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- m.rthpKj;J

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Rfh;nfd; m";ry; / nfhit - 07 - nrhiy ,irf;Fapy;

,jH; totikg;g[ M';;fpyg; gFjp

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“This Little Journal is Published with Financial Assistance from the Central Institute
of Indian Languages ( Ministry of Human Resource Development , Department of
Higher Education . Govt of India ), Manasagangotri , Mysore 570006 vide sanction
letter 53-10(11)/2008-09/TAM/LM/GRNT dated February 25,2009 under the scheme
of Grant in Aid”
jiya§f«

rhjp thhp $zj;bjhif fzf;bfLg;g[

ehl;od; $dj; bjhif fzf;bfLg;g[ (census) gj;jhz;Lf;F xU

Kiw 1901 / 1911/ 1921 / 1931 vd;w hPjpapy; xt;bthU gj;jhz;od; Kjy;
Mz;oy; vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j tifapy; 2011- y; ek;ehl;od; kf;fs;
bjhif fzf;bfLg;g[ vLf;fg;gl;l ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;F ,e;j 2010
Mz;onyna gzp bjhl';FfpwJ.
1931 dpYk; mjw;F Kd;g[k; bts;isah; Ml;rpapy; kf;fs;
fzf;bfLg;gpy; kf;fspd; bgah; / Mzh bgz;zh vd;w ghypdk; / taJ rhjp
/ kjk;/ bjhHpy; / tUkhdk; ,g;gog; gy tpgu';fs; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;ld .
1931 f;Fg; gpwF vLf;fg;gl;l $dj;bjhif (population )
fzf;bfLg;gpy; kf;fspd; rhjp gw;wpa Fwpg;ig ePf;fptpl;lhh;fs;.
vz;gJ Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF ,g;nghJ kf;fspd; rhjp gw;wpa
Fwpg;g[k; nrh;f;fg;gl ntz;Lk; . mjhtJ / rhjp thhpahf kf;fs; bjhif.
fzf;bfLg;g[ elj;j ntz;Lk; vd;w nfh#k; vGe;Js;sJ.
ekJ r\fj;jpd; fl;Lkhdj;ij ghh;f;Fk; nghJ mJ mtrpak;
vd;nw gLfpwJ.
gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l jhH;j;jg;gl;l ftdpg;gw;w gH';FofSf;fhd
rYif XJf;fPLfs; me;je;j gl;oay; rhjpfspd; tpfpjhr;rhug;go jhd;
mspf;fg;gLtjhy; me;j gl;oay; rhjpfspd; $dr';fpia njitg;gLfpwJ.
mjw;fhft[k; gl;oay; rhjpfs; muR mspf;Fk; cjtpfshy; xt;b;thU
gj;jhz;Lk; mtw;wpd; nkk;ghL vg;go ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij
mDkhdpg;gjw;Fk; rhjpthhpf; fzf;bfLg;g[ mtrpak; *
,g;go njita[k; mtrpak; ,Ue;Jk; ,d;W mjw;fhf Fuy; vGg;g[fpw
Ml;fs; / fl;rpfs; fle;j 80 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; 1931 y; vLj;j $dj;
bjhiff; fzf;bfLg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; gl;oay; rhjpfspd; $dj;bjhifia

$%¬ 2010 3
gl;oay; rhjpfSf;F rYif xJf;fPLfs; bra;j muRfspd; glj;ij Vd;
fz;L nfl;ftpy;iy >
,e;jf; nfs;tpnahL $hjp thhp $dj; bjhif fzf;bfLg;g[f;F
cuj;j Fuy; bfhLf;Fk; murpay; fl;rpfisg; ghh;f;Fk; nghJ / ekf;Fg;
gilgilahfr; re;njfk; Vw;gLfpwJ.
tlf;nf gPfhh; kw;Wk; cj;jpug; gpunjrj;jpy; ahjt rhjpapdh;
mjpfk;. bjw;nf jkpHfj;jpd; tlgFjpapy; td;dpa. Rhjpapdh; mjpfk;.
j';fs; rhjpapd; bgUk; ghd;ikiaf; fhl;o j';fs; rhjpapd; nghpy;
jdpkhepyk; . nfhUk; cj;njrj;jpy; jhd; tlf;nf rkh$; tho / uh#;l;hpa
$djh jsk; / If;fpa $djh jsk; fl;rpfSk; / bjw;nf ghl;lhsp kf;fs;
fl;rpa[k; $hjpthhp $dj; bjhif fzf;bfLg;g[f;Ff; if J}f;Ffpwhh;fnsh..
vd;w re;njfk; vGfpwJ. jkpHfj;jpy; me;j cs; nehf;fKk; murpay;
Mjha ntl;ifa[k; ghl;lhsp kf;fs; fl;rpapy; mt;tg;nghJ btspg;gLtij
thrfh; mwpe;jpUf;fyhk; /
bjY';fnu bjY';F njrj;jpy; jdpkhepyk; nfl;gJ nghuhLtJ
nghy / Qpe;jp ngRk; gFjpfspy gy khdpy';fs; ,Ug;gJ nghy jkpH;
ehl;oy; xU rhjp jkpHf;fs; jdp khepyk; nfl;gJ Mr;rhpak; ,y;iyna *

tz;zg; g{';fh thrdpd; gpwe;jehs; tpHh

tz;zg; g{';fh ,jHhsh; Xtpaf; fiy"h; fhtpaf; ftp"h;
tz;zg; g{';fh thrd; mth;fspd;g gpwe;j ehs; tpHh jkpHpd vGr;rp ehs;
tpHhthf brd;id njtneag; ghthzh; E}yf mu';fpy; 26.05.2010 y;
,yf;fpa tpUe;njhUk; / jkpH; rhd;nwhh;fSf;F tpUjdpg;nghL rpwg;ghf
eile;njwpaJ. ftp"h;. fiy"h; thrd; mth;fs; gy;yhz;L thH;e;J
jkpH; / jkpHh; nkk;ghl;Lf;F gzpahw;w K';fhhp thH;j;jp kfpH;fpwJ.

4 K§fhÇ
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jz;lid
- m. rthpKj;J / ,ilahw;Wk';fyk; / jpUr;rp
jpUr;rp jiyik kUj;Jt kidapy; kd eyg;gphptpy; jiyik
kUj;Jth; eLehafk; mkh;e;jpUf;f kw;w kUj;Jth;fs; kw;Wk; kdey
gapw;rp kUj;Jth;fs; NH;e;jpUf;f / Vnjh fijia / jpiug;glf; fijnah /
cyfg; nghl;oapy; fphpf;bfl;oy; ,e;jpah tPH;e;j fijnah vijnah ngrp
rphpj;J kfpH;e;J bfhz;L ,Ue;jdh;.
ePz;l thpir * xt;bthU kdeyk; Fd;wpatUf;Fk; ghJfhg;g[
Jizahf ey;y kdepiyahsh; ,Uth; nrh;e;J ifg;ge;jkhf epw;f /
thpir ePz;L bjhpe;jJ. ,uFt[k; mtuJ kfs; jPght[k; me;j thpirapy;
nrh;e;J bfhz;ldh;. cs;nsh ,Uf;Fk; MSfSf;F / jiyf;F xU
nehahsp vd;W ghh;j;jhy; Tl me;j thpir fhzhky; ngha; tpLk;.
jd; kfd; jPgh bra;a[k; rpy;yiwr; bray;fisf; fz;L mtis
mlf;fpf; bfhz;nl thpirapy; efh;e;jhh; . jPgh ,il ,ilna ifj;jl;o
rphpg;gJk; / mUfpy; ,Ug;gth;fspd; g[lit ntl;ofis ,Gj;J tpLtJk;
mtis ,uF mlf;FtJkhfj; jd; kfis efh;j;jpdhh;.
gjpt[ bra;;a[k; mYtyh; nehl;oy; gjpt[ bra;jt[ld; gpr;irf;fhud;
ifia ePl;LtJ nghy me;j bts;is cil mzpe;j egh; ifia ePl;o
ePl;o tNypj;jhh; . vy;nyhUk; ntjida[ld; ntjidahf mtUf;F Ie;J
+gha; fg;gk; fl;odhh;fs;. gjpt[ bra;j nehl;il ifapy; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L
kUj;Jt FHhj;ij beU';fpdhh;fs;. ghtk; * m';nf fle;j Mz;L
EiHa[k; nghJ vGjp bfhLj;J kUe;J / khj;jpiufisj; jpUk;g / jpUk;g
xt;bthUtUf;Fk; xt;bthU nehl;oYk; gapw;rp kUj;Jth;fs; vGjpj; ju
thpir efh;e;J bfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. jiyik kUj;JtUk; mtuJ
cjtpahsh;fSk; v';nfh jpUk;gpf; bfhz;L vijnah gw;wp ngrpf; bfhz;L
,Uf;f / miur; rpy;Yz;oj;jd';fisr; bra;J bfhz;L efu / rphpf;f /
mGf / gpjw;w / ngr / fpr;R fpr;R \l;l thpirapy; bky;y bky;y efh;e;J

$%¬ 2010 5
gjpthsiu ,uFt[k; jPght[k; mile;jdh; . gjpthsh; ,uFtpd; Kfj;ijg;
ghh;j;Jk; nfhgj;Jld; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gp bfhz;lhh; . Vbdd;why; nghd
jlit \d;W ehl;fs; fle;J ngha; gjpt[ bra;a nghd nghJ mthplk;
,UgJ +gha; nfl;fnt jd;dplk; mt;tst[ gzk; ,y;iy vd Twnt
jfuhW MdJ. mjdhy; rj;jk; Mfnt jiyik kdey kUj;Jth; ekJ
ry;yhg ngr;ir epWj;jptpl;L vd;d > vd;W nfl;f gjpthsh; elg;igf; Tw
“rhp/ rhp” mLj;j Kiw te;J nrh;j;Jf; bfhL vdr; brhy;yp brd;W tpl;lhh;.
mJ ,uFt[f;F epidt[f;F tunt / ,UgJld; Ie;ija[k; nrh;j;J
+gha; ,Ugj;ije;J Mf ePl;lnt gjpt[ bra;J gjpthsh; nehl;il je;jhh;.
gapw;rp kUj;Jt khzth;fs; ,ae;jpuk; nghy nghd Mz;L nrh;e;jnghJ
vGjpj; je;j kUe;J khj;jpiu tiffisna “ghuhazk;” nghy Kd;gf;fk;
g[ul;og; ghh;j;J / gjpt[ bra;a[k;nghJ ,il,ilna ngrpf; bfhz;Lk;
vf;fhskha; rphpj;Jf; bfhz;L khj;jpiu mst[ Tl;of; Fiwj;J vGjpj;
je;Jk; / tHf;fkhd khj;jpiufis vGj;Jf;fs; gprfpdhy; khw;wpa[k; junt
rpyh; / miug; igj;jpa';fis mk;ngh vd eilg;ghijapy; tpl;L /
g[y;btspapy; epw;f itj;J mju / gpjw Xo te;J khw;wpf; bfhz;L nghapdh; .
me;j epiy ,uFt[f;F ,y;iy .
,Ug;gpDk; ,uFtpd; kfs; jPgh / jd;id kwe;J jiyik kUj;Jth;
Jiu khzpf;fj;jpd; bjhe;jpia xU jlt[ jltp / KWf;F kPiria bky;y
KWf;fp tpl;lhh; . ,J ahUk; vjph;ghh;f;fhj NH;epiyapy; ele;J tpl;lJ.
mjdhy; nfhgk; mile;j jiyik kUj;Jth; Jiu khzpf;fKk;
kw;w kUj;Jth;fSk; / gapw;rp khzt kUj;Jth;fSk; mjph;r;rp mile;jdh; .
kUj;Jth; Jiu khzpf;fk; nehahspapd; KJfpy; “gshh;” xU mo nghl;lhh;.
jPgh Js;spf; bfhz;L fj;jp fjwp Xodhs; . bky;y bky;y gpd;dhy; Xo /
MRthrg;gLj;jp tpl;L kUj;Jth;fsplk; ,uF kd;dpg;g[f; nfhhpdhh;. gpwF
ifg;ge;jkhf jPghit miHj;Jf; bfhz;L btspna te;jhh;.
kUj;Jth; moj;j moiaa[k; kwe;J jPgh / “mg;gh * grpf;FJ * mg;gh *
grpf;FJ*” vd;whs; . “rhp / th * me;j czt[ tpLjpapy; cz;nghk;”. vd;W
,uF Twp rhiyiaf; fle;J vjph;g[wk; brd;whh;fs; . mg;nghJ 'tph;' vd

6 K§fhÇ
te;j xU fhiuj; bjhLtJ nghy ifia ePl;o Fjpj;J rphpj;jhs;. bky;y
mlf;fp czt[fj;jpy; cs;ns EiHe;J rhg;gplyhapdh;. ,uFit tpl jPgh
bfh";rk; mjpfk; rhg;gpl;lhs;. rhg;gpl;L tpl;L vGk;nghJ gzpMs; 'gpy;'
iyf; ifapy; jpzpj;J tpl;L brd;whh;. mij th';fpf; bfhz;L vGk;nghJ
vjpnu mkh;e;J rhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;L ,Ue;j bgz;zpd; jiyapy; ,Ue;j
g{it jPgh vLj;J jd; jiyapy; itj;Jf; bfhz;lhs;. me;j gjw;wj;Jld;
jPghitj; js;spf; bfhz;l btspna te;jhh;. vjpnu ciwa{h; tHpna
bry;Yk; ngUe;jpy; Vwp mkh;e;jdh;.
'of;fl;' 'of;fl;' vd;W elj;Jeh; nfl;Fk; nghJjhd; 'cztfj;jpy;'
gpy;Yf;Fhpa rhg;ghL gzj;ijf; bfhLf;fhky; ngUe;jpy; VwpaJ
epidt[f;F te;jJ. ,w';fp ngha; gpy;Yf;Fhpa gzj;ijf; bfhLj;Jtpl;L
te;Jlyhk; vd;W vz;zpdhh;. ,e;j miuf; fpWf;Fj; jPghita[k;
miHj;Jf; bfhz;L ,w';fp VwDnk xd;W 'thsh' ,Ue;J tpl;lhh;. mJjhd;
mth; bra;j jtW * ,Jtiu xUf;fhRf;F xUth;f;fhRf;F mth;
Mirg;gl;lJ ,y;iy . mtUf;Fg; ngha; miuf;fpWf;F kfs; jPgh *
fhyj;jpd; nfhyk; * tpjp bra;j rjp *
rj;jpuk; ngUe;jpy; vf;fr; rf;ff; Tl;lk; / ,d;W KTh;j;j ehs;
vd;gjhy; Tl;lk; miy nkhjpaJ. jpUlh;fSf;Ff; bfhz;lhl;lk; *
ngUe;jpy; ,w';FnthUk; VWnthUk; kfhghuj nghh; g[hpe;J
bfhz;ldh;. me;j FUnrj;jpu nghhpy; jdJ kfs; jPghitj; js;spf;
bfhz;L ,w';fp gHf;filf;F te;jhh; ,uF. m';nf ½ fpnyh Mg;gps;'
th';fpf; bfhz;L jdJ njhy;igf;Fs; ifia tpl;lhh;. ghtk; * mtuJ if
Vkhw;wj;Jld; btspna cyhtpaJ. Mkhk; * jpUlh;fs; if thpir * njhy;
igapy; ,Ue;j +gha; Ie;E}W njhy;igf; fpHpf;fg;gl;L fsthlg;gl;L
,Ue;jJ.
mg;nghJ ,uF jd;idj;jhd; behe;J bfhz;lhh;. cztfj;jpd;
+gha; VGgij juhJtpl;nlhk; . ek;k fhR Ie;E}W nghr;R * vd;W
jdf;Fj;jhnd tUj;jg;gl;lhh;.,e;j jz;lid njitjhd; . vd;W rl;ilg;
igapy; ,Ue;j gzk; E}Wld; Ch; te;J nrh;e;jhh;.

$%¬ 2010 7
eh£lh® kuòf´

nrh;e;j k';fyk; j';fj;Jiu - 61

fHdpa{ud;
j';fj;Jiu fhspak;khs; rpe;jpa fz;zPhpd; bghUisg; g[hpe;J
bfhz;L . mtisj; njw;Wk; tpjkhf. “fhsp/ Vd; rpd;dg; gps;is khjphp
mGJf;fpl;L ,Uf;nf / bghk;gisah gpwe;j gps;isfSf;Fg; gphpt[ vd;gJ
jtph;f;f Koahjjhfp tpl;lJ. fy;ahzk; fl;of; bfhLf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; /
jha[k; / je;ija[k; bghl;lg;gps;isfisr; rPuhl;o / ghuhl;o tsf;fh';f .
fy;ahzk;D Mfp mts; xU g[Urd; gpd;dhy nghFk; nghJ / bgw;W tsh;j;j
jhiaa[k; /je;ijiaa[k; gphpe;J fz;zPh; rpe;Jfpwhs;. me;jg; gphptpd;
nrhfj;ijf; fztdhf tUfpd;wtd; jhd; khw;w ntz;Lk; . g[J cwit /
tuntw;W md;g[ brYj;Jfpw g[Urd; fhl;Lfpw ghrj;jpYk; fhjypYk; /
md;gpYk; / fhkj;jpYk; mts; bky;y / bky;y jd; jha; / je;ijahpd;
epidt[fspy; ,Ue;J kPs;fpwhs;. xU bfhk;gpy; glh;e;j g{';bfhoia
bky;yg; gphpj;J vLj;J / kW bfhk;gpy; glu tpLfpd;wJ nghy jhd;
bgz;zpd; gphpt[k; / g[J cwt[k;.
g[Fe;jj tPl;oy; khkpa[k; / khkht[k; / te;jpUf;Fk; g[J kUkfisj;
jd; kw;bwhU kfshfg; ghtpj;Jf; bfhz;lhy; / jha; tPl;oy; ,He;j cwit /
g[Fe;j tPl;oy; bgw;W. mf;FLk;gj;jpy; bky;y / bky;y nth;ghtp Jsph;g;ghs; .
Fw;why kiyao thuj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntnuhLk; / ntuo kz;nzhLk;
gpL';fpf; bfhz;L te;J xU broia fhpry; fhl;oy; el;L / ePh; Cw;wp
tsh;j;jhYk; / mr;bro clnd nth; nghlhJ . g[jpa kz;zpy; / g[jpa
rPnjh#;zj;jpy; / g[jpa NHypy; bghUe;j kdkpd;wpg; bghUe;jp rpy ehs;
fHpj;Jj; jhd; nth; nghLk; / gpwF m';F cs;s NH;epiyfSf;F Vw;g
jd;id khw;wpf; bfhz;L / Jspf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; .
jha; tPl;oy; ,Ue;J / g[Fe;j tPl;ow;Fr; bry;Yk; kdRk; mJnghyj;
jhd; / g[Fe;j tPl;oy; fple;J kUFk; / gpd; bky;y bky;y nth; nghl;L
Jsph;f;f Muk;gpf;Fk;.
fl;or; brd;w fztDk; / khkd; / khkpa[k; bfhLikf;fhuh;fshf
tha;j;J tpl;lhy; / me;jr; bro el;l ,lj;jpy; tho gl;Lg; nghFk;.
fztd; kidtp vd;W thHj;Jt';fpa gpwF / mg;bgz;qf;Fg;

8 K§fhÇ
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Muk;gj;jpy; fhkk; ,izj;J itf;fpwJ. gpwF / mts; tapw;wpy; tsUk /
fztd;je;j 'fU' g[Fe;j tPl;oy; MHkhf nth; nghllr; bra;fpwJ.
fztd; brYj;Jfpd;w md;gpy; brHpj;J tsh;fpd;w g[Jg; bgz; /
fh;gpdp MdJk; / jiyg; gpurtj;jpw;F kPz;Lk; jha; tPl;ow;Fr; bry;fpwhs; .
fztd; brYj;jpa ghrj;ij md;igg; gphpe;J jha; tPl;ow;Fr; bry;fpw nghJ
kPz;Lk; gphpt[j; Jauk; mtis thl;LfpwJ. me;j nrhfj;ijj; jhapd;
mutidg;g[ jh';fpg; gpoj;Jj; njw;WfpwJ.
fhpry; fhl;oy; tsh;e;j broia kPz;Lk; gpL';fp / Fw;whykiy
mothuj;jpy; el;L itg;gJ nghd;wJ jhd; flg; nghija mtspd;
thH;f;if.
fhsp / ekf;F ,g;go ve;jf; FLg;gpida[k; ,y;iy . cdf;Fj; jha[k;
,y;iy / je;ija[k; ,y;iy . cd;idj; jhyp fl;o ehd; miHj;J tut[k;
,y;iy . g[Fe;j tPL vd;W VJk; cdf;F ,y;iy .,';F fhl;ow;Fs;
capiuf; ifapy; gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L / jiykiwthf / thH;e;j cdf;F
tPLk; ,y;iy / thrYk; ,y;iy.
tPL vd;W xd;W ,Ue;jhy; jhnd . tPl;ilg; bgUf;f ntz;Lk;.
thry; vd;W xd;W ,Ue;jhy; jhd; thriyg; bgUf;f ntz;Lk; / nfhyk;
nghl ntz;Lk; .
ehnlhoahf thH; f pwth; f s; Tl Tl; l k; Tl; l khfj; j hd;
thH;fpwhh;fs;. fhiyapy; ,iu njog; nghFk; gwit fUf;fypy; v';F
Rw;wpahtJ jd; Tl;ow;F te;J nrh;tJ nghy / ehnlhofSk; v';F brd;W
',iu' njodhYk; / bghGJ gl;L tpl;lhy; (,Ul;o tpl;lhy;) j';fs;
Tlhuj;jpw;F te;J tpLthh;fs;.
mth;fSf;Fs; / xUj;jh;f;F xUj;jh; / mqruizahf / Mjuthf
ele;J bfhs;thh;fs;. xUj;jh;f;F jiytyp / fhr;ry; vd;why; gf;fj;Jf;
Tlhuj;jpy; ,Uf;fpw ehnlho frhak; itj;Jf; bfhLg;ghd;.
fhsp /ekf;F me;jf; bfhLg;gida[k; ,y;iy . ehd; bfl;lJ
fhzhJ vd;W cd;ida[k; ,e;j fhl;Lf;Fs; ,Gj;J te;J tpl;nld;.
“jiykiwt[ thH;f;ifapy; bgz;zpd; rfthrk; / mJt[k; fhjy;
kidtpapd; cwt[ / kpft[k; Mgj;jhdJ” vd;W vdf;Fj; bjhpa[k;
fhjypjhd; / ,j;jifa thH;f;iff;F ,il";ry; . fhjypiaf; fhg;ghw;wg;

$%¬ 2010 9
ngha; bghwpapy; khl;of; bfhz;l tPuh;fs; gyhpd; fijfis ehDk;
nfs;tpg; gl;oUf;fpnwd;.
ve;jj; jFjpa[k; / ve;j trjpa[k; ,y;yhj vd;idf; fhjypj;J /
vd;idf; fhj;J /vdf;fhf thhpira[k; cd; tapw;wpy; Rke;J bfhz;L
/vd;idg; gphpa[k; nghJ fz;fy';Ffpd;w cd; ghrj;ij vd;dhy; kwf;f
Koa[kh >
,j;jid bghLikfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; / rpd;dj;Jiu vd;w ,e;jj;
njhHd; kl;Lk; ,y;iy vd;why; ek; thH;f;if vd;nwh Koe;J nghapUf;Fk;.
ehk; mtDf;F vd;d ifkhW bra;ag; nghfpnwhk; vd;W bjhpatpy;iy .
mtd; jd;idna mHpj;Jf; bfhz;L . ek;ikf; fhj;J tUfpwhd;. mtDf;F
ehk; vg;go 'ed;wp' bra;a vd;W bjhpa tpy;iy . vd;W \r;Rtplhky; ngrpa /
j';fj;Jiuapd; / FuYk; cile;jJ. czh;;r;rp trg;gl;l j';fj;Jiuapd;
fz;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; fz;zPh; frpa ehKk; mGjhy; fhspak;khs; nkYk;
mGths; vd;W epidj;j j';fj;Jiu jd; czh;r;rpfis xLf;fpf;bfhs;s
Kaw;rp bra;J njhw;whd;.
fhjy; n$ho ,UtUk; / czh;r;rp kakhfpf; fz;zPh; rpe;Jtijg;
g[hpe;J bfhz;l rpd;dj;Jiu / ,ilna g[Fe;J “fhspak;kh / mGjJ nghJk;
vd;ndhL g[wg;gL / ehd; Mk;gis 'tpU / tpU' vd;W ele;J rPf;fpukhff;
fhl;ilf; fle;jpUntd;. eP / g[s;sj;jhr;rp / epiwkhjf; fh;gpzp / cd;id
itj;Jf; bfhz;L ntfkhf ,e;jf; fhl;ilf; flf;f KoahJ. ,g;gnk /
g[wg;gl;lhy; jhd; bghGJ}u / Ch; vy;iyia mila Koa[k; . bjhlh;e;J
cd;dhy; elf;f KoahJ. btapy; ntW bfhSj;Jk; / grp /jhfk; ntW
mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; . ahh; fz;zpYk; glhky; gl;lg;gfy; neuj;jpy; fhl;ilf;
flf;f ntz;Lk; . ,J rpf;fyhd fhhpak; jhd;. ntW vd;d bra;a > mjdhy
jhkjpahky; / ,g;gnk g[wg;gL” vd;W mtis jpir jpUg;gpdhd;.
Mtrug;gLj;JtJ nghy; eoj;jhd;.
j';fj;Jiua[k; / jd; g';fpw;F mtis KLf;fp tpLtJ nghy; /
“rpd;dj;Jiu brhy;tJk; rhpjhd; / k;… rPf;fpuk; g[wg;gL *” vd;W eog;g[ld;
ngrpdhd;.
“,Uthpd; elg;iga[k; g[hpe;J bfhz;l fhspak;khs; k; / rhp
g[wg;gLfpnwd;. vd;dplk; vd;d bghpa Rikah ,Uf;F > fpHpe;j fe;jy;
nriyfs; cs;s bghl;lzk; xd;W kl;Lk; ,Uf;F mij nej;J uhj;jphpna
10 K§fhÇ
fl;o tr;rpl;nld;.”
re;ijf;Fg; nghfpw tz;of;fhuh;fis tHp kwpj;J / eP';fs; vLj;J
te;j k";rs; krhyh rhkhd;fs; vJt[k; vd;dhy; bfhz;L nghf KoahJ.
ehd; ele;J nghtnj bghpa fhhpak; ,e;j byl;rzj;jpy; bghpa Rikfis
vd;dhy; bfhz;L nghf KoahJ vd;whs;.
“eil gazj;jpw;F Rikfs; ,il";ryhf ,Uf;Fk; . nghfpw
,lj; j py; fpilf; f pwij jpd; W bfhz; L gazj; i jj; bjhlu
ntz;oaJjhd;” vd;whd; rpd;dj;Jiu .
j';fj;Jiu / rpd;dj;Jiuiag; ghh;j;J ' epjhdkhff; Tl;of;fpl;Lg;
ngh / bghpathplk; fhspia xg;gilj;j gpd; / eP jpUk;gp ,';f te;jpU. buz;L
/ \q ehshdhYk; guthapy;iy . vd;id ehd; ghh;j;Jf;Fntd; . vd;idg;
gw;wpf; ftiyg; glhnj/ mUthSk; / fj;jpa[k; ,Lg;gpy; ,Uf;fh vd;W
bjhl;Lg; ghh;j;J / Ch;$pjk; gz;zpf;nfh / ,e;jh / re;ijf;Fg; nghfpw
tz;of fhudplk; ifg;gw;wpa gzk; KGtJk; ePnah /bfhz;Lngh
gzj;ij vy;yhk; bghpathplk; bfhLj;J fhspak;khis ey;ygo
ftdpr;rpg; ghh;j;Jf;fplr; brhy;Yk; . ,dpa[k; jhkjpf;fhk g[wg;gL';f.”
vd;wtd; gzg;igia rpd;dj;Jiuaplk; bfhLj;jhd;.
epiwkhjf; fh;gpzpahd fhspak;khs; Fdpa Kohky; Fdpe;J /
j';fj;Jiuapd; fhy;fisj; bjhl;Lf; Fk;gpl;L vGe;jhs; . kPz;Lk; mts;
fz;fspy; fz;zPh; Kj;Jf;fs; nfhh;j;jpUe;jd.
fhspak;khs; / “mj;jhd; ehd; nghaplL thud; / ey;y tpjp ,Ue;jh /
jha[k; /gps;isa[kh kPz;Lk; ehd; cd;idg; ghh;f;fpnwd;. jiyg;gpurtk;
vd;gJ xU bghz;qf;F / kW gpwg;g[jhd; / jha;ntW / gps;isntW MtJ
bja;tr; bray;jhd;. nghfpw ,lj;jpy; vd;d MFnkh * VJ MFnkh > mJ
me;j Mz;ltDf;Fj;jhd; bjhpa[[k;. xU ntis ehDk; / vd; gps;isa[k;
caph; gpiHj;jhYk; . cdf;F vd;d MFnkh > cd; jiyf;F nky; jhd;
vg;nghJk; fj;jp bjh';fpf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwnj * “ vd;W fy';fpdhs;.
rpd;dj;Jiu / fhspak;khspd; bghl;lzj;ijf; ifapy; vLj;Jf;
bfhz;L Kd;dhy; ele;jhd; . mts; mtd; gpd;dhy; bky;y mo vLj;J
itj;J ele;jhs;. mg;nghJ v';fpUe;njh vjph; ghuhky; te;j fhlLg; g{id
xd;W mth;fs; bry;Yk; ghijapd; FWf;nf brd;wJ .
(bjhlUk; …)

$%¬ 2010 11
 ThH;j;JfpwJ K';fhhp ,yf;fpa tl;lk;
ekJ ,jHpd;
fl;LiuahsUk; gpugy
gl; o kd; w ngr; r hs -
Ukhd nfhit jdghy;
mth;fSf;F Ie;jhtJ
cyfj; jkpHf; fHfk;
rhh; g py; fl; L iur;
brk;ky; vd;w
gl;laj;ij Ie;jhtJ
cyfj; jkpH; r';fj;jpd;
epWtdh; ftpKfpy;
,uhk- Kj;Jf;Fkudhh; jiyikapy; fiykhkdp nguhrphpah; F."hdrk;ge;jk;
mth;fshy; tH';fg;gl;lJ. mUfpy; rPh;fhHp k.,uhkh; ftpg;nguuR mUikahh; /
g[yth; k. ,s';fPudhh; / Mj;k cyfk; g.bt';fl;uh$; Mfpnahh; cs;sdh; .

gQ;hpdpy; bray;gl;L tUk; jkpH;ehL r\f fyhr;rhu kd;wk; ( Tamil Nadu

Social and Cultural Association ) rhh;gpy; nk khjk; Kjy; ehs; kdhkhtpy cs;s
ghg;gpnyhd; ,d;lh;nd'dy; tpLjp mu';fpy; eilbgw;w rpwg;g[ epfH;r;rpapy;
fd;dpahFkhp tuyhw;Wg; gz;ghl;L Ma;t[ikak; bghJr; brayUk; / Ma;t[f;
fs";rpak; khj ,jH; MrphpaUkhd lhf;lh;. v!;. gj;kehgd; rpwg;g[ tpUe;jpduhff;
fye;J bfhz;L jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;g[ mk;r';fis vLj;Jiuj;jhh;.

12 K§fhÇ
f£Liu

Kw;wp tsh;e;j Ks;ku';fs;

- gHdpg; ghtyd;

btapypd; btg;gf;fjh;fs; jhf;Fjy; bjhLf;Fk;Kd; bra;jpj;

jhisg; goj;J Kof;f vz;zpg; gphpf;fpnwhk;. ,d;W cyfpy; ve;j ve;jg;
gFjpapy; td;Kiwj; jhf;Fjy;fs; / v';bf';nf btoFz;L btog;g[fs; /
vtuth; flj;jg;gl;Lf; ifjpahfg; gpof;fg;gl;Ls;shh;fs; vd;w bra;jpfs; ek;
Kfj;ij miwe;J jhf;Ffpd;wd.
td;Kiw epfH;r;rpfisj; bjhlh;e;J murpd; fz;ld mwpf;iffs; /
g[ydha;t[ Kaw;rpfs; / murpd; ftdf; Fiwitf; fz;oj;J vjph;f;fl;rpfs;
vjpuiy KHf; f '; f s; tUk; . Mh; t khf Koit vjph; g ; g hh; j ; J f;
bfhz;oUf;Fk; kf;fSila epidthw;wy; Fiwthlhy; mikjp jtHj;
bjhl';Fk; . mJ mLj;j epfHg; nghFk; td;Kiw tiujhd;. ghjpf;fg;gl;l
/cw;whiua[k; cwita[k; gwpbfhLj;j kf;fSila fz;zPh;g; gl';fis
vth; Ke;jp btspapLtJ vdr; bra;jpj; jhs;fSf;Fs; nghl;ona elf;Fk;.
kpft[k; bfh?ukhd fhl;rpiag; gjpt[ bra;j g[ifg;glf;fhuh; ey;y ghpira[k;
bgWthh;.
Mdhy; /td; K iw Vd; tsh; e ; J bfhz; n l ,Uf; f pwJ>
td;Kiwahsh;fs; vd;d khw;wj;ij tpUk;g[fpwhh;fs; > td;Kiwahsd;
vg;go cUthfpwhd; > vd;gij vtnuDk; Eqfp Muha;e;jhh;fsh > Vnjh
rpy ,jHhsh;fSk; ,jH;fSk; kl;Lk; ,jd; Mzpntiug; gpoj;J
myrpdhy; / jPh;e;J tpLkh ,e;jr; rpf;fy; >
g[wf;fzpg;g[fspy; ,Ue;nj ,e;jg; g[ay; totk; vLf;fpwJ.
vjph;ghh;g;g[fs; vy;yhk; vhpe;J rhk;gyhFk; nghJk; / vjph;g;g[zh;t[fs;
TLilj;J vf;fspj;Jf; fpsk;g[fpd;wd.
murpay;thjpfspd; jd;dyj;jhy; bghJr;brhj;J Ruz;lg;gLfpwJ.
fhl;Ltsk; /fdptsk;/ epytsk; / ePh;ts';fs; vd vy;nyhh;f;Fk;
bghJthdtw; i wf; Fwpg; g pl; l xU rpynu bfhs; i saoj; J f;

$%¬ 2010 13
bfhz;oUf;fpwhh;fs;. mog;gil trjp Tlf; fpilf;fhky; kf;fs; my;yhof;
bfhz; o Uf; f pwhh; f s. thf; F Wjp bfhLj; J tsk; nrh; g ; g jhfr;
brhd;dth;fs; jd;tPL / jd; bgz;L / jd; gps;isfs; eyid kl;Lk;
ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. Mz;lhz;L fhyk; moikg;gl;L
Jd;gg;gl;Lk; cHy;fpd;w ciHf;Fk; Tl;lk; / tpoay; tUk; fpHf;F jpirna
mz;lj;jpy; ,y;yhky; ngha;tpLnkh vd tpag;nghLk; btWg;nghLk;
Joj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.
jhahf te;J jh';f ntz;oa Ms;nthh;fs; jd; jk;gl;lk;
mog;;gjpYk; jkf;F tpHh vLg;gjpYk jkh;f;Fg; gjtp njLtjpYk; m';fhe;J
miyfpd; w hh; f s; . rpf; f dk; ntz; L k; vd kf; f Sf; F mwpt[ i u
TWnthh;fs; Mlk;gu tPl;Lf;Fk; / Mutyp tpsk;guj;Jf;Fk; / thD}h;jpr;
bryt[f;Fk; nfho nfhoahfr; bryt[ bra;fpd;whh;fs;. tpjh;ghtpd; gl;odpr;
rht[fs; Rth;fSf;F btWk; bra;jp kl;Lnk.
Ms;nthhpd; Jizahy; vy;yhtiff; Fw;w';fSk; epfH;fpd;wd.
jl;of; nfl;gtd; jl;o behWf;fg;gLfpwhd;. fhty; Jiw murpayhsh;fspd;
ifg;ghitahf khwptpLk; nghJ / fhtYk; ,y;iy . capUf;F Xh;
cWjpa[k; ,y;iy . thH;nt ,k;kz;zpg; ,y;iy vd;w Kot[f;F kf;fs;
te;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. ePjpnjtdpd; kaf;fKk; bjspe;j ghoy;iy .
murpd; jpl;l';fs; Ms;n;thiur; nrh;e;jhh;f;F kl;Lnk . xt;bthU
khepyj;jpYk; bghUspaypYk; thH;tpaypYk; gpd; j';fpa gFjpfis
nkk; g Lj; j vtUk; epidg; g jpy; i y . vjph; j ; J f; nfl; g th; f is
vjphpfshfnt epidf;fpwhh;fs;.
ek; flYk; jpULngha;f; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jpaj; Jizf;
fz;lj;jpy; cs;sJ jhnd jkpH;ehL . me;jj; jkpH;ehl;L kPdth;fs;
ehs;njhWk; ,y';ifg; gilahYk; rp';fstuhYk; jhf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
bfhy;yg;gLfpwhh;fs;. mijj; jl;of; nfl;fnth jLj;J epWj;jnth ika
muRf;F epidg;g[k; ,y;iy . neuKk; ,y;iy / jkpHpdf; fhtyh;fSf;Fk;
Tlj;jhd;.
,e; j pahtpd; gy; n tW khepy'; f spy; cs; s kiyfspYk;

14 K§fhÇ
fhLfspYk; cs;s kf;fs; g[wf;fzpf;fgLfpwhh;fs;. tpul;lgLfpwhh;fs;.
muR ntof;if ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.
ve;j mYtyfj;jpYk; ifa{l;Lj; juhky; vija[k; rhjpf;f KoahJ
vd;gJ vy;nyhUf;Fk; bjhpa[k; . vtbuth; tUkhdthpia xG';fhff;
fl;Ltjpy;iy vd;gJ vy;nyhUf;Fk; bjhpa[k; . vtbuth; rhjpbtwpiaa[k;
kjbtwpiaa[k; J}z;otpLfpwhh;fs; . mjw;F vd;d jz;lid juyhk; vd;W
rl;lj;Jf;Fk; bjhpa[k;.
Mdhy; Fdpaf; Fdpaf; Fl;Lfns tpGfpwnj / vd;d bra;ayhk;
,th;fisj; jpUj;j vd ntfkhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; Tl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpna
td;Kiwahsh;fshf khwptpLfpwhh;fs;. ghjpg;ngh; mwtHpg; nghuhl;lj;jpy;
Fjpf;fpwhh;fs;.
vy;yh murpay;thjpfisa[k; jpUj;jp tpl;lhy; td;Kiwapd; fhy;
clnd xoe;J tpLk;. gjtpf;fhfg; gzk; bfhLj;j kf;fis Vkhw;WtJk;
td;Kiwapd; xU TWjhnd * jd; fl;rpia tYthf;ff; Typg; gilfis
Cf;Ftpf;Fk; braYk; td;Kiwapd; ,d;bdhU Kfk; jhnd * fl;rpapd;
\yntuha; ,Ue;J ghLgl;l bjhz;lh;fisg; g[we;js;sptpl;L jk;eyd; eho
jj; j k; FLk; g j; j pdUf; n f gjtp tha; g ; g [ f isj; njoj; jUjYk;
td;Kiwapd; kWKfk; jhnd * vy;nyhUf;Fk; fy;tp bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;w bewpia kwe;J / gfw;bfhs;is mof;Fk; fy;tp epWtd';fs; ,a';f
mDkjpg;gJk; td;Kiwapd; bfh?u Kfk; jhnd *
ek; ehlL eyd;eho ,a';Fk; bjhHpw;Tl';fs; / cHt[j; bjhHpy;
ntyhz;ik / gy;fiyf; fH';fisg; ngqtij tpLj;J / gpwehl;lhh; ,';F
te;J vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; ehl;lhz;ik bra;a tHptFf;Fk; jhuhikak;
cyfkaf; bfhs;ifiaf; filg;gpof;Fk; ek; murpd; <t[ ,uf;fkw;w
braYk; td;Kiwapd; khw;W totk; md;wp ntbwd;d >
td;Kiwia xHpg;nghk; vd;W btw;wwpf;if tpLk;
murpayhsh;fns xd;W TL';fs; . c';fs; kdij cz;ika[ld; jpwe;J
fhl:L';fs; . xnu ehspy; td;Kiw vd;gJ cyif tpl;L VLk; .
elf;Fkh >

$%¬ 2010 15
 ¼y fÉijf´ ¼y gh¡f´
epHiy VRfpd;wha; *
ghy; cjl;ilr; Rl;ljdhy; nkhiuf; Tl ghtyh
gUFKd;nd CJfpd;w \l dhf ; fUkiyj;jkpHhHd;
rhy;ghd bray;bra;a Kida[k; nghJ
rhpt[fisg; ghh;j;jjdhy; cz;ik ngr
nky;fPHha;g; ghhf;fpd;wha; / Mw itj;J
bkJthff; Fog;gjw;nf bghWik ap;d;wpr;
rhy;gpy;yh tHpgw;wpf; FWf;nf brd;W
rhpe;JbgUk; gs;sj;jpy; tPG fpd;wha; *

cd;epHny cdf;Fjtp bra;a tpy;iy

vd;wjid VRfpd;w \ldhf
cd;ehtpy; gpwf;Fk; Kd; rpe;jpf; fhky;
cswpag;gpd; brhw;fspidj; jpl;L fpd;wha;
cd;fuj;jhy; cah;tjw;nf tHpapUf;Fk;
cz;ikapid czuhky; tpuy;fs; gj;ij
xd;whf ,y;iybad;nw nrh;j;jp lhky;
xUbraYk; bra;ahky; tPG fpd;wha; *

fhiyapsk; bghGjpdpik f';Fy; nghjpy;

fhqjw;nf njLfpd;w \l dhf
ghiykzy; gug;g[jdpy; nrhiyj; bjd;wy;
gfw;bghGjpy; tPRbkd;nw fhj;J epd;wha;
E}iyj;jUk; gUj;jpa[d;wd; ifapy; itj;nj
E}w;fhky; btw;Wlk;gpy; miya[ fpd;wha;
ehistUk; vdapd;W fdt[ fz;L
elf;fhky; fhypUe;Jk; tPGfpd;wha; *

16 K§fhÇ
 bjhlh;nthk;
- ,s';fk;gd;

kdpjid khw;Wk; Kaw;rpapy; njhy;tp

kiykiy aha;thpDk; - mjpy;
kdk; mah;tJt[k; - bksdk; bfhs;tJk;
kdpjj;ij czh;j;jhJ.
beLehshfj; bjhlh;e;j ,k:Kaw;rpapy;
efh;e;jpl tpy;iy klik vdpDk;
tpLtJnth ,k;Kaw;rpia vd;nw
tpiHtJ ek; flik.
brf;Fkhl;ilg; nghy; Rw;wpLk; itak;
nrh;j;jJ jd; eynk * ehk;
kpf;f Kad;wjpy; nkhJk; bjhlh;e;jjpy;
Vnjh rpy fznk *
monky; mojhd; moj;jhy; ,';nf
miktJ cUkhw;wk; - ehk;
monahojid tpl;L tpl;lhy; gpd;
miltJ Vkhw;wk;.
bjhlUk; ,e;j Kaw;rp mjw;nf
Jzpnt Jiz vd;nghk; - Mk;
,lhpYk; vjph;g;gpYk; ,utpYk; gfypYk;
bjhlUk; ,k;Kaw;rp vd;nghk; /.

ve;jg; bghUSk; ,ay;gha;

bghUs;
,Uf;Fk; nghJ mHF
,ay;g[ khWk;nghJ mHpt[ *
- ,u$if epytd;

$%¬ 2010 17
 ,LFwpg; bgah; kiwe;J
fhdfd; vd;Dk; fhuzg; bgah; epd;wJ *

giltPl;oypUe;J efh;e;J
ehrk; bra;J kz;gw;wpa nghJ ngur;rj;Jld;
kPjkhdth;fs; mlh;tdk; g[Fe;njhk; *

fha;fisg; gwpj;Jf; fpH';Ffisj; njhz;ondhk; *

bgUkuf; fpisfspy; guz;fs; fl;ondhk; *
njdHpj;Jj; jpidfs; jpd;nwhk; *

mjpfhiyapy; \';fpy; mhprpa[k;

me;jpkhiyapy; ,ira[k; vLj;njhk; *
g[s;spd';fSf;Fg; g[fl;o tpy';Ffisg; gHf;fpndhk; *

re;jd ku';fis Efh;e;J

fk;g';fHpiaj; JLg;gpdhy; fpz;of;
bfhk;gd; ahidf;Ff; ftsk; bfhLj;njhk; *

TH; fha;r;Rtjw;fhfr; Rs;sp bghWf;fpndhk; *

Fyitapl;L tdnjtijf;Fg; gyp bfhLj;njhk; *

v';fs; fhdfj;jpy;
fst[ fhkk; td;kk; vJt[k;
tpijf;ft[k; mWf;ft[k; ,y;iy *
vd;
kog;g[f; fiyahj cLg;g[ld; bgah;
caph; Fof;Fk; Ma[j';fSld;
Kfhkpl;ldh; rpg;gha;fs; * fhdfd; *
ahh; Vd; vd;W tpdtpndhk; *
murh';fk; vd;w gjpy;v';fs; - g{.m. ,utPe;jpud;
eho euk;g[fspy;
gPjpiaa[k; eLf;fj;ija[k; gPa;r;rp moj;jJ *

g[yd;tprhuid vd;w fl;Lkhdj;jpy;

rhuk; rhpe;J tPH;e;j ,oghLfspy;
,d;dk; kPl;fg;glhky; ,Uf;fpd;wd
kdpj cly;fs; *

mg;nghJjhd; v';fs;
rpWFd;Wk; tdKk; Rid ePUk;
rptg;ghdJ *

18 K§fhÇ
 bel;o nkhjpa[ilj;jJ
epy eLf;fk;…
kPz;Lk; vGfpd;wd
khspiffDk; kw;witfSk;

fiujhz;o vg;gor;
fstho mj;jida[k;
fz;Kd;dhnyna mHpj;jJ
MHpg; nguiy ..
Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjpbad epwg;gpa brhy;y
fg;gy;fSk;
tiyfnshL kPdth;fSk;
gazpf;fpwhh;fs; fly; kPjpy; …
KofpwJ...*
Mapukhapuk; caph;fis ciwapid
Rdhkp mgfhpj;jg;gpd;Dk;
fl;of; bfhs;fpwhh;fs; flnyhuk; kPz;Lk;
Foirfis
FLk;gk; elj;j… - fh. mkPh;$hd;
mqkpd; epiyaj;jhy;
Mgj;Jz;bld;W mwpe;j gpwFk;
m';nfna jhd; thGfpwhh;fs;…
brhj;Jr; Rf';fnshL

thdk; ghh;j;j g{kpbadpDk;

tpistpj;Jf; bfhs;s fhj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;
epyk; / gpse;Jf; fplf;Fk; nghJk;.
grpiag; nghf;fpf; bfhs;s…

munrh
Mz;ilnah cj;jputhjk;
mspf;fhj nghjpYk; thH;j;Jf; bfhs;fpwhh;fs;
…

vy;yhk; bjhpe;jpUe;Jk;
thH;f;ifiaj; typaj; bjhlUk; eP
vija[k; ek;g Koatpy;iybad;W
vg;gor; brhy;y KofpwJ
cd;id Kd;bdLj;Jr; bry;Yk; eP
vd;idg; ghh;j;J…

$%¬ 2010 19
 bgz;qf;F ve;j Ch; > bgah;fs;
“mk;kh / c';fSf;F ve;j CU >”
Jhpnahjdd;
“vd; Ch; vd;W
Jr;rhjdd;
vd; mk;kh Ciur; brhy;yth >
,G;bgah;fis
mg;gh Ciur; brhy;yth >
ve;jg; bgw;nwhUk;
tsh;e;j Ciur; brhy;yth >
jd; FHe;ijfSf;Fr;
thH;e;j Ciur; brhy;yth>
Nl;l tpUk;gtjpy;iy
thGfpd;w Ciur; brhy;yth>
Vbddpy;
thGg; gpoj;j Ciur; brhy;yth>
,g;bgah;fs;
ve;j Ciu
,#;lg; bgah;fs; my;y
vd; Ch; vd;W brhy;y >
J#:lg; bgah;fs;
mth; ,e;j Ch;f;fhuh;
mth; bgz;qf;F ve;j Cnuh >
- e.f. Jiwtd;
gjpy;; ,y;yhj nfs;tpak;h
xU bgz;qf;F cs;s CU *”
- eh. Rg;g[yl;Rkp

mDg;glhj fojk; brUg;ghyoj;J

,dpa jPh;j;jk; jUtij
- eh. Rg;g[yl;Rkp

,yf;fpaj; njhH * cd;nghy;

Vw;Wf; bfhs;tija[k;
cd;dhy;
Koe;jJ nghy; cd;dhy; Koe;jJ nghy;
vd;dhy; KoahJ vd;dhy; KoahJ.

cz;ikjhd; caur; bry;tJ

vd; ,yf;fy;y
vd;id mtkjpf;Fk; thdj;jpy;
xUtuhy; gwg;gij tpl
vd; gilg;g[ g[Gjpapy; fplg;gJ
cah;j;jpg; gpof;fgltJk; ,Gf;fy;y *
- nrhiy ,irf; Fapy;

20 K§fhÇ
 MLtk; / MLtk; njhHpanu *

MLtk; / MLtk; thU';fo

Mlypy; khz;g[ah; njhHpanu *
md;igg; bghHpe;jJk;
mwj;ij bkhHpe;jJk;
mHifr; Ritj;jJk;
mwpit tphpj;jJk;
mfpyj;jth; kfpH;t[w;wpLk;
mUs;gw;wpl bewpfz;lJk; jkpH; vd;W ehk; (ML )
ghLtk; / ghLtk; thU';fo
ghlypy; rPh;jUk; ghitanu
ghl;il kjpj;jJk;
gz;ig tpisj;jJk;
ghhpy; midtUk;
cwtpdh; vd;wJk;
grpapzpbahL gifapyh epyk;
,irbahLbkH tpiHt[Wk; bkhHp jkpH: vd;W ehk; (ghL)
ehlfk; MLtk; thU';fo
ey;ypay; ,irbahL / k';ifanu *
ed;;ik epidg;gth;
ed;wpf; Fhpath;
el;Lg; gaph; bra;j
ead;ikg; gFj;jwpt[
ehbl';fpYk; tPbwa;jpl
ehoj;Jah; Nof;bfhSk; jkpH; vd;W ehk; (ehl )
TLtk; TLtk; thU';fo
nfhy kzpf;Fapy; md;dtnu *
Fkhpg; g[dy; ePe;jp
TlYf;F te;jJt[k;
,kak; tiu brd;nw
Vjpyiu btd;wJt[k;
jkpHh;f;Fk; g[JthH;t[
jUk; Ml;rp tpUk;g[tJk; jkpH; vd;W ehk; (TLtk; )

$%¬ 2010 21
Book Review
jpUk';if MH;thhpd;
“bghpa jpUbkhHp
“bghpa jpUbkhHp”” The Text and Its Reading
Dr. T. Kamali,
Mother Terasa Women’s University

There is one end every text must achieve , It must make certain that it
will be read I its very existence , as it were , depends on it. Interestingly , the
text is fulfilling to purposes. On the one hand , in order to be read it must make
itself understood , it must enhance intelligibility by anchoring itself in codes ,
frames familiar to the reader . but if the text is understood too quickly , it would
thereby come to an untimely end. So , on the other hand, it is in the text's
interest to slow down the process of comprehension by the reader so as to
ensure its own merit . To this end , It will introduce noble elements , it will
multiply difficulties of one kind or another or simply delay the presentation of
expected known items .
“Cdpilr; Rth;itj; bjd;gJ [ }z; ehl;o
cnuhkk;nta;e; bjhd;gJ thry;
jhDilf; Fuk;ig gphpa[kn ; gh Jd;wd;
ruznk ruzbkd; wpUe;njd;
njDilf; fkyj; jpUtpDf; funr *
jpiu bfhs;kh beL';fly; fple;jha; *
ehDilj; jtj;jhy; jpUto mile;njd;
iekprh uzpaj;Js; ve;jha; *
(jpUk';if MH;thh; / Mwhk; jpUbkhHp / Kjw;gj;J 54/ 1-4)
bekprhuzpak;- tl ehl;L jpUtpz;zfuk;
iekprk; - nekp tpGe;J ,lk;
muzpak; - fhL
This is the place where thirumal is seen as 'Forest' itself which reveals
his form. It is in North India near Nepal. Making sense of this text requires an
integration of its elements with each other. An integration which involves an
appeal to various models of coherence . The assimilation of the text to models
is called , naturalization. To naturalize a text is to bring it into relation with a
type of discourse or model which is already , in some sense , natural and
legible. Xd;gJ thry; jhDilf; Fuk;ig is human body 'etj;thnu g[nu'
with nine gates of entry and exit. This natural and legible model has been
variously called 'codes' (rhPuk); “frame of reference” for the soul. In spite of
difference in detail, the underlying concepts seem to be similar for whole
human being.

22 K§fhÇ
 “,Lk;igapy; mlh;g;g[z; oLkpndh Jw;bwd;W
,we;jth;f; ,y;iyna vd;W
beL";brhyhy; kWj;j ePrndd; me;njh *
epidf;fpnyd; tpidg;gad; jd;idf;
fL";brhyhh; foahh; fhydhh; jkuhy;
gLtnjhh; bfhLkpiwf; f";rp
eL';fpuhd; te;Jd; jpUto mile;njd;
iekprh uzpaj;Js; ve;jha; *
(jpUk';if MH;thh;/ bghpa jpUbkhHp / Mwhk; jpUbkhHp Kjw; gj;J 55/
1-4)
Govt shivered by external threats I fall under your feet , you are my
Mother, save me is the prayer made by jpUk';if MH;thh; to god Vishnu in
iekprhuzpak; . this code is perspective of worldly miseries , a mirage of life
structures , many such fragments of miserable living experiences that have
always been already read , seen , done , experienced by everyone of every age
at every stage of life the , code is the wake of that already . This construction of
the reading process on the basis of models with which the reader is familiar is a
use of a set of frames. Which can be chronological , spatial , formal , linguistic,
logical , pseudo logical etc.
“gs;sp ahtJ ghw;f ly;yu';
fk;kp u';ftd; nga;Kiy
gps;is aha; caph; cz;l ve;ijkp
uhd td;bgU Fk;kplk;
bts;sp ahd;fhp ahd;k zpepw
tz;zd; vd;bwz;zp ehblhWk;
bjs;sp ahh; tz'; Fk;k iyj;jpU
nt';f lk;kil be";rnk *”
(jpUk';if MH;thh; / vl;lhk; jpUbkhHp / Kjy; gj;J 72 / 1-4 )
My dear heart , Go to jpUnt';flk; is the message given by
jpUk';if MH;thh; to his heart as well as to other devotees for solution. To
use a frame it seems to be , is to ground a hypothesis in a model of coherence ,
or put differently , to form a hypothesis by reference to such a model. The
dynamics of reading can thus be seen not only as a formation , development ,
modification and replacement of hypotheses . but also simultaneously as the
construction of frames , their transformation , and dismantling. Also relates
the construction of hypotheses to the integration of data .
“ePuhh; flYk; epyDk; KGJz;L
Xuhh; ,se;jspH; nky;Japy; ve;jha; *
rPuhh; jpUnt'; flkh kiynka

$%¬ 2010 23
 Muh mKnj * monaw; fUshns *”
(jpUk';if MH;thh; / gj;jhk; jpUbkhHp/ 93 / 1-4 )
I am your follower , I am your devotee , please help me , is the
obligation put forts by 'jpUk';if MH;thh;' to god Vishnu . Hence reading of
this text is a process of constructing a system of hypotheses or frames which
can create maximal relevancy among the various data of the text . which can
motivate their co presence in the text according to models derived from '
reality' from literary or cultural conversions m and the like. He is the
mountain himself , He has inclination to consider even leaf and the whole land
ocean are within HIMSELF once , Nothing in the universe remain out of this
purview and consideration . his nature is so sweet to his devotees. Each of
these hypotheses is a sort of label constituting an answer to questions such as
who am I ? what is happening around me ? what is my role ? what is the state of
affairs ? what is the situation ? what are the motives ? who is controlling
everything ? what is the purpose ? what is the stand of creator ? what is the
speaker position ? what is the arugement or the idea 'reflected' in the text ? and
so on.
“tUk;jpiu kzpePh;f; f';ifapd; fiunky;
tjhpahr; rpuhkj;Js; shidf;
fU';fly; Ke;ePh; tz;zid vz;zpf;
fypad;tha; xypbra;j gDty;
tu";bra;j Ie;Jk; Ie;Jk; ty;yhh;fs;
thdth; cyFld; kUtp
,U';fly; cyfk; Mz;Lbtz; Filf;fpH;
,ikath; MFth; jhnk *”
(jpUk';if MH:thh; / ehd;fhk; jpUbkhHp / 40 / 1-4 )
Models of coherence can derive either from ' reality' or from eternal .
Realityu models help naturalize elements by reference to some concept ( or
structure) which governs our perceptions of the world . Such models of
coherence can be so familiar that they seem natural and are hardly grasped as
models. Chronology and causality belong to this category . code of action is
based of this model. Continguity in space is another seemingly natural model.
On the other hand , there are reality models which are not grasped as natural
but rather recognized by the given society as generalizations or stereotypes , a
body of maxims and prejudices which constitute a vision of the world and a
system of values . jpUk';if MH:thh; 's devotional code belongs to this
category , and a generalization like. Sincere devotees are saved “thus helps the
reader interpret , contemporary people” as , A sincere person of devotion
definitely be saved “enable to identify who are all devotees, what is devotion ,
and how do they be saved by God , when and at what age of life ! meaningful
answers can be drown from the text by a reader .
24 K§fhÇ
Literary Article I

The classical Language , Tamil

PAZHANI EZHILMAARAN
It , our mother tongue , the primary classical language of the world ,
because of its creation of Tholkaappiyam , which is a book grammar not only
for language but also for a better life , and , Tirukural , that describes
humanism , mannerism and rationalism , swimming on admiration of
reputable scholars critics , scientists and linguistics , is our Tamizh .
Tamizh thinks of humaneness , individual's responsibility in the
society and a rulers education with character , boldness to face the difficulties ,
dedication and knowledgeable counterforce .
Tamizh helps a man not only as an instrument for exchange of views
but serves as herald in taking message from sangam literature to every corner
of the globe.
It has distinguished qualities that no other languages have like,
1. Primitive 2. Priority 3. Simpleness 4. Effulgence
5. Youthfulness 6. Opulence 7. Motherhood 8. Uprightness
9. State of being three 10. Mellifluousness 11. Singularity
12. Greatness 13. Eminence 14. Harmony
15. Purism 16. Vastness, Indispensable to a classical language .

a It has also eight beauties such as 1. Calmness 2. Comeliness 3.

Antiquity 4. Implication of lofty ideals for meaningful life 5. Feast
6. Congruity 7. Discernment 8. Deicacy
It has global wide vision and sophisticated principles so as even
learned persons of foreign languages to applaud and appreciate .
“I have not heard or I was not enlightened that the word “Virtue” has
been defined clearly by other language but Tamizh. In sanskrit the word
“Dharmam” in the place of virtue is not giving full and apt meaning”
Linguistics say according to their studies .
It expounds virtuous codes , the science of words , riches ,
graciousness bravery , nobility , boldness of poets even though they were poor
and crystal like minds of bardsin those days .

$%¬ 2010 25
 That is why prof. Max muller says / “ Tamizh is the most highly
cultivated language and possess the richest stores of indigenous literature”.
Our Tholkappiyam , dating back to three thousand years says that to
impart noble and grand thoughts and aims is the impact of the experiences
gained in the past.
Tirukural a unique treasure of our Tamizh likes to see an ideals land .
Generally we can rarely see a learned person who does not feel
mortified on others name and fame. Not only that , on seeing other gentlemen's
distress they will not care but will prepare to be happy.
Good nature , is not ?!
In those days a poet for his companions distress has taken steps to
redress his grief.
Cholan Nedunkilli thought that Ilanthathan , a poet , as spy and
arrested. Hearing this poet kovur kizhaar ran to the king and explained their
unspotted life, singing :
“With the things received , we will share and take by ourselves
without thinking to save it for future nevertheless we are in need of patrons
help and grace . We never think of doing harm to others” ( Puram 47 )
For a long time the people had had belief in rebirth or celestial life for
which they were doing charity . Here in sangam age , poet muda mosiyaar
when he praises the king aay says that aay is not a merchant of virtue who
thinks that , if done today , will be fruitful on later date ( Puram 114 )
In puranaanuru , many poets we can take to heart , because those
verses sing the sense of honour and heroism .
As it contemplates the society of culture in all possible ways of nicety
to accept by every on and all.
Really we are fortunate having Tamizh as mother tongue.
Because

Tamizh a delightful language

Tamizh Preserves the land's image
Tamizh Stands unique on the earth
The Humanity to exist with mirth
Long live Tamizh !

26 K§fhÇ
ml;ilg; glk; tpsf;fk; .
ey;y mwpt[k; / bjhHpy; jpwDk; / fiy"hdKk; cila
jpU.rpw;gp ,uFehjd; mth;fs; kiwt[ jpUg;g{h; tpflftp ,jGf;F
mth; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; kl;Lky;y ,Hg;g[ fiy ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk;
Tlj;jhd;.
mth; ,we;j bra;jp mth; gj;jphpifapnyna cld; btspapl;L
mtuJ cwt[ - el;g[f;fSf;Fk; mwptpf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ. mJ K';fhhp
,jHpd; mYtyfj;Jf;Fk; `te;jpUe;jJ. Mdhy; ehd; btspa{h;
brd;wpUe;j jhy; mth; kiwit mth; ,jH; \yk; mwpahky;
ngha;tpl;lJ.
tp#ak; bjhpe;jJk; md;dhh; tPl;Lf;F neuhfr; brd;W Jf;fk;
tprhhpj;njd;. Tlnt ,uFehjdpd; Jidtpahh; kWj;jhYk; / mth;
epidt[ epjpapy; vd; g';Fk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ntz;o +.1000
mspj;J mstpyh nrhfj;njhL jpUk;gpndd;. mth; kiwe;jhYk; mthpd;
jpwik btspaPLfshy; ekf;Fs; ,Ue;J bfhz;Ljhd; ,Ug;ghh;. mth;
g[fH; kiwahJ.
Fd;wk;.K. ,uhkuj;ek;
jiyth; jkpH;r; rpw;wpjH;fs; r';fk;

rpw;wpjH: rfhf;fSf;F
nfhitapy; jkpH:r; rpw;wpjH;fSf;bfd;nw xU thrf rhiyia
xU yl;rk; brytpy; fl;o bray;gLj;jp tUfpwJ . mt;thrf rhiyapy;
,jH:fspd; ghJfhg;g[f;Fk; ,lk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;nghJ 150 f;F
nkw; g l; l rpw; w pjH; f s; te; J bfhz; o Uf; f pwJ. c'; f s; ,jH;
mDg;gg;glhky ,Ue;jhy; mDg;gp itf;FkhW md;g[ld;
nfl;Lf;bfhs;fpnwhk;. ekJ rpw;wpjH;fshfpa rPhpjH;fspd; thrfh;fis
bgUf ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf jkpH;r; rpw;wpjH;fs; r';fk; ( jh!;dh)
M';fh';F rpw;wpjH;fs; thrf rhiyfis mikf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ
vd;gija[k; bjhptpj;Jf; bfhs;fpnwhk;.
-Fd;wk; .K.,uhkuj;ek; jiyth; jh!;dh

$%¬ 2010 27
foj ,y¡»a«
kdk; jpwe;J xUkly;
- nrhiy ,irf;Fapy;

'K';fhhp Mrphpah; kjpg;gpw;Fhpa Fd;wk; ma;ah' mth;fSf;F

tzf;fk;*
Vndh 'K';fhhp' nk khj ,jH; 129 vdf;F fpilf;ftpy;iy .
MdhYk; brhd;d e.f. Jiwad; bjhiyngrpapy; brhd;d gpwF ez;gh;
nrhiygphpadplk; K';fhhp th';fpg; goj;njd;.
E}yu';fj;jpy; ftp"h; eh.Rg;g[yl;Rkpapd; bkhl;Lf;fs; iQf;T E}y;
Fwpj;j tpkh;rdk; 12 thpfspy; Ie;J mr;RgpiHfSld; btspahfp ,Ue;jJ.
(ftdpf;f bkhl;Lf;Fs; / ,Wf;Fkjp / gpunjrg; bghUs; cs;slfj;ij /
KJy; ) mjpy; vd;id iQf;T gilg;ghsh;fspy; Kjy;thpirapy; cs;s
ftp"h; nrhiy. ,irf;Fapy; vd;W Fwpg;gpljw;F ed;wp.
,wf;Fkjp ruf;fhd g[Jf;ftpij rpWfij nghd;wtw;iw J}f;fp
itj;J bfhz;lhLgth;fs;. Vndh iQf;Tit (Jspg;git) Vw;f
kWf;fpwhh;fs;.j';fSf;F ftpijfs; Fwpj;J jdpg;ghh;it ,Ug;gpDk;
bjhlh;e;J Jspg;ghit btspapl;L tUfwPh;fs;. gpw ,yf;fpa tiffis vd;
nghd;nwhh; Kaw;rpf;Fk; nghJ mjida[k; btspapl;L mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; .
c';fs; gue;j kdk; midtUf;Fk; bjhpa[k; . iQf;Tit ,d;W gyh;
tpkh;rdr; bra;a[k; mstpw;F rpyh; ifahs;tij ehDk; mwpntd;. rKjha
eilKiwapy; fPH; nfhh;oy; jz;lid bgw;w xUtd; nky; nfhh;oy;
tpLjiy bgWfpwhd;. jPh;g;g[ jpUj;jp vGjg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; / xUth;
ghuhl;Ltjhy; xU gilg;g[ epiyg;gnjh / Fiw TWtjhy; fhzhky;
nghtnjh ,y;iy. fhyk; fle;J epw;Fk; gilg;ng epiy bgWk; . vdnt jhd;
( ehd; jPh;g;g[ brhy;yhky; ) r\fk; rhh;e;j ,thpd; iQf;Ttpw;F fhyk;
ehis jPh;g;g[ vGJk; . mJ jpUj;jg; goj jPh;g;ghf ,Uf;Fk; . vd
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;nsd;. vd;gij K';fhhp \yk; thrfh;fSf;F bjspt[gLj;j
tpUk;g[fpnwd;. ,jid btspapLk; j';fs; md;gpw;F ed;wp *

28 K§fhÇ
E}yu';fk;
! Ma;t[f; fl;Liu vGJtJ vg;go >
Kidth;. f. ,e;jpurpj;
fhkhl;rpak;kd; gjpg;gfk; /40 / rp';fg;g{h; efh; /
cLkiyg; ngl;il 642 126 / tpiy +.30
Ma;t[f; nfhl;ghLfis mwpt[f; fz;iz \of;bfhz;L
gpd; gw;Wtij tpLj;J / ek; brk;bkhHp jkpGf;fhf jdpj;Jtkhd g[jpa
jkpHpay; nfhl;ghLfis Ma;t[f;Fg; gad; gLj;jntz;Lk; . vd;w
nehf;fpy; vGjg;gl;l ,e;E}y; M.Phil , Ph.d/ kw;Wk; M.A. ( ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy;
xd;whd ) Ma;t[f;fl;Liu vGJk; khzth;fSf;Fk; /fUj;ju';fk;
Ma;t[g;gl;liwfspy; rkh;g;gdk; bra;a vGJk; jkpHwp"h;fSf;Fk;
gad;gLk; xU ey;y ifnalhf cs;sJ ,e;E}y; .
! jpUts;Sthpd; rpwe;j eifr;Rit czh;t[
fiy muR (jp . fypauh$d;)
kzpnkfiyg; gpuRuk; / j.bg. vz; .1447
7/ jdpfhrsk; rhiy / jp.efh; / brd;id 17/ +60
E}yrphpah; fiy muR jpUts;Sthpd; eifr;Rit
czh;it ekf;F czh;j;Jfpwhh;. vd;gij tpl Fwspd; Ez;zwpt[f;
TWfis etPd jkpHpy; E}jdkhd ciuahly cj;jpapy; mth;f;nf
chpa eifr;Rit eilapy; mrj;Jfpwhh; vd;W brhy;yyhk;. bkhj;jj;jpy;
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