[tIn't nrgetthe "s' with he, she and it.

[ties he work?

Helping -..em do I does + subject + 1 st nrmof-..em

FORMS

Subject + helping -..em do /does + not + 1 st nrm of-..em

He does not (doesn't) work.

~ do not (don't) work.

She doesnot (doesn't) work.

tdoesnot

(doesn't) work.

t

Used for temporary actions going on now.

The action should be important enough to comment on

this ui eek

We are having a meeting_dght now.

The action must have a beginning and an end

at the moment

We are

w ori<ing.:..:.:.

They' are

w ori<ing.:..:.:. Subject + present of 'to U:~~---~---~---- He is

be" + -ing w ori<ing.:..:.:.

form of verb

present question of helping verb: 'to be" + subject + -ing form of verb

ke we wori<ingd

Subject +

present negative He is not Osn't)_

of helping verb:

'to be" + -ing w ori<ing.:..:.:.

form of verb We are not

__ ~~~~~~~~-----------~ren't)wori<ing.:..:.:.

She is not Osn't)_

w ori<ing.:..:.:.

It is not Osn't)_

They' are not wori<ing.:..:.:.

(aren't )_ You are not

w ori<ing.:..:.:. (aren't) w ori<ing.:..:.:.

P~ POOWE!!iI!ilNE!
.. ~ .
+
... -.
t ·f t
P~st 8irTlJle Prsssnt Si ITlJ lEI Future 8i~le KEY WORDS

~

You

"WOrked.

FORM S

Subject + 2nd They_ form 01 verb 1*~:------~----"WOrked.

He "WO~d.

She "WOrked. "WOrked.

Leam the irregular verbs!

Did we w orl<?

Subject + helping verb did + not + 1 st form 01 verb

I did not (didn't)_ w orl<

He did not (didn't)_ w orl<.

We did not (didn't) W orl<.

They' did not (didn't) W orl<.

She did not (didn't) W orl<. It did not (didn't)_

W ork .

;.

f'd ... 'II....._---tr-, -----------------.,. Futul'::

Drthe past 01 the Present Pro 9 re ssi"l.E!

to saythat sorreons was in the rriddle 01 doing something at a

osrtain tirre in the past

This'lim:! last week Iwas worl<jng on the

'lfl.tJile we were ha"Jjng..2_ m:!e1ing Jane was inishing the reRort.

to show that two actions were going on atthe sarre tirre in the past

r---;;:============;:--~ .. A 4 o'dod< ~sterday"

Dr an action that was atemoon Iwas

interrupted bvanomer RreRaring Dr a m:!e1ing.:.,

action in the ast

to show that an action in the past went on Dr a longer period 011im:! or was repeated

PAST PROGRESSIVE

when + Past Simple On trture'lim:! clause)

Iwas not (wasn'tl worl<jng.:.:.:

'lfl.tJen ..bhn arri"l.E!d we were ha"Jjng a m:!e1ing, Iwas worl<jng..2..!l..

that reR0rt all

aternoon.

She said they.were ha"Jjng a m:!e1ing,

bythe firre + Present Simple On trture'lim:! clause)

atthis'lim:! + point 011im:! in trture

\.I'ItIsit worl<jng ... ?

\I'Ik were not (weren't) worl<jng.:.;,:

He wasnot (wasn't) worl<jng.:.;,:

YOIJ were not (weren't) worl<jng.:.;,:

They.were not (weren't) worl<jng.:.;,:

She wasnot (wasn't) worl<jng.:.;,:

+

connects actions that started in the past to the present

action repeated itself before now - exactly w hen is not important

I have written many' rep-orts.

action happened before I have al ready' read

now at an unspecified time L-~-~__ that rep-ort.

in the past

I have worked here for 3 Y.§ars.

----

.- _- since (+ point of time) -_-.

FORM S

Subject + Present helping verb: have + not + 3rd form of verb

We have not (baven't)_ worked.

I have not (baven't) worked

She has not (basn't) worked.

It has not (basn't) worked.

-+

They have not (baven't) worked.

Prel!lent Perfect I

.,. ..... ------1 ........ 1 - - -'~

f

~~~---t-' --~,t--~t--~~

F':3 st S Imp I€!

Future 8i iIfIle

=reeem Simple

to explain a situation

nr actions repeated o-..er a eriod oftime

Sarah has blacl< ink all o-..er herself! Yes, Ithink she has been :!n4.ng to b:the cop"y'machine .

to emphasize the length 01 an action (Progressi-..e) and sholJJ that it started in

the past and has re02!rrtly Oust) stopped or is still true nOIJJ.

r-..e been 1JJ0rl<jngk -..erten hours. r-t.1JJ it's time nr a break!

O:.es ~ur dep-arlm:!nt ha-..e training sessions here oten? 2.!:L~s. \OJ:! ha-..e been ha~ng them e-..e[Y.month nr three ~ars nOIJJ .

to ask or sayholJJ long something has been happening

to emphasize or shoui that it has been a long time

Iha-..e been r-~_____ IJJO rl<jng here n r

o-..erwo ~ars.

been

~ -,IJJ~~!~~ 1JJ0rl<jng~

Subject + Present Per1E!ct ot'to be" + -ing nrrn 01-..erb

You ha-..e

\OJ:! ha-..e

be.en Thev.ha-..e 1JJ0rl<jng~ beer:;--

1JJ0rl<jng~

Ii:! has been 1JJ0rl<jng~

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Pre se nt P e r1E! ct question 01 helping -..erb: ''to be" + subject + -ing nrrn 01-..erb

She has been 1JJ0rl<jng~

lhasbeen 1JJ0rl<jng~

Hashe been 1JJ0rl<jng ",?

Ha-..e thev.been ~g ... ?

Ha-..e lJJe been 1JJ0rl<jng ... ?

Has she been 1JJ0rl<jng ... ?

Subject + negati-..e Present Per1E!ct 01 helping -..erb: ''to be" + -ing nrm

Ii:! has not (l:!asn't)_ been 1JJ0rl<jng~

\OJ:! ha-..e not (J]a-..en't) been 1JJ0rl<jng~

---.--.~ . She has not (l:!asn't)_ been 1JJ0rl<jng~

l has not (l:!asn'tl

been 1JJ0rl<jng~

Thev.ha-..e not (l:!a-..en't )_ been 1JJ0rl<jng.:.:.;

You ha-..e not (l:!a-..en't) been 1JJ0rl<jng.:.:.;

to change the

omer01 L---~~~~

events

Past Si mRI e: He asked for the reRort and I fi ni shed it.

Past Perfect: He asked for the reRort after I had fi ni shed it.

action IJJ as completed I had fi ni shed

before another action ._------_-l~IRort by.the

or time in the past ti me he arri 'Jed.

FORMS

Subject + Past 01

helping verb: have + He had not

not + 3m form 01 OJadn't) IJJ orked ...

verb

------------:~~~=---~~----~~ __ Wehadnot OJadn't)_

1JJ0rked ...

They' had not OJadn't) IJJ orked ...

-+

. I

~ ~~4~ ~5~ ~~ ~~ ~~

f t f

P:;'$1 81t"rllle Pte~ nt Simple F inure 81 ITfII!2

action will be completed before another action or time in the future

I "Wi II have fi ni shed the rep-ort by' the ti me he arrives tomorrow.

by this time + point 01 time in future

by the time + Present Simple 0n future time clause)

when + Present Simple 0n future time clause)

We "Will have

wo~ ... They' "Will have

~S;;~~:- --:-:----:-:7""""""'_wo_rk~e_d--< .. __ . He "Wi II

r It "Will have

have worked ...

wo~ ...

Subject + futu 01 have + 3rd form 01 verb

Will he have ..:..:..;:;.:....:..:.;::=.:..~....-' ... worl<ed ... ? Will they_

have

Future 01 helping verb: have + subject~~~=========-~~:-;:==--r-,

+ 3rd form 01 verb Will it have w orl<ed ... ?

Will we

have

worl<ed ... ?

FORM S

Subject + future 01 helping verb: have + not + 3rd form 01 verb

He w ill not have (w on't have)_ w orl<ed ...

_______ :::~~~-~~----..___,_:we will not have (w on't have)_

w orl<ed ...

I will not have She w ill not have
(w on't have)_ (w on't have)_
w orked ... w orked ...
It w ill not have (w on't
They' will not have) w orked ...
have (w on't have)_
w orked ...
..
FutlI8 PBrR:lct I
.~'I.
.. . ·1 ..
f f f
Past Simple P r8 oonl 81t'fll18 Future 8itlllle. asthe past ofthe Present Pel'i!ct Progressi"JJ:!

Presert Perfect PCfmssive: Jctn still isn't ~re? I-bw I~ have Y.Q::! been ~itiOOfcr tim?

Past Perfect PCfmssive: I-bw I~. had Y.Q::! been ~itiOOfcr Jctn - befcre ~ arrived?

to errphasize or shoui that it urasa lonq tirre

I had been ~itiOOfcr tim fcr overt......-erty. mirties befcre Jctn st-Dwed !::p-=-

to errphasize the length of an action (Progressi"JJ:!) and :::how that it. started in the past and had been gOing on beDre a past action (Past Pel'i!ct)

[']J1 .. ( Dr

~R;:~'__b_e_D_re __ )

)

~ had been wcrkiOOfcr t~ can~[lY.fcr over t......-erty_~ar::: wh:!n ~ retired.

FORMS

WORDS

Subject + will +l~funmof~~==~--~----~~~~

vert It "Will 'W'Ork.

He "Will 'W'Ork.

FORM S

\fIJi1i we work?

Subject + helping vert: will + not + 1~ form of vert

He w ill not (w on't)_ work.

I w ill not (w on't)_ work

We will not (w on't) work.

They-will not (w on't) work.

She will not (w on't) work.

It w ill not (w on't)_

work.

NO"'N

,.

1 1 ·1

1

P~~~~~-------------------------~i-----------lI~. ----------~. F~u~

Used for temporary actions going on now.

The action should be important enough to comment on

this ui eek

We are having a meeting_dght now.

The action must have a beginning and an end

at the moment

We are

w ori<ing.:..:.:.

They' are

w ori<ing.:..:.:. Subject + present of 'to U:~~---~---~---- He is

be" + -ing w ori<ing.:..:.:.

form of verb

present question of helping verb: 'to be" + subject + -ing form of verb

ke we wori<ingd

Subject +

present negative He is not Osn't)_

of helping verb:

'to be" + -ing w ori<ing.:..:.:.

form of verb We are not

__ ~~~~~~~~-----------~ren't)wori<ing.:..:.:.

She is not Osn't)_

w ori<ing.:..:.:.

It is not Osn't)_

They' are not wori<ing.:..:.:.

(aren't )_ You are not

w ori<ing.:..:.:. (aren't) w ori<ing.:..:.:.

P~ POOWE!!iI!ilNE!
.. ~ .
+
... -.
t ·f t
P~st 8irTlJle Prsssnt Si ITlJ lEI Future 8i~le to ernphas ize the length of an action (P rogress we) and s h(((JJ

that it will have been going on for r--~~ He will have been

a long time before a future action work ing for the

(future Perfect) comRaDY, for over

----------------~========~--~twemY-y.ea~when

to ernphas ize or s h(((JJ that it will be a long time

~~~====J-=-~==~-

WORDS

h(((JJ long

FUTURE PERFECT ROGRESSIVE

Past Perfect question of helping verb: ''to be" + subject + - ing form of verb

Subject + negatwe Past Perfect of helping verb: ''to be" + - ing form of verb

I will not (won't)_ have been workinL

~y' the time I retire I will have een work ing for this comRaDY, for over ten y'ea~.

It will have been workinL

ave been workinL

Willi have

been Will it have

have been working ... ?

She will not (won't) have been workinL

Will we have been working ... ?

We will not (won't) have been work ing:..:..:

He will not (won't) have been work ing:..:..:

You will not (won't) have been work ing:..:..:

Th~ will not (won't) have been work ing:..:..: