F4109 DATABASE

SYSTEM

UNIT 2
E R MODEL
 Introduction To ER
Model
DEFINITION :

A conceptual model that

represents components in system
graphically.

THE ELEMENTS

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 ENTITY

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 Types Of Entity

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 ATTRIBUTE

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 Classification of
attributes

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 RELATIONSHIP

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 TYPES OF
RELATIONSHIP

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 NOTATIONs OF ERD
SYMBOL/NOTATION EXPLAINATION
ENTITY

ATTRIBUTE (SINGLE
VALUED)
RELATIONSHIP

ATTRIBUTE (MULTI
VALUED)
ATTRIBUTE (DERIVED)

ATTRIBUTE
(COMPOSITE)
prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my
 ONE TO ONE (1:1)
Example:
One branch has one
manager AND every
manager is appointed to one
branch
Staff_N
o Branch_No

1 Manage 1
STAFF BRANCH
s

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 ONE TO MANY (1:N)
Example:
One publisher publishes any
particular book BUT many
books may be published by
a publisher
Publisher_
No Book_No

PUBLISHE 1 Publis N
R hes BOOK

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 MANY TO MANY (M:N)
Example:
Every student can take
many subjects AND every
subject can have many
students
Student_N Subject_N

o o

M Regis N
STUDENT SUBJECT
ter

prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my

 DEVELOPING ER
DIAGRAM
The steps in developing ERD
Identify the entities. Put them into
boxes.
Add attributes into each entity.
Specify the key attributes for each
entity by underlining them.
Identify the relationship among
entities.
Add attributes into relationship if any.
For each relationship, add on the
connectivity ratio and
cardinality.
prepared by: nurizah@ict.puo.edu.my