v6 Khi 5 g6e gids (a) va (f) 1 g6e gia hai dung thing 4 vb + Dign ich hinh chi eva da gide S'=S.cosp (ri $ la dign tch da gide mdm trong(a), S'la ign tch hink chit vudng goc cia da gid dé tren(), @ la gb gita (a) ¥a()). 2. Hai mat ping wong g6e 1) Binh aghia Hai mat phing (a) v& (B) duce go A wuong p6e ‘Gi nhau néu g6e gia hai mat phng d6 18 mot 26 wong. Ki d6 ta nigu (a) 4 (P) hose (A) 1 (a) 2) Tin chat 8) Digu kien edn v8 di d& hai mat phing vuong se v6i naw Ta mat ping nay cha mot dung thing vuong 6c vi mt phing kia b) Néu hai mat phing wong g6e vi nha thi bit citing théng nio nim tong mat phing nly va Vi du. Cho binh chop S ABCD e6 SA wong g6e Gi diy va iy 1a inh chant 4) Xée dink g6c gita mat phing (SCB) va (abc), ') Chung mint : (SAB) (SAD), Vidy, Cho bigt menh d& nao sau day 1a dung ++ inh hop tang tru ding | + inh hop cha nar Ba tang ry ding = 4 Ling tu ands hop; ++ C6 ling tre khong fa hinh hop. Vidu. Hanh chop SABC 6 day Ta tam ge du vi ce can ben bing nha 66 Ia hinh chép du khong ? Vi sao ? Vid Hinh chip cut tam gige e6 hai dy 1 tam side déu c6 phi 1 hinh chop cut u khong ? Vé du. Cho tam gidée ABC va mat phing (P). Biet go gita (P) va (ABC) lag. Hink chigu | (wong 6c) ctia tam gide ABC trén (P) ta tam | 89‘Chudn kign thie ~ i nang “Hudng dn thye hien chudn ign thie eg bin Dang todn. Vi du. Lim ¥ aig G5 VE i oy wg Be Vm hing ki 6) Cho hai mt ping (2) va (P) vaon 6 wi hau. Néu tir mot diém thude mat phing (a) ta ‘dug mot duimg thing vuong gée vi mat phing, (B) thi dung thing nay nim tong mat phing (a). €) Nea hai mat png eft hau va cdng wong fe wh mnt png th git toy cba cng fhe gto vo nk pg 3 3 Hin ling tru ng, hin hop ch sha, ah lap phone inh ang tr dng Rn ig ty oe can ben wong gw ee may inh hp cht 1 i lng ting 06 Think ci Hin tip pag a in Ying ry ng 6 By hn vag ache mit bende inh wong 4. inh chp a vt hin chp ct da Hinh chip déu 1B eb 66 O61 mot dn fc ua chin cin ng cao tg vm in da gid dy. Prin cia tinh chip dév nim gta dy va gt Ie in song song tay eto ec ten ela hn chp du tg gl Bi chp ext Hai dy ca hn chp cu tb da gifted, dong dang voi nhaw, ‘pide A'B'C. Gol S va S* theo thit tw la dién tich cia ede tam gide ABC va A' BC’. Ching inh easy.(Chusin kiga thie — nang Hludng dn thye hien chudn ‘Riga thie ea bin Dang toan. Vidy. Law § 5. Khodng ede (Rhokong cach tide dia den mot ding thing, dn mot mat ping: Khosng eich gia hai duimg thing chéo nihaw : Khosng céch gia dvmg thing va mat piling ; Khoing céch gids hat mat pang). Ve hci tie — Ki nang Bit va xe inh due ~ Khoing céch tr mot diém den mot dung, thing = Khodng céch tir mot digm dé mot mat phing. = Khoiing ech gia hai dum thing, ~ Khoing céch gita dung thing vi mat png song song. ~ Khoing eich gita hai mat phing song song, — Duime vudeg gée chung. cis hai ding thing chéo uhav ~ Khong céch gita hai dutmg thing chéo shaw 1. Din ng 1) Cho mot dim O va duing thing « khong di ‘qua 0. Trong mat phing xéc dinh boi digm O va ‘dying thing a goi H 1a kinh chigu cba dim O trém a. Ki db, Khoing céch gita hai diém O va H du go Ia khong céch tr diém 0 dén ding thing a Kihigu d(O, a) hue vay (0, a) = OF 2) Khoing cach ti mat diém 0 dén mat phing (@) Ia khong eich gia hai diém O va H, v6i 11a bah chia vuong g6e cia O tren(a), ki higw ta 40 2), Ne vdy 0,(a)) = OF 3) Khoing cfch gia dung thing a va mat ping (2) song song via 18 khong ech tt ‘moe diém bat Ki dhe « ti mat ping (a), Ki tiga ta ata,(a)) Nhu viy da, (0) = OH, trong dé 0 thuge a con H 1a hinh chi cia didn O ten (2). ~ Dang bai ap : Tih 4 Khoting cfch 1 mot diém dé mot dung thing ; «# Khoing céch gita hai dung thing ; * Khoiing eich gita dung thing va mat phing song song véin6 *# Khodng cach gida hai mat phiing song song : ‘* Duong vuong gée chung cia hai dutng thing eho nha; + Khoding ch gia hai dung thing ehéo nas Vid. Cho bin tp phuong ABCD. ABCD. + Xie dn khong cich gta dim A vi dung thing BC + Xée inh Khoing cich gta diém A va mit ping (CDDC. 9(Chusin ign thie — ‘Huong dan thye hign chudn Kin the eo bin Dang tofn, Vidv. Law @ Kioing Cich git bai mat phing song song (a) va(B), Ki higu d( (a) .(P)), Bu khoding esc ‘ir mot didi bat 4 cia mat phing miy dén mat phing kia da (BY 4M (P)) i Me (a) (a) ()) = dN (a) vi Ne) Nhut vay d((a), (P)) = MH, trong d6-M thupe (a) cin H li hin chica din M erén (8) 5) Khoding céch gta hai duimg thing ehéo nhau 1a do dai cia doan wong g6¢ chung cia hai ‘duomg thing 46. + Xie Gah Khong cich gta dutng thing AAT va dug thing CC + Xie dinh khong eich gia dung thing AD a malt phing (BCC), + Xie inh khodng eich gita mat phing (ABBA) va mat phing (COD). + Xie dinh khoing céch gida dving thing AB va duimg thing CC. * Lia 1) Tinh Khodng ech €6 thé dp dung tue tgp in nghia hoae tinh gin tigp, Ching han, ¢6 {hE tinh duoe dung cao cia met tam gide (hoiing cic tr dinh ti diy) nu bet dign ich va s6 do 40 dai canh day cia tam gide 66. 2) Phi xée dinh duve ede yéu 16 cén 06 48 tin ‘khodng cdch trade khi the hign vig tah ton, 2TO CHUC THUC HIEN 1- YEU CAU CHUNG \Vige thye hign chudn kin thc, Ki nang cia chuong tinh giéo dye piué thong mon Tosi edn theo quan diém co ban :sétthue, trac quan, ‘ding chun va a6t mot, skrraye it vi noi dung chuain, vi thye t€ doi tung va diéu kien sing day, véi tht Iueng cho phép ; bin soan di dang cc bai uyen {ap tuong dung véi céc vi dy neu trong chuén nhim gidp he sinh ‘én luyen Ki nang gid ton dat chusin va phan hos theo mie do yeu cy ofa chuong tinh chain va chuong trinh ning cao. Thyc hin cchuomg tein ty chon cia bo mon theo hung giip hoe sinh dat chudn 16 bon, = Chi trong cde vi dy vit bai ton ¢6 ngi dung thwe tign doi song ‘va gin v6i cde mon hoe Khée (lim cho hoe sind thy 10 Tosn hoe gin vi euge sng va lam quen véi vige p dung tri thie Ton hoe dé Bid cfc bai tosn thue 16, cae bai toin eta mon hoe Vat If, Hot hoe, Sinh hoe, ..) TRYC QUAN = Tiép cén chain bang phung php rye quan nhim gin tah han lim, gidm eéc noi dung ning né, don gin hos nhime vin dé ph tap ‘hung khang Hirt i hh xe vb sy Ih a hue a ~ Day vi hoc kid thc ki nang theo chusin trén eo sir dn dt tig Dude, qua nhimg vi dy mo 18 KhSi nigm mot ech 18 rang, tinh Sp dat ‘hiw ty nie, cy UNG CHUAN = Bim bio diing kigh thie, ki nang, mic d& phic tap eta dang ‘in minh hoa, nbn lu ¥ neu tong chufin ~ "Trude hist lim bo dat chutin hod va phan hos theo mc d® yeu fu cia chuomg tinh chudn va chuomg tink nding eao ; han eh cée vi ‘dy va bai tap phe tap, dt i Ki thutt va mgo mye, noi dung Kho cig tig ty nen ki tp thu, gm bet s6luemg cong thie cin nh, Dim bio sw gon, chat ché va he thong kién thie, KI nang ma chuain neu, bOI MOL ‘Theo chi dao day va hoe cia B GD&DT : Déi mai kiém tra danh {theo chun, di m6i cong cu kiém tra dnh i, di moi thoi Iuamg, «461 mai thi tr thye hign kin thie Ki nang chudn neu, 461 méi phon tign day hoc dé déi méi phuomg phép day hoc, ting cummg tinh chi, {ong cia hoe sinh trong gir hoc, gi hoc sinh tic ewe, bing thi hoc ‘ap, Tim (sing tao nh céch dun noi dung hoc tap mot céch nhe hing, dé higu, ty nhién mi vin chinh xée. Cin da dang hod céc host dong thue hien chun (On lai kn dhe, gid thigu kien thi mdi, hoe tude & nha, lim tai lép, chia theo dé ti, the hién e& han hay nhém ‘nh, ép dung ngay kién thie via hoe, ctu hdi tric nghiem Khich quan, sir dung may tinh cm tay dé gi ton.) I- HUONG DAN THYC HIEN ‘VOIHOC SINK ~ V6i hoe sinh dai 1 cia moi ving miéa, noi dung dupe neu trong van bin nay 1a not dung hoc tap bat bude phi da, khong han ‘he noi dung hoe tp véi hg sinh c6 nhu cu hoe tap nang cao,= V6i nhimg hoe sinh e6 nhu cfu hoc tp mé rong, nang cao hove 46; wong hoe sinh Kha, gid, c6 thé tham khdo Chuong tinh Nang cao hose Chuong trinh Choyén ia BO GD&DT ban han ; 06 thé tham Kio trong sich gio khoa hose sich bai ap, sich tham Kho noi dung ‘ehuyen ma aha trudng tuyén chon hoac €6 thé ty hee theo nang Ive in than = 6 ving thuan lg, hye sinh cin dave tang cudmg chit luomg hoc tap qua vie tcp can ede nguén thong tin, cde phuung tien cou she «dé cing c6, mi rong, nang cao kin thi ~ Chusin ka thi, ki nang cia Chuong tink Trung hoc phé thong mon Tain gi céc em hoc sinh ty bec ty kigm ta ka thie, ki nang theo ede yeu efu co bin, 161 thiéu cia kim thie, Ki mang mon Tosa ma, hoe sinh cn phi co va phi dat duge qua hoe tap, Hoe sin tu hoc, tr idm tra theo chun kien thc, Kinng qua hoc, kidm tra ee ki nem 9 bin, céc ki nang eg bin, c4e cong thie cin nhd, céc phuong php sili, cde dang tos, vf du minh hog... twong ting vei ede chi d& cia cchuong tinh ; tg nghién ng noi dung hoc tap theo mot yeu cfu, ‘hong céch rieng va voi t6e do phi hap. Tirhoe Khong ning gip hoe sinh ty than nim noi dung hoe mot céch chic chin va bén vim, xc

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