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Klasifikasi Teknis
Didasarkan pada
sifat-sifat tanah
yang mempengaruhi
kemampuan tanah
untuk penggunaanpenggunaan tertentu.
Selanjutnya...........
....dalam pengertian sehari-hari, Klasifikasi
Tanah Alami dikenal dengan.........
KLASIFIKASI
TANAH
Isogenus
Tanah yg mpy genesis sama
2. Isomorf
Tanah yg mpy kenampakan yg sama
3. Isofungsi
Tanah yg mpy fungsi sama dlm lingk.
4. Isotropik
Tanah yg mpy lokasi yg sama
Perkembangan selanjutnya...
Sistem menurut Dudal-Soepraptohardjo
(1957), terus disempurnakan sesuai
dengan Sistem AS yg baru(Soil
Taxonomy, 1975) dan dari USDA
terutama dalam :
Definisi jenis-jenis tanah (great group)
Macam tanah (subgroup)
Sistem Dudol-Soepraptohardjo
(1957-1961)
Modifikasi 1978/1982
(PPT)
FAO/UENESCO
(1974)
1.
Tanah Aluvial
Tanah aluvial
Fluvisol
2.
Andosol
Andosol
Andosol
Andisol
3.
Kambisol
Cambisol
Inceptisol
4.
Grumusol
Grumusol
Vertisol
Vertisol
5.
Latosol
6.
Litosol
Litosol
Litosol
7.
Mediteran
Mediteran
Luvisol
Alfisol/inceptisol
8.
Organosol
Organosol
Histosol
Histosol
9.
Podsol
Podsol
Podsol
Spodosol
Podsolik
Acrisol
Ultisol
Kambisol
Cambisol
Inceptisol
Podsolik
Acrisol
Ultisol
13. Regosol
Regosol
Regosol
Entisol/Inceptisol
14. Renzina
Renzina
Renzina
Rendoll
Kambisol
Latosol
Lateritik
Cambisol
Nitosol
Ferralsol
Entisol
Inceptisol
Inceptisol
Ultisol
Oxisol
SUB-GRUP (SUBGROUP)
FAMILY
SERI
Nama Ordo
Akhiran Untuk
Kategori Lain
Alfisol
ALF
Dari Al-Fe
Andisol
AND
Aridisol
ID
Entisol
ENT
Dari Recent
Gelisol
EL
Gelare, membeku
Histosol
IST
Histos, jaringan
Inceptisol
EPT
Inceptum, permulaan
Mollisol
OLL
Mollis, lunak
Oxisol
OX
Oxide, oksida
Spodosol
OD
Spodos, abu
Ultisol
ULT
Ultimus, akhir
Vertisol
ERT
Verto, berubah
ORDO
Ordo tanah dibedakan berdasarkan ada
tidaknya horison penciri serta jenis (sifat)
dari horison penciri tersebut.
Contoh :
Horison penciri : argilik,KB >35 % = ordo Alfisol
Horison penciri : argilik,KB <35% = ordo Ultisol
SUBORDO
Subordo tanah dibedakan perbedaan
genetik tanah, misal : ada tidaknya sifat2
tanah yg berhub.dg : air, kelembaban, bi,
vegetasi.
Khusus Histosol, sub ordo dibedakan
Contoh :
Subordo : Udult
berasal dari Udus/udic = tanah yg
pernah lembab, singkatannya Ud.
Ud ditambah dg ordo Ultisol (disingkat
Ult), sehingga sub ordo = Udult
SUBGRUP
Dibedakan berdsr : (1) sifat inti grup & diberi
nama Typic, (2) sifat2 tanah peralihan ke
grup lain, sub ordo lain atau ordo lain.
Contoh :
Subgrup : Aquic Fragiudult
tanah tsbt memiliki sifa peralihan ke sub
ordo Aquult, krn kadang2 adanya pgrh air,
shg tmsk sub grup Aquic
Family
kaolonit, isohipertermik.
Seri Tanah
Seri tanah menunjukkan nama lokasi tanah
tersebut pertama kali ditemukan.
Contoh :
Aquic Fragiudult, berliat halus, kaolonit,
isohipertermik,Sitiung
Sitiung : lokasi pertama kali ditemukan
tanah pada kategori seri tersebut.
HORIZON PENCIRI
1. Epipedon
Horizon bagian permukaan ( horizon A),
mungkin lebih lebih tipis dari horizon A,
tetapi mungkin juga meliputi horizon B.
2. Endopedon
Horizon dibawah permukaan
ALFISOL
The central concept of Alfisols
is that of soils that have an
argillic, a kandic, or a natric
horizon and a base saturation
of 35% or greater.
They typically have an ochric
epipedon, but may have an
umbric epipedon. They may
also have a petrocalcic horizon,
a fragipan or a duripan.
ANDISOLS
The central concept of
Andisols is that of soils
dominated by short-rangeorder minerals.
They include weakly
weathered soils with much
volcanic glass as well as more
strongly weathered soils.
Hence the content of volcanic
glass is one of the
characteristics used in defining
andic soil properties
ARIDISOL
Aridisols is that of soils that are
too dry for mesophytic plants to
grow. They have either:
(1) an aridic moisture regime
and an ochric or anthropic
epipedon and one or more of
the following with an upper
boundry within 100 cm of the
soil surface: a calcic, cambic,
gypsic, natric, petrocalcic
petrogypsic, or a salic horizon
or a duripan or an argillic
horizon, or
(2)A salic horizon and
saturation with water within 100
cm of the soil surface for one
month or more in normal years.
ENTISOLS
The central concept of
Entisols is that of soils that
have little or no evidence of
development of pedogenic
horizons.
Many Entisols have an ochric
epipedon and a few have an
anthropic epipedon. Many
are sandy or very shallow.
GELISOLS
The central concept of Gelisols is
that of soils that have permafrost
within 100 cm of the soil surface
and/or have gelic materials within
100 cm of the soil surface and have
permafrost within 200 cm.
Gelic materials are mineral or
organic soil materials that have
evidence of cryoturbation (frost
churning) and/or ice segeration in
the active layer (seasonal thaw
layer) and/or the upper part of the
permafrost.
HISTOSOLS
The central concept of Histosols
is that of soils that are dominantly
organic. They are mostly soils
that are commonly called bogs,
moors, or peats and mucks.
A soil is classified as Histosols if
it does not have permafrost and
is dominated by organic soil
materials.
INCEPTISOLS
The central concept of
Inceptisols is that of soils of
humid and subhumid regions
that have altered horizons that
have lost bases or iron and
aluminum but retain some
weatherable minerals. They do
not have an illuvial horizon
enriched with either silicate clay
or with an amorphous mixture
of aluminum and organic
carbon.
The Inceptisols may have many
kinds of diagnostic horizons, but
argillic, natric kandic, spodic
and oxic horizons are excluded.
MOLLISOLS
The central concept of Mollisols is
that of soils that have a dark
colored surface horizon and are
base rich. Nearly all have a mollic
epipedon.
Many also have an argillic or
natric horizon or a calcic horizon.
A few have an albic horizon.
Some also have a duripan or a
petrocalic horizon.
OXISOLS
The central concept of Oxisols is
that of soils of the tropical and
subtropical regions. They have
gentle slopes on surfaces of
great age. They are mixtures of
quartz, kaolin, free oxides, and
organic matter.
For the most part they are nearly
featureless soils without clearly
marked horizons. Differences in
properties with depth are so
gradual that horizon boundaries
are generally arbitrary.
SPODOSOLS
The central concept of Spodosols
is that of soils in which amorphous
mixtures of organic matter and
aluminum, with or without iron,
have accumulated. In undisrurbed
soils there is normally an overlying
eluvial horizon, generally gray to
light gray in color, that has the color
of more or less uncoated quartz.
Most Spodosols have little silicate
clay. The particle-size class is
mostly sandy, sandy-skeletal,
coarse-loamy, loamy, loamyskeletal, or coarse-silty.
ULTISOLS
The central concept of Ultisols is
that of soils that have a horizon
that contains an appreciable
amount of translocated silicate
clay (an argillic or kandic
horizon) and few bases (base
saturation less than 35 percent).
Base saturation in most Ultisols
decreases with depth.
VERTISOLS
The central concept of
Vertisols is that of soils that
have a high content of
expending clay and that have
at some time of the year deep
wide cracks.
They shrink when drying and
swell when they become
wetter.