AGMA
STANDARD
System
Design for
Fine-Pitch Wormgearing
[Peblohed ly: AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
bi North Fort Myer Drive © Arlington, Virginia 22209
a Realizing the needs manifested by
4 Manufacturers Association in 1945 set
mathematics and yet must enable the d
@) Finally, it must be immediately
@) Geometric similarity, provided
satisfactory design with a minimum a
rin,
having an included angle of 40 deg,
these standard tools.
hobs for its worm gear. In developing
‘World War I created an unprecedented demand for
Many difficulties beset manufécturers of equipment employing this
standard that could be used by both designer and shop man.
() It must be simple, understandable,
scoth proportions, pressure angle, a series of lead angles and a series of pitches, alls
(2) Simplification, obtained by standardizing
In June’ 1949 this standard was designated AGMA Standa
Bas approved as an American Standard on March 22, 1950.
The 1955 revisions consist of the eliminati
} the addition of an appendix explaining the meaning of profile devia
ihe 1973 revisions consist of editorial changes and updating which brings the standard into agreement with current
Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in thelr entirety. Credit lines should read:
AGIA Standard Design for Fine-Pitch Wormgearing (AGHA 374.04), with the permission of the publisher The
'merican Gear Manufacturers Association, 1901 North Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22201,”
Cony
AMERICAN CEAR HAS
FOREWORD
Pine pitch wormgearing of an extremely high order of accuracy.
seating. Among these was lack of an adequate
experiences of World War II, the FinePitch Gearing Committee of the American Gear
Up the following objectives for a standard:
and usable by the average designer and shop man. It must not contain involved
lesigner ot shop man to arrive at the same answer as a specialist.
©) For tooling economy it must minimize different worm and wormgear combinations. At the same tine it must include
all gearing being produced now ot in the forseeable future.
(©) It must combine the best features of exist
ing wormngearing standards with special requirements of the fine-pitch field,
Applicable without upsetting existing conventions.
‘These requirements have been met by establishing the following fundamentals:
by a standard range of pitches and lead angles. This enables the designer to select a
mount of work and greatly reduces the number of tools required. By standardizing
standard fine-pitch wormgears can be
pirdveed with 615 diferent hobs. Over 14,000 hobs would be required to cover etd angles fom zero to 30 dep by sepe of
ig On a symmetrical double-conical cutter or grinding wheel, with straight sides
{or producing the worm. Tables show profile and pressure angle changes produced by
Fo) Stand blank design, for wormgeas to reduce vinnecessry variations. The values given in Table 4 are useful in
.. s2ecifying tolerances on worm thread profiles. They also aid in selecting
the method for producing a worm and in specifying
this table formulas evolved by Ernest Widhaber and Allan H. Candee were adapted to
of the throated worm blank, improvement of tables, editorial changes and
“Extracted
ht, 1973, by
(UFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
ted in USA.
aon
rd System 374.01, “Design for Fine-Pitch Wormgeating,” and 6 i Personnel of,
Fine-Pitch Gearing Committee
‘Technical Division
January, 1973
C.E, Adams, Chairman, International Business Machines Corp., Endicott, New York
BLE, Berlinger, J, Quaker City Gear Works, Inc., Bethayres, Pennsylvania
D.L. Borden, The Falk Corp., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
HP. Clack, Geartronics Corp., North Billerica, Massachusetts
W.J. Crotty, Jr, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Baltimore, Maryland
P.M. Dean, Jr., Mechanical Technology Inc., Latham, New York
J.P, Dombrowski, International Business Machines Corp., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
E.D. Ervay, Gleason Works, Rochester, New York
F.R. Estabrook, Jr., Precision Molded Gearing Corp., Norwood, Massachusetts i
FJ. Garesi, Ametek/Lamb Electric, Kent, Ohio
B.W. Harsiman, Fellows Corp., Springfleld, Vermont ‘
W, L. Jenninek, Ilinois Too! Works Inc., Chicago, Hlinois
W. R. Kunkel, Boston Gear Div,, Rockwell Intemational, Quincy, Massachusetts
J.C. Leming, Arrow Gear Co,, Downers Grove, linois
K.W, MacCormac, Gear Technologies, Inc., Bloomfield, Connecticut
LD. Martin, Rochester Gear, Inc, Rochester, New York
J.R. Mihelick, Reliance Electric Co., Columbus, Indiana
1.M, Olchawa, Litton Precision Gear, Division of Litton Systems, Inc, Chicago, Ilinois,
HLL, Olmstead, Franklin Electric Co, Inc., Bluffton, Indiana
W.E, Pergande, Ilinois Tool Works Inc., Chicago, llinois a
Gerd Reinig, Gould & Eberhardt Geer Machinery Corp., Worcester, Massachusetts
F.E, Seymout, Winsmith Div. of UMC Industries, In., Springville, New York i
+ ELE, Shipley, Mechanical Technology Inc., Latham, New York
W.L. Shoulders, Reliance Electric Co., Columbus, Indiana
J.L. Smallwood, Smaltwood & Son Machine Co., Dallas, Texas
1. J, Smith, Invincible Gear Co., Detroit, Michigan
HE. Speary, Kodak Apparatus Div., Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, New York
Gary Vesey, Illinois Tool Works Inc., Chicago, Minois
AGMA Standards and related publications represent minimum or average date, conditions or application. They are subject
{0 constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to AGMA technical
Publications should satisfy himself that he has the latest information available from the Association on the subject matter. INDEX
= Subject
1, Introduction
2, Scope and Limitation
3. Tooth Form of Worm
4. Proportions of Worm and Wormgears
5. Tolerances
6. Backlesh
17. Profile Deviations and Pressure Angle Changes
8, Examples of Worm and Wormgear Calculations
Appendix A — Explanation of Profile Deviation in Worm Threads
Appendix B— Formats for Worm and Wormgears
Appendix C — Bxplanation of Terms Used in Woringear Specifications 1. Introduction
11 This standard fs intended as a design procedure for
{fine-pitch worms and wormgearing, Fine pitch wormgearing
Is segregated from coarse-pitch wormgearing fr the follow.
ing reasons:
a) Tooth strength, except at the coarser end of tie
Sine-pitch range, is less important than durability and
aceuracy.
b) Because of their small size, profile deviations and tooth,
contact pattems cannot be determined to the same
degree of accuracy as those of coarsepitch worms and
wormgears.
«) Wormgear cutting equipment generally available for
fine-pitch gears has definite restrictions which limit the
diameter and lead range, degree of accuracy and kind of
tooth contact obtainable.
) Special consideration must be given to top lands in
ine-pitch hardened worms and in gear-cutting tools.
¢) In fine-pitch worms and wormgears, inter-changeability
and high production are important factors.
Individual matching of the worm to the gear, a3 is
frequently practiced with coarse-pitch precision worms,
is impractical in the case of worms of fine-pitch.
} £) The methods of production and inspection of fine-pitch
Wormgears are generally different from those of coarse
pitch.
2.Scope and Limitation
21 This standard covers worms and wormgears with axes
At right angles, comprising cylindrical worms with helical
thieads, the wormgear being developed for conjugate tooth
F surfacss, Tt does not include helical gears used at worm
pears,
[22 This standard is limited to the case where the hob for
Producing the gear is a counterpart of the mating worm in
‘egard toils tooth profile, number of threads, and lead. The
hhob dimension differs from the worm principally in that
the outside diameter is larger to allow for resharpening and
to provide bottom clearance in the wormgear,
AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
2.3 PitchRange, Standard axial pitches are:
Inches Inches Inches Inches
0.030 0.050 0.080 0.130
0.040 0.055 0.100 0.160
24 This pitch range has been established because it has the
following advantages:
2) Adequate coverage.
1b) All pitches are divisible by 10 or 5.
©) Rational increase from one pitch to another based on
‘geometric series rounded out for practical reasons.
4) Ease of remembering.
25 Axial pitch has been selected as a basis for this
standard for the following reasons:
8) Axial pitch establishes lead whichis a basic dimension in
producing and inspecting worms.
') Axial pitch of the worm is equal to the cizcular pitch of
the wormgear in the central plane
9) On commonly available wormproducing equipment,
‘only one set of change gears or one master Tead cam is
required fora given lead, regardless of lead angle.
4) It conforms with well established practices in determin-
ing load ratings.
2.6 Lead Angle of Worm. The lead angle should not exceed
30 deg to facilitate tool and production equipment. Lead
angle may essume any value up to 30 deg as required to
meet center distance and gear ratio specifications, This
standard includes tables using standerdized lead angles for
applications where the design requirements are fess
restrictive.
2.7 Pressure Angle of Worm. The pressure angle of the
cutter or grinding wheel for producing the worm is 20 deg,
The normal pressure angle produced in the worm will
actually be slightly smaller, and will very with the worm
diameter, lead angle, and diameter of cutter or grinding
wheel. Exact values for the decrease in pressure angle are
given in Table 4,
AGMA 374.04 ~ April, 1973, AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
28 The 20 deg normal pressure angle has been selected
because, within the range of the standard, it avoids
‘objectionable undercutting regardless of lead angle,
(29 Diameter Range of Worm. The minimum recom
f mended worn pitch diameter is 0.250 in. and the maxi
[mum is 2.000 in,
G 210 Values of diameter for all posible combinations of
lead and lead angle within this standard ate given in Table
2. This table also gives the number of threads foreach led,
+211 Length of Threaded Portion of Worm. One of the
factors that determines the length of the worm is the design
of the wormgear blank, This has been taken into account in
EA} the formula given in Table 1.
3. Tooth Form of Worm
[34 The shape of the worm thread in the normal plane Is
k lefined as that which is produced by a symmetrical
‘a j double-conical cutter or grinding wheel ground or dressed
vith straight elements.
_ 32 Worms and wormgears are so closely related to their
fj method of manufacture that it is impossible to specify
3g, “early the tooth form of the wormgear without referring to
gthe mating worm. For this reason, the specifications of
worms should include the method of manufacture and the
Aiemeter of the cutter or grinding wheel used. Likewise, for
feietermining. the shipe of the generating tool, proper
information about the method of producing the worm
fj veads must be given to the manufacturer. Unless this is
done, the tool cannot be correetly designed.
33 An alternate tooth control method is to specify the
‘mating worm part number on the wormgear drawing and to
specify that the wormgear teeth must be conjugate with 2
‘master mating worm under standard mounting conditions,
3.4 The worm profile will be @ curve which departs from a
straight line by varying amounts, This departure varies with
Worm diameter, lead angle, diameter of cutter or grinding
wheel or rolling die (see Table 4). The tooth form of the
Wormgear is understdod to be conjugate to the mating
worm thread.
4. Proportions of Worm and Wormgears
41 Hardened worms and cutting tools for wormgears
should have adequate top lands. The addendum and whole
depth proportions are, therefore, based on the normal
circular pitch of the worm and wormgear. This convention
automatically results in sufficient top lands for all worms
and cutting tools regardless of lead angle or axial pitch,
Table 3 gives the tooth proportions based on normal pitch
for all combinations of standard axial pitches and lead
‘angles. Proportions and definitions of worms and worm-
gears are given in Table 1. The pitch relations ae expressed
by the following formulas:
PoP,
Py cos = p cosy AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
Table 1 Proportions of Fine-Pitch Worms and Vormgears
P= circular pitch of womgear
Py = axial pitch of worm
Pp = normal cizeular pitch of woom
and womgear
a number of threads in worm
N= number of teeth in womngear
“A. = lead angle of wom
Y= helix angle of wormgear
Worm Dimensions Yorngeat Dimensions
Term Syabol_| Formula (in) Tem Symbol | Formula (In)
Lead 7 |@Ps Pitch Diameter D [amen
’ Pitch diameter 4d |1+(ntan dy | Outside diameter Do | 2C~a + 22
q ofthat aioe Fy 2- oF
Data Relating to Worm aad Wormgear
‘Term ‘Symbol | Formula (la.)
Blends «| O51 Py
Whole depth By | 0.7003 Py +
0.602
Working depth Ba | 0.6365 Pp
Clearence © | bee be
Tooth thickness tn | 0.5 Pp
Approximate normal
pressure angle (see de | 2 deg.
Par. 2.7)
Center distance c 0.5 @+D)
“Te AGMA 374.04 — April, 1973 AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
5. Tolerances
5.4 The inspection of fine-pitch worms and wormgears &
covered in Section 10 of AGMA 370.01, “Design Manual
for FinePitch Gearing.” Tolerance values are given in
AGMA 390.03, “AGMA Gear Handbook—Volume !~Gear
Classification, Materials and Measuring Methods for Unas.
sembled Gears.”
fe 6. Backlash
© 64 In fine-pitch wormgearing, the desired backlash is
produced by thinning the worm threads by a suitable
amount. The wormgear is cut so that its tooth thickness
and space width are equal at the standard pitch diameter,
17. Profile Deviations and
Pressure Angle Changes
7.1 In wormgearing, tooth contact is usually used as the
means to judge tooth profile accuracy, because profile
measurement on either the worm or the wormgear is not
practical. Section 10 of AGMA 370.01, “Design Manual for
FineFitch Gearing,” states the amount of the required
initial area of contact between finepitch worms and
wormgears. In the production of worms, the diameter of
the cutter or grinding wheel used affects the worm pressure
angle and profle. The pressure angle and profile produced
by the cutter is different from that of the cutter itself. The
differences depend on several factors; namely, diameter and
lead angle of the worm, thickness and depth of the worm
thread, and diameter of cutter or grinding wheel.
72 Table 4 gives the difference in departure from a
| straight side of the worm profile and the changes in
[pressure angle produced by cutters or grinding wheels of 2
} in. and 20 in. diameters,
7.2 These ‘cutters and wheel diameters represent the
common range in general use. The values given in Table 4
| are useful in specifying tolerances on worm-thread profiles.
They ako aid in the selection of the method for producing
the worm and in specifying the hobs for wormgears. Since
the values for lead angles smaller than 4 deg are too small to
~ be of any practical use, they have been omitted. Figure 3
ilusteates diagrammatically the values given in Table 4
f/ 7.3 The calculations for Table 4 were based on the
following formulas:
__ sings i
Pa
+ 1 Sai QQ
Pa = Pai t=
4 R cos?
b¢ = 540 7 sin} X 3)
n ReostAtr
q Fased, @
=
re o)
Bs = (04) - 4 dap) 0.000291 ©
Where
Pri = radius of curvature of normal thread
profile for involute thread
1 = pitch radius of worm
¢,, = normal pressure angle of cutter or wheel
= lead angle of worm
F,, = radius of curvature of aotmal thread
wo profile
R= radius of cutter oc grinding wheel
Ag = difference between the normal pressure
of thread and the cutter pressure
angle in minutes
2 = number of threads of worm
a = slant distance
2 = addendum
Y= departure from straight side.
7.4 These formulas are approximations, likewise the tabu-
lations in Table 4; however, they have been checked
experimentally for extreme cases and the discrepancies have
been found negligible forall practical purposes.
78 Formulas (1) and’ (2) are transformations of E.
Wildhaber’s original formulas in which the symbols have
been changed to AGMA and ANSI standard symbols.
Formula (3) was derived by Allan H. Candee**
“Wildhaber, E., American Machinist, May 1, 1924, p.
648.
*Candee, Allan H., Jounal of Applied Mechanics,
Dee, 1944, p. A248,
~8- AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
TABLE 2 DIAMETER RANGE OF WORK
38
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DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
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DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
+ 7.6 Current practices for producing fine-pitch wormgear
blanks do not require throating. This results in a much,
simpler blank as shown in Fig, 1, which is quite similar to a
spur or helical gear blank, ‘The sight loss in contact can be
ignored since it adds little to the load carrying capacity of
fine-pitch wormgears.
7.7 Mt Is sometimes desirable to use topping hobs for
producing wormgears which are required to have close
control of size relation between the outside and pitch
diameters. In such cases the blank is made slightly lager as
shown in Fig, 2. Topping of wormgears should not be used
without due consideration of the increased tooling cost.
78 The difference between the outside diameter Dp and
blank diameter D,,, will vary with the pitch, Usually 0.005
0 0.010 topping stock allowance on a side is sufficient,
7.9 When wormgears are topped they will appear to have a
‘small throat which is the result of the bobbing operation.
For all intents and purposes this throating is negligible and
‘blank so made is not considered to be, perse, a throated
blank.
Fig. 1 Wormgsor Blenk without Topping Stock
B= Wd 20
£6 win
-n-
Where
Dy = outside diameter of wormgear
C= center distance
4 = pitch diameter of worm
addendum
mum face width of wormgear
= outside diameter of worm
clearence
‘oven sro
2. Wormgecr Blank with Topping Stock
8, Examples of Worm and Wormgear Calculations
8.1 Three examples have been included to assist the
designer in using the standard. Examples 1 and 2 are
self-explanatory and merely tabulate the steps followed in
determining the proportions of a particular application. The
third example explains the use of Table 4. The changes in
pressure angle and profile deviation® covered in this table
are those resulting from the use of either a 2in, cutter or
. grinding wheel. These two diameters are the most
AGMA 374.04 ~ Apeil, 1973 AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARIN
© common. For worms produced with grinding wheels or
cutters of other diameters a means of obtaining a close
interpolation ofthe differences is given in Example 3.
| "See Append A for an explaation of profit deviation.
182 The pressure anglé and profile deviation should be
* considered with respect to the tooth contact and, therefore,
© load-carrying capacity desired, For example, with 2 14-deg
lead angle, the maximum 27 is 0.0002 in,-which is too
smpal in most cases to requite a correction, This amount is
within the Grade A hob tolerance, With lead angles as great
18 30 deg, the deviation is usually too greet to be neglected
and the actual values of Sy and Ay may be found by the
method shown in Example 3,
Z
é
8.3 Example 1
Given or assumed
Ratio 10,00 1
Axial pitch (P,) = 0.160 in
Lead angle (AX) = 30 deg.
Center distance = Approx. 3 in
To determine:
Design of worm and wormgeat.
; ~ ik
: f
i Cutter or Grinding —. Ss Nomal protite of
tect Prete thread produced wi
ees
sree
(@) Carvatvee Ettect
Solution:
From Table 2, it can be determined that there are eight
possible worm diameters that will satisfy the given condi-
tions of lead angle and pitch. These worms will have from,
three to ten threads,
84 In order to satisfy the conditions of 3-n, center
distance, however, the worm pitch diameter cannot be
smaller than 0.8821 in, This diameter and the given ratio
establish = 10 and.’ = 100.
15 im) Py = 1.6000 in. (Table i)
d= 0.8821 in, : (Table 2)
Ney)
D =—* = 5.0930 in. (Table 1)
Dig ae
c= PRE = 2.9876 in
Py = Py cos h= 0.1366 (Par. 17)
© = 0.31831, = 0.0441 in (Table 3)
(Table 1)
Nomet pressure anata
SF thread proaiced
Gending tnect
7
NY
/
Ret a ~Y/ oma peesure wale
crenseaeae
sling cutter
© (a) Pressure hngie Ettect AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
departure of normal worm profile: from
straight side when produced with a
Din, diameter curver
departure of normal, worm profile from
seraight side when produced with a
20-in, diameter grinding wheel
y 729 ~ % in inches
difference between pressure angle of
Zin, wheel of cutter and the pressure
angle which is produced in the normal
plane of the worm in minutes 7
difference beewcen pressure angle of
20-ia. wheel or etter and the pressure
angle produced in the normal plane of
. the worm in minutes
effect of A¢y - Ody along slant
height. of ‘worm “thread (Fig. 3) in
inches .
(Table 1)
(Table 3)
0.7003 P,, + 0.002 in. = 0.0990 in.
0.0882 in.
= 0.6366 Py, (Table D
by # 0.0108 in. (Table 2)
P,/2= 0.0693 (Table D
4, = ath
9703 (Table D
% -d+2a = 5.1812
Laas fd, #26)" = (4, = a
Fy = ¥d,2=07 (Table D
8.5 The results of the preceding calculations may be
summarized as follows:
Worm Dimensions
Fig. D
(Fig. D
1.3458
Term ‘Symbol se
INuinber of threads 2 10
Lead angle r 30 dex.
Axial pitch P, 0.160
Normal pitch Py 0.1386
Pitch diawerer a 0.8621
Outside diameter dy 0.9703
Lead 1 1.600
Length ofshzeaded portion | Fy 1.3458
7 -B-
‘Wormgear Dimensions
Term Symbol Bigadc
Number of eeeth N 100
Circular pitch 0.160
[Normal circular pitch Py 0.1386
Pitch diameter 5.0930
Oucside diameter Dy 5.1812
Face wideh Fg | 0.5602
Data Relating to Worm and Wormgear
Dimension
Teen Symbol | Pineas
Normal pressure angle ty 20 deg.
Addendum e 0.0441
Whole depth by 0.0990
Working depth Ln 0.0882
Clearance e 0.0108
Tooth thickness ty 0.0693
Center Distance ¢ 2.9876
8.6 Example 2
Given or assumed:
Ratio 50 t0 1
Axial pitch (p,) = 0.050
Center Distance = approx. 0.550 in,
To determine:
Desiga of worm and wormgear.
Solution:
Assuming n = 1, it can be determined from Table 2
that there aze six possible lead angles which will
satisfy the given axial pitch. These lead angles range
from 0.5 deg co 4.0 deg. In order to satisfy the con
dition of 0.550 in. approximate center distance, @
worm of suitable diameter will have a 3-deg’ lead
angle. Then,
AGMA 374.04 ~ April, 1973
AssannAe AGMA STANDARD
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING €
@ = 0,3037 in, (Table 2) Wormgear Dimensions
N Term Symbol
p= ABs = 027958 able») sa
ty Number of teeth Ny
ce Bee = 0.5498 in Circular pitch P
. Normal citculas pitch Py
1 = mP, = 0.0500 in, \ able) | pitch diameter D
P, = Py cos d= 0.0499 (Par, 19) | Outside diameter >, 0.8277
Face width F 0.2405
@ = 03183P, = 0.0159 in. (Table 3) ¢ €
by = 0.7003 Py +0.002 in. = 0.0370 (Table) et diel :
=a Syabar | Dimension
by = 0.6366 P,, = 0.0318 (Table D = fa)
Normal pressure angle 20 deg.
© = by by = 0.0052 (Tebte 1) nears = i
Addendum a 0.0159
4, = P,/2 = 0.0250 in. (Table 1) ‘Whole depth & 0.0370
dy = d+ by = 0.3355 in. (Table | Working depth *% oo | @
Clearance e 0.0052
Dz = 2C~d+20=0.8277 Fig.)
Tooth thickness ty 0.0250
Fg = Lia ld, +20) Center distance c 0.5498
Fig.)
88 Example 3 — Use of Table 4
Table 1) Given or assume
8.7 The results of the above calculations may be sum-
marized as follows:
Worm Dimensions
Tem Syatot | Pinension
Nunber of threads a 1
Lead angle R 3 deg.
Axial pitch P, | 0.050
Normal pizeh Pp, | 0.0499
Pitch diameter a 0.3037
Outside diameter 4, | 0.3355
Lead ! 0.050
Length of cheaded potion Fy | 0.2276
Worm dimensions are the same as used
in Example 1. €
Number of threads (n) = 10
Axial piteh(P,) = 0.160
Lead angle (Q) = 30. deg.
‘To determine:
The comections to be made for two worms, one railed
by a 3.in, cutter and the otherground by a 16-in. diameter
wheel, both to be assembled with identical wormgears.
Solution:
From Table 4, 47%. 294 = 0.00057 and 889.29 =
100088. Bry 1g A8d ng we fond OF he
following proportional approximation:
> = 2 ad 20
yD 0.500 and 0.050
-ue i AGMA STANDARD *
DESIGN FOR FINE-PITCH WORMGEARING
AUD )z29 = 0.450 ds546 = ed 0.00058 = 0.00035 in.
D 3 ad 16
yo = 0.333 and 0.0625 89 Therefore, to make identical worms when using a 3-in.
‘cutter and a 16-in, wheel, the pressure angle must be
AW/DIg = 0.2708 corrected by the amount 4¢5 44 and the profile of the
cutter or wheel must be a euive which departs from &
Dyn F 0.00057 in. straight line by the amount 45,16.
As2.20 0.00058 in.
The subscripts 3.29 and 5.45 denoté the 2-and 20-in. diameters H
0.00057 = 0.00034 in. nd the 3-and 164n. dametet, tespectvely. i
® S516
=e ‘AGMA ‘374,04 ~-April, 1973
as TABLE 4 PROFILE DEVIATIONS (IN INCHES) AND PRESSURE ANGLE CHANGES (IN MINUTES)
beg Lead Angie
$-0eg Lead Angle
mB Ya AY Pi ty SY Mm, doy AS
Geso0 1 d-B9001 0.on00k 0.00006 0.4300 1 0.00009 0 00092 0,90000 pa.2 9.0 0.90000
5 °:Bpg00 °cSoper °es0e4 4 °-Beeoz °: 9868: °:88e00 88:3 8:0 °c eee0e
3 Tenoon ‘0000 3 ceasor 98001 “29800 98:3. 6.0. “onses
2 tonsa “sooee i “Bont “ogee 9953 6:8. “oseoe
§ 181008 “00080 3 ‘80000 Tooa03 9013 9:9 “ossee
£ 2030e0. “ezane i 20009 190908 83:1. 0:8 “boos
$ 280000 190908 $ «8000109399 G91. 0:0 “boone
2 “e00e0 “ee000 3 96000 090 90:1 8:8 “o8con
5 7Boee0 “B3p00 3 sHoo09 [o0930 Bort 5:9. “boose
a8 “enoco “30000 16 lesee0 ‘oeeoo leoea¢ 911 6:9 e0G00
‘.caco 10,0000: 0.00908 vous 3 0,00093 0.00603 0.90300 9912 9.0 0.ob000
5 Scep90t e868 4 °-GH662.°°8088% °-t0009. 89:2 9:9 “soveue
3 renee “008 3 teteer 'oeoo! “ea00 39:2 8:9. “enea
2 “e000 Zooeno 2 EEE ‘2ose: ‘eassa 99:2 9:0. :cosue
5 ‘ep0o Seoane §
2 “Sones “soos °ceoeae Gia 9:3 5 peoee Seno? 3
5 9508 103098 2 en “Banag 3
i See07 “eoae3 2 ca “Bases 3
; 0g 0908 2003 $ lbeety “B3e08 3
: eased “20008 ‘oe i toes ‘Beans
; Sees ceonoe 290998 § ooe Boone
i 993.‘ eoa08 “28384 & ‘gee “Boene
; ‘seoe3 “eooee “23384 $85) 'eeene 03
18 Tossot “eo003 0008 “oo00e 18 Teosb2 80008. “boess HaDey Lead Angle
009 Led Anate
Sail
aT
P,_ Yo Py to BY AD, AD yy 38
7 0.0083 0.90022 0.00008 : T0360 i T.ab0a 6.0000) v.ooece —er-g baz C.bOKe
3 -ee0it 3 2 "oo0ai “:Qo022 “canes 4:3 8:2 “:S0001
3 “0007 3 3 1888H8 SGooie 0003 5 $ 199008 ‘0005 “o000s O4c4 a.2 Loooar
3 ‘00003 4 & ‘3008 "99005 ‘eucoo 81:3. ¢:2 bono!
$ “0002 1 $ ‘boe0 ‘90005 ‘e000: G1-3.€-2 evan
8 000 1 18 [00008 00008, “Ooeee 01.3 9:2 “ooues
4 99029 12 9.3 90001 | 0.0400 1 0.00056 0.00058 0.90002 02.0 0.2 0.00004
3 reais 32 O12 Ceooar 2 °n9089 *:bo0as °-t0002 02: 6:3 °coaoo1
3 “sens 2 0:1 TosoaL 3 Toots ‘e001 ‘0000s 1:9 0:2 “oco0L
i “0007 33 6:4 ‘owas % 182013 ‘eoots 9000: e4:3.9:2 eoa0:
3 18306 31 Oh Tooeer § 00019 “001i ‘a0oss 4:8 0.2, Logoot
3 “9008 32 0:2 Toooat To000a 100009 “tose: oie 0°? “oeu0t
$ “aoae a O° “Boon: } ‘ooo? Top008 ‘oaoe: O1:7 12 eco0
3 “a003 So. 0:1 Loo0tt 2 ‘9006 00007 ‘ecc0: o1:7 8:2 e000:
5 “003 "00:1 Zbeea: $ Toa00s 100096 ‘bev “oo0zs “oovoe ences
16 Too010 To0os2 Stoeu2 oa “0008 18 “00018 00032 “00008 ‘ao0es
0.0680 1 0.00359 0.00263 0.00005 8-8 9.5 0.00005 || o.0650 4 0.00286 0.00293 0.00007 0.00008
2 “looove ““o008; “00008 8:8 9:5 °- 0005 2 200139 ““ooaxe ° 00007 eo008
J eo0u9 “consi “000s Ge:3 0:5.
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