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y=k²x Problem 5

PROBLEM 1 z = x2 + y2 The sum of two positive numbers is 2. Find

the smallest value possible for the sum of
What number exceeds its square by the z = x2 + (k ² x)2 the cube of one number and the square
maximum amount? of the other.
dz/dx = 2x + 2(k - x)(-1) = 0
Solution: Solution 5
2x ² k = 0
Let Let x and y = the numbers
x=½k
x = the number and x+y=2 Equation (1)

x2 = the square of the number 1 + y· = 0

y=k-½k
y = the difference between x and x2 y· = ²1
y=½k
z = x3 + y2 Equation (2)

y = x ² x2 dz/dx = 3x2 + 2y y· = 0
z = (½ k)2 + (½ k)2
y' = 1 ² 2x = 0 3x2 + 2y(²1) = 0
z = ½ k2
x = ½ answer y = (3/2) x2
Problem 4
From Equation (1)
The sum of two numbers is k. Find the
Problem 2 minimum value of the sum of their cubes. x + (3/2) x2 = 2

What positive number added to its Solution: 2x + 3x2 = 4

reciprocal gives the minimum sum?
Let 3x2 + 2x ² 4 = 0
Solution:
x and y = the numbers x = 0.8685 & ²1.5352
Let
z = sum of their cubes use x = 0.8685
x = the required positive number and
k=x+y
1/x = the reciprocal of the number
y=k²x y = (3/2)(0.8685)2
y = sum of x and 1/x
y = 1.1315
y = x + 1/x
z = x3 + y3
y = x + x-1
z = x3 + (k ² x)3 z = 0.86853 + 1.13152
y' = 1 - x-2 = 0
dz/dx = 3x2 + 3(k - x)2(-1) = 0 z = 1.9354 answer
x = 1 answer
x2 ² (k2 ² 2kx + x2) = 0 Problem 6

x=½k Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the

Problem 3 product of one to the square of the other
y=k-½k is to be a minimum.
The sum of two numbers is k. Find the
minimum value of the sum of their y=½k Solution:
squares.
Let x and y = the numbers
Solution:
z = (½ k)3 + (½ k)3 x+y=a
Let
z = ¼ k3 x=a²y
x and y = the numbers

z = sum of their squares

z = xy2
k=x+y

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z = (a ² y) y2 1 + y· = 0 Problem 10

z = ay2 ² y3 y = ²1 A rectangular field of given area is to be

fenced off along the bank of a river. If no
dz/dy = 2ay ² 3y2 = 0 fence is needed along the river, what is
the shape of the rectangle requiring the
y = 2/3 a z = x2 y3 least amount of fencing?

dz/dx = x2 (3y2 y·) + 2xy3 = 0

x = a ² 2/3 a 3x(²1) + 2y = 0

x = 1/3 a x = 2/3 y Solution:

The numbers are 1/3 a, and 2/3 a. answer Area:

Problem 7 2/3 y + y = a A=xy

Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the 5/3 y = a 0=xy·+y

product of one by the cube of the other is
to be a maximum. y = 3/5 a y·=²yx

Solution:

Let x and y the numbers x = 2/3 (3/5 a)

x+y=a x = 2/5 a Perimeter:

x=a²y The numbers are 2/5 a and 3/5 a. answer P=x+2y

Problem 9 dPdx=1+2y·=0

z = xy3 What should be the shape of a 1+2(²yx)=0

rectangular field of a given area, if it is to
z = (a ² y) y3 be enclosed by the least amount of y=21x
fencing?
z = ay3 ² y4 width = ½ × length answer
Solution:
dz/dy = 3ay2 ² 4y3 = 0 Problem 11
Area:
y2 (3a ² 4y) = 0 A rectangular lot is to be fenced off along
A=xy a highway. If the fence on the highway
y = 0 (absurd) and 3/4 a (use) costs m dollars per yard, on the other
0=xy·+y sides n dollars per yard, find the area of
the largest lot that can be fenced off for k
y·=²yx dollars.
x = a - 3/4 a
Solution:
x = 1/4 a
Total cost:

Perimeter: k=mx+n(2y+x)
The numbers are 1/4 a and 3/4 a. answer
P=2x+2y k=mx+2ny+nx
Problem 8
dPdx=2+2y·=0 k²(m+n)x=2ny
Find two numbers whose sum is a, if the
product of the square of one by the cube 1+(²yx)=0 y=k2nï2nm+nx
of the other is to be a maximum.
y=x (a square) answer Area:
Solution:
A=xy
Let x and y the numbers

A=xk2nï2nm+nx
x+y=a

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y·=²yx

A=k2nxï2nm+nx2 Fence:

dxdA=k2nïnm+nx=0 P=2x+6y

k2n=nm+nx dPdx=2+6y·=0

x=k2(m+n) 2+6(²yx)=0
Solution:
y=k2nï2nm+nk2(m+n) y=31x
V=(9²2x)2x
y=k4n width =31 length answer
V=81x²36x2+4x3
A=k2(m+n)k4n Problem 14
dxdV=81²72x+12x2=0
A=k28n(m+n) yard2 answer A rectangular lot is bounded at the back
by a river. No fence is needed along the 4x2²24x+27=0
Problem 12 river and there is to be 24-ft opening in
front. If the fence along the front costs
A rectangular field of fixed area is to be $1.50 per foot, along the sides $1 per foot,
enclosed and divided into three lots by find the dimensions of the largest lot using quadratic formula
parallels to one of the sides. What should which can be thus fenced in for $300.
be the relative dimensions of the field to a=4;b=²24;c=27
make the amount of fencing minimum?
x=2aïbb2ï4ac
Solution
x=2(4)ï(ï24)(ï24)2ï4(4)(27)
Solution Total cost:
x=82412
Area: 300=2y+15(x²24)
x=45 and 15
A=xy y=168²075x
use x = 1.5 inches
0=xy·+y
Maximum volume:
y·=²yx
V=[9²2(15)]2(15)
Area:
V=54 in2 answer
Fence: A=xy
Problem 16
P=2x+4y A=x(168²075x)
Find the volume of the largest box that
dPdx=2+4y·=0 A=168x²075x2 can be made by cutting equal squares
out of the corners of a piece of
2+4(²yx)=0 cardboard of dimensions 15 inches by 24
inches, and then turning up the sides.
y=21x dxdA=168²15x=0

x=112ft

width = ½ × length answer y=168²075(112)

Problem 13 y=84ft

Do Ex. 12 with the words ´three lotsµ Dimensions: 84 ft × 112 ft answer

replaced by ´five lotsµ.
Problem 15 Solution:
Solution
A box is to be made of a piece of V=(24²2x)(15²2x)x
Area: cardboard 9 inches square by cutting
equal squares out of the corners and V=360x²78x2+4x3
A=xy turning up the sides. Find the volume of
the largest box that can be made in this dxdV=360²156x+12x2=0
0=xy·+y way.
x2²13x+30=0

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(x²10)(x²3)=0 x=b ok

x=10 (meaningless) and 3

Vmax=[24ï2(3)][15²2(3)]3

Vmax=486 in3 answer Use x=a+bïa2ïab+b2 answer

Problem 17 Problem 18

Find the depth of the largest box that can

be made by cutting equal squares of side
x out of the corners of a piece of
cardboard of dimensions 6a, 6b, (b ” a),
and then turning up the sides. To select
that value of x which yields a maximum
volume, show that
(a+b+a2ïab+b2)3b
The strength of a rectangular beam is
Solution:
proportional to the breadth and the
square of the depth. Find the shape of
Diameter is given (log of given size), thus
the largest beam that can be cut from a
D is constant
log of given size.
b2+d2=D2
2bdddb+2d=0

dddb=ïbd

Stiffness:

k=bd3
Solution:
dddk=b(3d2)+d3dddb=0
V=(6a²2x)(6b²2x)x
Solution:
3bd2+d3ïbd=0
V=36abx²12(a+b)x2+4x3
Diameter is given (log of given size), thus
D is constant 3bd2=bd4
dVdx=36ab²24(a+b)x+12x2=0
b2+d2=D2 3b2=d2
x2²2(a+b)x+3ab=0
2bdddb+2d=0 d=3b
A=1;B=²2(a+b);C=3ab
dddb=ïbd depth =3 breadth answer
x=2AïBB2ï4AC
Strength: Problem 20
x=2(1)2(a+b)4(a+b)2ï4(1)(3ab)
S=bd2 Compare for strength and stiffness both
x=22(a+b)2(a2+2ab+b2)ï3ab
edgewise and sidewise thrust, two beams
dddS=b(2d)+d2dddb=0 of equal length, 2 inches by 8 inches and
x=(a+b)+a2ïab+b2 and
the other 4 inches by 6 inches (See
2bd+d2ïbd=0 Problem 18 and Problem 19 above).
x=(a+b)ïa2ïab+b2
Which shape is more often used for floor
2bd=bd3 joist? Why?

2b2=d2
If a = b:
d=2b
From
depth =2 breadth answer
x=(a+b)+a2ïab+b2
Problem 19
x=(b+b)+b2ïb2+b2
The stiffness of a rectangular beam is
x=3b (x is equal to ½ of 6b - meaningless)
proportional to the breadth and the cube
of the depth. Find the shape of the stiffest
From
beam that can be cut from a log of given
size.
x=(a+b)ïa2ïab+b2

x=(b+b)ïb2ïb2+b2

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Solution: Perimeter

Strength, S = bd2 P=2x+2y

Stiffness, k = bd3 dPdx=2+2y·=0

For 2" × 8": 2+2(²xy)=0

Oriented such that the breadth is 2" y=x Solution:

S = 8(22) = 32 in3 The largest rectangle is a square answer Given Volume:

k = 8(23) = 64 in4 See also the solution using trigonometric V=x(3x)yV=3x2y

function.
Oriented such that the breadth is 8" 0=3x2y·+6xy
Problem 22
S = 2(82) = 128 in3 y·=²2yx
If the hypotenuse of the right triangle is
k = 2(83) = 1024 in4 given, show that the area is maximum
when the triangle is isosceles.
Total Area:

For 4" × 6": AT=2(3x2)+2(3xy)+2(xy)

Oriented such that the breadth is 6" AT=6x2+8xy

S = 6(42) = 96 in3 dATdx=12x+8(xy·+y)=0

k = 6(43) = 384 in4 Solution: 12x+8[x(²2yx)+y]=0

Oriented such that the breadth is 4" x2+y2=c2 12x+8[²2y+y]=0

S = 4(62) = 144 in3 2x+2yy·=0 12x=8y

k = 4(63) = 864 in4 y·=²xy y=23x

Strength wise and stiffness wise, 4" × 6" is Area: altitude = 3/2 × shorter side of base
more preferable. Economic wise, 2" × 8" is answer
more preferable. A=21xy
Problem 24
Problem 21 dAdb=21[xy·+y]=0
Solve Problem 23 if the box has an open
Find the rectangle of maximum perimeter xy·+y=0 top.
inscribed in a given circle.
x(²xy)+y=0

y=x2y

y2=x2

y=x
Solution:
The triangle is an isosceles right triangle
Given Volume:
answer
Solution:
V=x(3x)y
Problem 23
Diameter D is constant (circle is given)
V=3x2y
Find the most economical proportions for
x2+y2=D2 a covered box of fixed volume whose
0=3x2y·+6xy
base is a rectangle with one side three
2x+2yy·=0 times as long as the other.
y·=²2yx
y·=²xy
Area:

A=3x2+2(3xy)+2(xy)

A=3x2+8xy

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dAdx=6x+8(xy·+y)=0 Solution: x=2y

6x+8[x(²2yx)+y]=0 Volume: side of base = 2 × altitude answer

6x+8[²2y+y]=0 V=41d2h Problem 28

6x=8y 0=41d2dddh+2dh The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is P

inches. Find the maximum area.
y=43x dddh=ïd2h

altitude = 3/4 × shorter side of base Area (open one end):

answer
A=41d2+dh
Problem 25
dddA=21d+ddddh+h=0
Find the most economical proportions of
a quart can. 21d+ddddh+h=0
Solution:
21d+dïd2h+h=0
Perimeter:
21d=h
P=2y+x
But ½ d = radius, r
0=2y·+1
r=h
y·=²12=²05
radius = height answer
Area:
Solution:
Problem 27
A=21xh
Volume:
Find the most economical proportions for
a box with an open top and a square From the figure:
V=41d2h= 1 quart
base.
h=y2ï025x2
41d2dddh+2dh=0
A=21xy2ï025x2
dddh=ïd2h
dxdA=21x2yyï05x2y2ï025x2+y2ï025x2=0
Total area (closed both ends):
2y2ï025x22(xyyï025x2)+y2ï025x2=0
AT=2(41d2)+dh
multiply both sides of the equation by
AT=21d2+dh
y2ï025x2
dddAT=d+ddddh+h=0
Solution: xyy²025x2+y2²025x2=0
dddddh+h=0
Volume: xy(²05)²05x2+y2=0
d+dïd2h+h=0
V=x2y y2²05xy²05x2=0
d=h
0=x2y·+2xy 2y2²xy²x2=0
diameter = height answer
y·=²2yx Solving for y by quadratic formula:
Problem 26
Area: a = 2; b = ²x; c = ²x2
Find the most economical proportions for
A=x2+4xy y=2aïbb2ï4ac
a cylindrical cup.

dAdx=2x+4(xy·+y)=0 y=2(2)ï(ïx)x2ï4(2)(ïx2)

2x+4[x(²2yx)+y]=0 y=4xx2+8x2

2x²8y+4y=0 y=4x3x

2x=4y y=x and ï21x

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For 2x = 0; x = 0 (meaningless) Problem 31

y = -½ x is absurd, thus use y = x For a - 6x = 0; x = 1/6 a In Problem 30 above, find the shape of
the circular cylinder if its convex surface
Therefore y=aï4(61a) area is to be a maximum.

P=2x+x=3x y=31a

x=y=31P Vmax=(31a)2(31a)

h=y2ï025x2 Vmax=1108a3 in3 answer

h=(31P)2ï41(31P)2
Solution:
h=91P2ï136P2 Problem 30
Convex surface area (shaded area):
h=112P2 Find the proportion of the circular cylinder
of largest volume that can be inscribed in
a given sphere. A=dh
h=123P
dddA=ddddh+h=0
A=21xh
ddddh+h=0
Amax=21(31P)(123P)
From Solution to Problem 30 above,
Amax=1123P2
dh/dd = -d/h
Amax=112333P2
dïdddh+h=0
[math]Amax=363P2 answer
h=hd2
Problem 29
Solution: h2=d2
The sum of the length and girth of a
From the figure: d=h
container of square cross section is a
inches. Find the maximum volume.
D2=d2+h2 diameter = height answer

Problem 32

0=2d+2hdddh Find the dimension of the largest

rectangular building that can be placed
on a right-triangular lot, facing one of the
perpendicular sides.
dddh=ïhd

Volume of cylinder:

Solution: V=41d2h

a=4x+y dhdV=4d2dddh+2dh=0

y=a²4x ddddh+2h=0
Solution:
Volume dïhd+2h=0
Area:
V=x2y 2h=hd2
A=xy
V=x2(a²4x) d2=2h2
From the figure:
V=ax2²4x3 d=2h
yaïx=ab
dVdx=2ax²12x2=0 diameter =2 height answer
y=ab(aïx)
2x(a²6x)=0

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A=xab(aïx) x=24 feet dxdA=aba2+b2abï2xa2+b2=0

A=bxïabx2 y=100²1225(24) 2xa2+b2=ab

dxdA=bïa2bx=0 y=50 feet x=ab2a2+b2

a2bx=b dimensions: 50 ft × 24 ft answer

x=21a Problem 34 y=aba2+b2abïab2a2+b2a2+b2

y=ab(aï21a) Solve Problem 34 above if the lengths of y=aba2+b2abï2ab

the perpendicular sides are a, b.
y=21b y=aba2+b22ab

dimensions: ½ a × ½b answer y=2a2+b2

Problem 33

A lot has the form of a right triangle, with Dimensions:

perpendicular sides 60 and 80 feet long.
Find the length and width of the largest ab2a2+b22a2+b2 answer
rectangular building that can be erected,
facing the hypotenuse of the triangle. Problem 35

A page is to contain 24 sq. in. of print. The

Solution: margins at top and bottom are 1.5 in., at
the sides 1 in. Find the most economical
Area: dimensions of the page.

A=xy

By similar triangle:

cot=rx=ab

r=abx
Solution:

Area:
cot=sx=ba
A=xy Solution:
s=bax
By similar triangle: Print Area:

cot=rx=8060 (x²2)(y²3)=24
r+y+s=a2+b2
r=43x y=24xï2+3
abx+y+bax=a2+b2
cot=sx=6080
y+aba2+b2x=a2+b2
s=34x Page area:
y=a2+b2ïaba2+b2x
r+y+s=100 A=xy
y=ababa2+b2ï(a2+b2)x
43x+y+34x=100 A=x24xï2+3
y=aba2+b2abïxa2+b2
y=100ï1225x A=24xxï2+3x

Thus, dxdA=(xï2)2(xï2)24ï24x(1)+3=0

A=x(100ï1225x) ï48(xï2)2+3=0
Thus,
A=100xï1225x2 ²48+3(x²2)2=0
A=xaba2+b2abïxa2+b2
dxdA=100ï1250x x=483+2
A=aba2+b2abxïx2a2+b2
x=100(5012 x=6 in

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Volume:

dbdA=82(ï4)b+bdbdh+h=0 V=r2h

y=246ï2+3 41bïbï41b+h=0 0=r2drdh+2rh

y=9 in h=b drdh=ïr22rh

breadth = height answer drdh=ïr2h

dimensions: 6 in × 9 in answer Problem 37 Let

Problem 36
A Norman window consists of a rectangle
surmounted by a semicircle. What shape
gives the most light for the given
perimeter?
Solve Problem 36 above if the semicircle is
stained glass admitting only half the
normal amount of light.
Solution:
From Solution of Problem 36
m = price per unit area of glass
½ m = price per unit area of plastic
k = total material cost per jar

dbdh=ï41 k=m(2rh+r2)+21m(r2)

r=21b k=2mrh+23mr2

drdk=2mrdrdh+h+3mr=0

Half amount of light is equivalent to half 2rdrdh+h+3r=0

of the area.
2rïr2h+h+3r=0
A=41r2+b(h²r)
Solution: 2h=3r
A=41(21b)2+b(h²21b)
Given perimeter: h=23r
A=116b2+bh²21b2
P=b+2(h²r)+r height = 3/2 × radius of base
A=116(ï8)b2+bh answer
P=b+2h²2r+r
dbdA=216(ï8)b+bdbdh+h=0 Problem 39
Where:
81bïbï41b+h=0 A trapezoidal gutter is to be made from a
b = 2r[/math] strip of tin by bending up the edges. If the
ï(1+81)b+h=0 cross-section has the form shown in Fig.
thus, r = ½ b 38, what width across the top gives
h=(1+81)b maximum carrying capacity?

height=(1+81)breadth answer
P=b+2h²b+21b
Problem 38
P=2h+21b
A cylindrical glass jar has a plastic top. If
0=2dbdh+21 the plastic is half as expensive as glass,
per unit area, find the most economical
dbdh=ï41 proportion of the jar.

Light is most if area is maximum:

A=21r2+b(h²r)

A=21(21b)2+b(h²21b)

A=81b2+bh²21b2

A=81(ï4)b2+bh Solution:
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In Problem 39, if the strip is L in. wide, and
the width across the top is T in. (T < L),
what base width gives the maximum
capacity?

Solution:

h2+2bïa2=a2
Solution:

sin45=h214ïa
Solution:
h=a2ï4(bïa)2
h=214ïasin45
h2+2Tïa2=2Lïa2
h=214ïa12
h=214a2ï(bïa)2 h=4(Lïa)2ï4(Tïa)2
h=2214ïa
Capacity is maximum if area is maximum: h=21(Lïa)2ï(Tïa)2
Area:
A=21(b+a)h h=21L2ï2La+a2ïT2+2Taïa2
A=A1+2A2
A=21(b+a)214a2ï(bïa)2 h=21L2ïT2ï2(LïT)a
A=ah+2(21h2)
A=41(b+a)4a2ï(bïa)2 (take note Area:
that a is constant) A=a2214ïa+2214ïa2
A=21(a+T)h
A=7a2ïa222+8(14ïa)2
A=21(a+T)21L2ïT2ï2(LïT)a
dbdA=41(b+a)ï2(bïa)24a2ï(bïa)2+4a2ï dadA=72ïa2ï414ïa=0
(bïa)2=0 A=41(a+T)L2ïT2ï2(LïT)a (note that
L and T are constant)
72ïa2ï27+4a=0

41ï12a=27ï72
4a2ï(bïa)2=b2ïa24a2ï(bïa)2 dadA=41(a+T)ï2(LïT)2L2ïT2ï2(LïT)a+L2ïT
2ï2(LïT)a=0
a=317 in answer
L2ïT2ï2(LïT)a=(a+T)(LïT)L2ïT2ï2(LïT)a
Problem 43
4a2ï(bïa)2=b2ïa2
L2²T2²2(L²T)a=(a+T)(L²T)
A ship lies 6 miles from shore, and
4a2²b2+2ab²a2=b2²a2 opposite a point 10 miles farther along
L2²T2²2La+2Ta=La²Ta+TL²T2
the shore another ship lies 18 miles
2b2²2ab²4a2=0 offshore. A boat from the first ship is to
L2²TL=3La²3Ta
land a passenger and then proceed to
b2²ab²2a2=0 the other ship. What is the least distance
3(L²T)a=L(L²T)
the boat can travel?
(b+a)(b²2a)=0
a=31L

base = 1/3 × length of strip answer

Problem 42
For b + a = 0; b = -a (meaningless)
From a strip of tin 14 inches a trapezoidal
gutter is to be made by bending up the
For b - 2a = 0; b = 2a (ok)
sides at an angle of 45°. Find the width of
the base for greatest carrying capacity.

use b = 2a answer

Problem 41

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Solution: Solution:

D1=x2+62=x2+36 L1=x2+82=x2+64

D2=(10ïx)2+182=(10ïx)2+324 L2=(15ïx)2+122=(15ïx)2+144

Total Distance:

D=D1+D2 Total length of wire:

Solution:
D=x2+36+(10ïx)2+324 L=L1+L2
S1=x2+a2
dxdD=2x2x2+36+2(10ïx)(ï1)2(10ïx)2+324 L=x2+64+(15ïx)2+144
=0
S2=(cïx)2+b2
xx2+36=10ïx(10ïx)2+324
Total distance traveled by light:
dxdL=2x2x2+64+2(15ïx)(ï1)2(15ïx)2+144=
x(10ïx)2+324=(10ïx)x2+36 0
S=S1+S2
x2[(10²x)2+324]=(10²x)2(x2+36)

x2(10²x)2+324x2=x2(10²x)2+36(10²x)2 xx2+64=15ïx(15ïx)2+144
S=x2+a2+(cïx)2+b2
324x2=36(100²20x+x2)
dxdS=2x2x2+a2+2(cïx)(ï1)2(cïx)2+b2
9x2=100²20x+x2 x(15ïx)2+144=(15ïx)x2+64
xx2+a2=cïx(cïx)2+b2
8x2+20x²100=0 x2[(15²x)2+144]=(15²x)2(x2+64)
x(cïx)2+b2=(cïx)x2+a2
2x2+5x²25=0 x2(15²x)2+144x2=x2(15²x)2+64(15²x)2
x2[(c²x)2+b2]=(c²x)2(x2+a2)
(2x²5)(x+5)=0 144x2=64(225²30x+x2)
x2(c²x)2+b2x2=x2(c²x)2+a2(c²x)2
9x2=4(225²30x+x2)
b2x2=a2(c2²2cx+x2)
For 2x - 5 = 0; x = 5/2 5x2+120x²900=0
b2x2=a2c2²2a2cx+a2x2
For x + 5 = 0; x = -5 (meaningless) x2+24x²180=0
(a2²b2)x2²2a2cx+a2c2=0
Use x = 5/2 = 2.5 mi (x+30)(x²6)=0
By Quadratic Formula:
D=252+36+(10ï25)2+324 For x + 30 = 0; x = ²30 (meaningless)
A = a2 ² b2; B = ²2a2c; C = a2c2
D=26 mi answer For x - 6 = 0; x = 6 (ok)
x=2AïBB2ï4AC
Problem 44 use x = 6 ft
x=2(a2²b2)2a2c4a4c2ï4(a2²b2)(a2c2)
Two posts, one 8 feet high and the other location of stake: 6 ft from the shorter
x=2(a2²b2)2a2c4a4c2ï4a4c2+4a2b2c2
12 feet high, stand 15 ft apart. They are to post answer
be supported by wires attached to a
x=2(a2²b2)2a2c2abc
single stake at ground level. The wires Problem 45
running to the tops of the posts. Where
x=ac(ab)(aïb)(a+b)
should the stake be placed, to use the A ray of light travels, as in Fig. 39, from A
least amount of wire? to B via the point P on the mirror CD.
For
Prove that the length (AP + PB) will be a
minimum if and only if ǂ = ǃ.
x=ac(a+b)(aïb)(a+b)

x=acaïb meaningless if a > b

For

x=ac(aïb)(aïb)(a+b)

x=aca+b ok

Y
Y
Y
c
 
 c
 








c
d=(xï0)2+(yïk)2

Use x=aca+b d=x2+(yïk)2 by trial and error: x=a

when S is minimum: d=a2+y2+(yïk)2 y=a2a3=a

cïx=cïaca+b dydd=2y+2(yïk)2a2+y2+(yïk)2=0

cïx=a+b(a+b)cïac 2y+2(yïk) the nearest point is (a, a) answer

cïx=a+bac+bcïac 2y=k

cïx=bca+b y=21k

tan=xa y2=41k2

tan=aaca+b Nearest Distance:

tan=ca+b d=a2+41k2+(21kïk)2

tan=bcïx d=a2+21k2 answer

tan=bbca+b

tan=ca+b Problem 47

tan ǂ = tan ǃ Find the point on the curve a2 y = x3 that

is nearest the point (4a, 0).
thus, ǂ = ǃ (ok!)

Problem 46

Given point on the conjugate axis of an

equilateral hyperbola, find the shortest
distance to the curve.

Solution:

d=(xï4a)2+(yï0)2

d=(xï4a)2+y2

from

a2y=x3
Solution:
y=x3a2
Standard equation:
y2=x6a4
x2a2ïb2y2=1
d=(xï4a)2+x6a4
For equilateral hyperbola, b = a.
dxdd=2(xï4a)+a46x5/2(xï4a)2+x6a4=0
x2a2ïa2y2=1
(xï4a)+a43x5=0
x2²y2=a2

x2=a2+y2
3x5+a4x²4a5=0

Distance d:

Y

Y
Y