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FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
Factorizacin de un polinomio
S acar factor com n
Co ns i s te e n a pl i c a r l a pr o pi e da d di s tr i buti v a :
a b + a c + a d = a (b + c + d)
E j e mplos
De s c o m po ne r e n f a c to r e s s a c a ndo f a c to r c o m n y ha l l a r l a s r a c e s
1.
x 3 + x 2 = x 2 (x + 1)
La r a c e s s o n: x = 0 y x = 1
2.
2x 4 + 4x 2 = 2x 2 (x 2 + 2)
S l o ti e ne una r a z x = 0 y a que e l po l i no m i o , x 2 + 2, no ti e ne ni ngn v a l o r
que l o a nul e de bi do a que a l e s ta r l a x a l c ua dr a do s i e m pr e da r un nm e r o
po s i ti v o , po r ta nto e s i r r e duc i bl e .
3.
x 2 a x bx + a b = x (x a ) b (x a ) = (x a ) (x b)
La r a c e s s o n x = a y x = b.
1.
x 2 4 = (x + 2) (x 2)
La s r a c e s s o n x = 2 y x = 2
2.
x 4 16 = ( x 2 + 4) ( x 2 4) =
= (x + 2) (x 2) (x 2 + 4)
La s r a c e s s o n x = 2 y x = 2
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FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
U n tr i no m i o c ua dr a do pe r f e c to e s i gua l a un bi no m i o a l c ua dr a do .
a 2 2 a b + b 2 = (a b) 2
De s c o m po ne r e n f a c to r e s y ha l l a r l a s r a c e s
1.
E je m plos
La r a z e s x = 3, y s e di c e que e s una r a z
doble .
2.
La r a z e s x = 2.
1.
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FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
La s r a c e s s o n x = 3 y x = 2.
2.
La s r a c e s s o n x = 3 y x = 2.
1.
x 4 10x 2 + 9
x2 = t
x 4 10x 2 + 9 = 0
t 2 10t + 9 = 0
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FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
x 4 10x 2 + 9 = (x + 1) (x 1) (x + 3) (x 3)
E je m plos
2.
x 4 2x 2 3
x2 = t
t 2 2t 3 = 0
x 4 2x 2 + 3 = ( x 2 + 1) ( x +
) (x
A pl i c a ndo e l t e or e m a de l r e s t o s a br e m o s pa r a que v a l o r e s l a di v i s i n e s
e x a c ta .
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e x a c ta .
FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
P ( 1) = 2 1 4 + 1 3 8 1 2 1 + 6 = 2 + 1 8 1 + 6 = 0
Di v i di m o s po r Ruf f i ni .
P o r s e r l a di v i s i n e x a c ta , D = d c
( x 1) ( 2x 3 + 3x 2 5x 6 )
U na r a z e s x = 1.
Co nti nua m o s r e a l i z a ndo l a s m i s m a s o pe r a c i o ne s a l s e gundo f a c to r .
V o l v e m o s a pr o ba r po r 1 po r que e l pr i m e r f a c to r po dr a e s ta r e l e v a do a l c ua dr a do .
P ( 1) = 2 1 3 + 3 1 2 5 1 6 0
P ( 1) = 2 ( 1) 3 + 3 ( 1) 2 5 ( 1) 6 = 2 + 3 + 5 6 = 0
( x 1) ( x + 1) ( 2x 2 + x 6)
Otr a r a z e s x = 1.
El te r c e r f a c to r l o po de m o s e nc o ntr a r a pl i c a ndo l a e c ua c i n de 2 gr a do o ta l c o m o
v e ni m o s ha c i ndo l o , a unque ti e ne e l i nc o nv e ni e nte de que s l o po de m o s e nc o ntr a r
r a c e s e nt e r a s .
El 1 l o de s c a r ta m o s y s e gui m o s pr o ba ndo po r 1.
P ( 1) = 2 ( 1) 2 + ( 1) 6 0
P ( 2) = 2 2 2 + 2 6 0
P ( 2) = 2 ( 2) 2 + ( 2) 6 = 2 4 2 6 = 0
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FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
( x 1) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( 2x 3)
S a c a m o s f a c t or c om n 2 e n l ti m o bi no m i o y e nc o ntr a m o s una r a z r a c i o na l .
2x 3 = 2 ( x 3/ 2)
La f a c t or iz a c in de l polinom io que da :
P (x ) = 2x 4 + x 3 8x 2 x + 6 = 2 (x 1) (x +1) (x +2) (x 3/2)
La s r a c e s s on : x = 1, x = 1, x = 2 y x = 3/2
P r o ba m o s po r :
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FactorizacindeunpolinomioVitutor
S a c a m o s f a c to r c o m n 12 e n e l te r c e r f a c to r .
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