Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This is to certify that Md Hachnayen Ahmed, a student of BSCE program at IUBAT International University of Business Agriculture and Technology has successfully completed his
internship on Construction process of steel building, at I-Mart Engineering Ltd from
15May, 2013 to 15August, 2013. He has submitted a copy of his project report to the Director of
the company. He is permitted to submit this practicum report to IUBAT to fulfill the academic
requirement.
..
Engr. Md. Abu Rayhan
Managing Director
I-Mart Engineering Ltd
Acknowledgement
In the process of preparation of my practicum report, I am very thankful to the Almighty who
made be able to complete my research and the practicum report.
In this connection I would further like to pay my gratitude and respect to certain personalities for
their immense help and enormous co-operation herein.
First of all I would like to pay my gratitude to our respected Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam,
Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, IUBAT, who gave me the opportunity to do the
report on Construction process of Steel building.
Then I would like to pay my gratitude to all the employees of I-Mart Engineering Ltd. who
helped me immensely, especially, Engr. Abu Rayhan, (Managing Director), who allowed me
to conduct my practicum work under his company, afterwards, Engr. Morad (Factory
Engineer) to guide me through my internship period and made me able to understand different
aspects of Steel Building Fabrication and Erection and prepare this report successfully, and
Tanzir Rahman (Finance Officer)for Guiding me about project works and construction
expenditure procedures.
After that I would like to thank my honorable supervisor Engr. Md. Anisur Rahman (TiTU) ,
Faculty, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IUBAT, for guiding me entirely, making me able to be
precise about the report work and be presentable with the required knowledge I have gained
throughout this practicum period.
In fine, I would like to thank our respected Vice-chancellor of IUBAT, Prof Dr. M Alimullah
Miyan because of creating such a wonderful environment for learning through which I got the
opportunity to acquire knowledge under BSCE program, and that will be very helpful for my
ensuing prospective career.
II
Table of Contents
Letter of Transmittal...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
STUDENTS DECLARATION.................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... II
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... V
Chapter-01: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.2
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
General ........................................................................................................................... 18
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.2
5.2.1
5.3
5.4
Delivery .......................................................................................................................... 28
5.5
5.5.1
Storage ........................................................................................................................ 29
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Housekeeping ................................................................................................................. 33
6.6
6.2
6.3
6.4
Structural Stability.......................................................................................................... 45
6.5
6.6
Connections .................................................................................................................... 45
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
Decking .......................................................................................................................... 46
6.11
6.12
Problems ......................................................................................................................... 53
7.2
Solutions ......................................................................................................................... 53
IV
Abstract
The Steel Building Manufacturer produces high quality, pre-engineered metal buildings.
However, these buildings become structures only after erection. This report has been prepared
showing the erection of the buildings. It is a summary of the techniques in use in the metal
building industry, which is believed to be most representative of good erection practices. These
procedures and methods are by necessity general in nature. The erector should always,
especially in special circumstances, use proven and safe erection methods. The objectives of
this report are to show the civil engineers responsibility in the erection process of steel
building. Here I have showed the process of steel building erection process maintaining proper
safety & security. Structural stability is a very important thing of steel construction. I have
shown the pre erection procedures. While the building is being fabricated, numerous preerection plans can be made to simplify the buildings erection. Access to the site, Foundation,
Foundation layout has been discussed briefly in this report. Quality installation is essential to
complete the structure to the satisfaction of the building stability. This includes the checking
and success observation during the erection of the metal building also discussed in this report.
C O M PA N Y PR O FI L E
OF
I-MART ENGINEERING LTD.
HEAD OFFICE: HOUSE # 105 (3RD FLOOR), ROAD # 07, SECTOR # 04, UTTARA,
DHAKA - 1230, BANGLADESH. www.i-mart.com.bd
VI
VII
Chapter-01: Introduction
1.1 Synopsis of I-Mart Engineering Ltd
I-Mart Engineering Ltd designs and manufactures each building individually. Our top priority is
to deliver the most cost effective and highest quality metal building on the market today. Close
attention is paid to engineering and erection detail. This ensures our customers' complete
satisfaction in construction of the building and its durability through the years. For cost effective
reason we can design your pre-engineered building according to any existing standard material
available in the local market. So we are extremely versatile in engineering aspects.
I-Mart Engineering Ltd has been launched to design; manufacture, built and marketing prefabricated steel building in Bangladesh. The building shall consist of all primary and secondary
structural members, connection bolts, canopies, roof extension, sheeting, trim flashing, doors,
windows, fasteners, gutters, downspouts and other miscellaneous item and accessories as
specified, shown or mentioned in this guide. For the premium quality and customized design
solutions, I-mart Engineering Ltd. Its manufacturing plant located at Uttar khan, Dhaka. Due to
this location specific convenience, the factory enjoys several external economies of scale such as
constant supply of industrial energy line, large road transportation hub, availability of physical
labor for labor intensive tasks and finally the availability of industrial security, which is a large
factor in the production of any product or service in Bangladesh. Additionally, the I-Mart
Engineering Ltd beliefs on sustainability have led to a company policy that emphasizes
environment preservation. I-Mart Engineering Ltd work on projects that include experiencing
green cover, reducing effluents and emission, maintaining local ecological and improving long
term coronate sustainability.
Company Name
Address
Telephone
:
:
:
:
Uttara, Dhaka-1230
+8801612IEL001-10,+8804475007557info@imart.com.bd,
:
:
imartengineeringltd@yahoo.com
www.i-mart.bd.com
:
:
:
:
210-201-8931
18,00 MT/Year
E-mail
Website
Factory
Address
Type of
Company
Principal
Bankers
VAT
Registration
Number
Income Tax
File Number
FactoryAddress
Production Capacity
No. of
Employees
Scope of Work
Board of Directors
:
:
:
PopyBhowmick, Director
Quantity
16 Nos.
05 Nos.
02 Nos.
10 Nos.
10 Nos.
20 Nos.
20 Nos.
05 Nos.
02 Nos.
10 Nos.
08 Nos.
08 Nos.
02 Nos.
02 Nos.
10 Nos.
08 Nos.
08 Nos.
01 Nos.
01 Nos.
16 Nos.
03
04
05
06
Components
Primary Members :
Built-up Section
Secondary Members:
Purlin & Girt (M. S.)
Roof, wall Sheeting &
Fascia Sheet.
(Pre-Painted)
Fastener
Standard Anchor Bolts
High Strength Bolts
Specifications
M.S. Plate - ASTM A570 50. Minimum yield strength
=345 Mpa
Rolled Formed steel. Minimum yield stress 250 mpa.
Hi-Tensile 0.47 mm thick Steel Profile Sheets with
min. yield strength of 550 N/mm2 coated with an alloy of
55% aluminum, 45% Zinc, coating mass shall be 150
gm/m2. ZincAlume Steel ASTM A 792M Grade 345B,
AZM 150 Fy = 34.5 kN/cm2
Imported heavy duty Hex head self-taping screws with
new prime seal washer
JIS G3101 SS 400, Fy = 25.00 KN/cm2
A325 M Type 1 Hot Dip Galvanized
Address
Type of Supplied
1.
Name Of Supplier
BOC Bangladesh Ltd.
2.
Kleenheat Gas
3.
Gulshan-2, Dhaka.
4.
746, west
shewrapara,Rokeya
Sharani Dhaka-1216.
5.
Tejgaon I/A,Dhaka.
Oxygen
Gas
6.
7.
M/S R. Rahman
Hardware
Saidabad, Jatrabari,Dhaka
8.
Abdullahpur,Tongi
Diversion Road.
Diesel
9.
DESCO
Banani, Dhaka
Electrical Energy
Location
Project
Area (Sft)
01
3000
VALUKA
02
6000
03
2000
ZIRANI
BAZAR
GAZIPUR
Tongi, BSCIC
Sl. No.
01
02
Name of Directors
Qualification
Chairman
Managing
Director
Director- Finance
& Admin
B.Sc. in Civil
Engineering
B.A (Hons) in
English
Director- Supply
Chain
M.B.B.S
03
04
Designation
Popy Bhowmick
B.Sc. in Electrical
and Electronics
Engineering
Year of
Experience
10 Years
11 Years
04 Years
03 Years
Name of Clients
02
Confidence Group
03
04
05
Jahangirnagar University
06
07
08
Radiance Group
Radiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Gemcon Food & Agricultural Product Ltd.
Sl.
No
Project
Area (Sft)
Location
01
2515
02
38000
03
04
4500
Dhaka
05
3500
Bogra
07
9000
Tongi, BISIC
08
Renovation Work
GARMENTS LTD
44621
Valuka
09
7000
Tejgoan , Dhaka
10
6500
Tongi
11
12
13
14
15
for
TM
TEXTILES
Chittagong
&
Tejgoan, Dhaka
VALUKA
2500
Savar, Dhaka
15500
Narayanganj
VALUKA
4500
Narayangonj
Renovation
Work
of
AJKER
KAGOJ
3
5
6
10
11
12
13
2000
Bangladesh Ltd.
Roof
Area (sft)
Project
13000
Location
Tejgoan, Dhaka
Mohammadpur,
Gaptholi
Tongi, Gazipur1710
Jirani,Savar
Habirbari,Bhaluk
a, Mymensingh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Frame composed of corner columns, wind columns, flush girts and rafter sections, which is
designed to carry one-half bay loading, also referred to as Light End wall.
Brace Angles/Rods
Angles or rods primarily on Roof and sidewalls or RF (Rigid Frame) or BC (Beam & Column)
buildings for transferring wind force to foundation and aiding in plumbing the structure.
Bridge Crane
A material handling system usually within a building which moves longitudinally on a runway
constructed of rails and beams.
Bridging
Structural members used to give weak axis stability to joists or purlins.
Built-Up Member or Section
A structural member, usually an I section, made from individual web, flange and
base plates by welding them together.
Built-Up Roof
A roof composed of layered felt or jute, saturated with tar, with each layer set by mopping a hot
tar or asphalt.
Butt Plate (or Splice Plate)
The pre-punched end plate of a structural member which usually rests against a matching plate of
another member in forming a bolted connection.
By-Framed Girts
Girts which overlap at outside column flange to form a continuous member. C Section A
member cold-formed from steel coil in the shape of C used primarily in bearing frame end
walls and framed openings.
Camber
A predetermined curvature designed into a structural member to offset the anticipated deflection
when load is applied.
9
Canopy
Any overhanging or projecting structure with extreme end usually unsupported.
Cantilever
A projecting beam that is supported and restrained at one end only.
Caulk
To seal and make weather tight joints, seams or voids by filling with a waterproofing compound
or material.
Channel
An open-ended C shape with no return lips, which may be either cold-formed or hot-rolled
Clip
A plate used for fastening several members together.
Clip Angle
An angle used for fastening various members together.
Closure Strip
Sealant material formed to match either inside or outside wall or roof panel configuration used at
base, eave, rake or accessory locations to provide closure against the elements.
Cold-Formed
Various shapes such as angles, channels, girts and purlins, formed from steel at room
temperature.
Column
A vertical structural member
Continuous Gift or Purlin
Gift or purlin that overlaps at columns or frames to form a continuous member. Continuous
Ridge Vent Series of roof ventilators connected to each other located along roof peak line.
Corner Column
Corner column (usually a C shape) located at the corner of a bearing frame end wall.
Corner Trim
10
Preformed sheet metal trim used to close the junction of side and end wallsheets.
Curtain Wall
Perimeter wall panels which carry only their own weight..
Eave Height
The vertical dimension from finished floor to top of eave strut.
Eave Strut
Structural member at the eave to support roof and wall panels; also transmits forces due to wind
on end wall from roof brace rods to wall brace rods.
Erection
The on-site assembly of pre-engineered components to form complete structure.
Erection Drawings
Drawings prepared specifically for each building, showing piece mark, and location of all
components.
Expansion Joint
A break of space in construction to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.
Fixed Base
A vertical structural member, bolted to and positioned at 900 to a sidewall column to provide
additional base fastening and to prevent column rotation.
Flange
The projecting edge of a structural member.
Footing
A pad or mat, usually concrete, located under a column, wall, or other structural member, used to
distribute loads from the member into supporting soil.
Foundation
The substructure on which a building rests.
Frame
11
Primary structural members, made up of columns and rafters, which support the secondary
framing.
Framed Opening
Opening in a wall, roof or floor that is framed with secondary members.
Gauge
Thickness range of steel (24, 26 etc). Distance between holes punched in flanges, base or splice
plates.
Galvanized
Zinc-coated steel.
Girder
A main horizontal or near horizontal structural member that supports vertical loads.
Girt
A secondary horizontal structural member attached to sidewall or end wall columns to which
wall covering is attached and supported horizontally: usually a cold-formed Z shape.
Gutter
The member used to collect and carry rain water off the roof.
High Strength Bolts
Any bolt made from steel having a tensile strength in excess of 100,00 pounds per square inch
(PSI). Some examples are ASTM A-325, JIS 11.86.
High Tensile Steel
Structural steel having a yield stress in excess of 36,000 pounds per square inch.
Intermediate Bay
A Distance between two main frames within a building.Other than end frames.
Joist
Beam for supporting the floor or roof.
Nibbler
Al electric hand tool used to cut steel roof or wall sheet openings.
Parapet
That portion of the wall which extends vertically above the roof line to form a fascia-type
appearance to hide roof slope.
Purlin
A secondary member, usually cold-formed horizontal structural member located in the roof to
support roof panels, that is itself supported by the primary structural framing. Generally, purlins
in Kirby Buildings overlap at frames to form a continuous design.
Rafter
A fabricated primary structural member with parallel flanges that extends from haunch to apex.
Any beam used in a primary frame to support purlins.
(RF)-Rigid Frame
A clearspan structure. Characterized by tapered columns, tapered haunches and rafter beams.
13
Name
Qut.
Description
1
2
Screw Guns
Sheet Metal Nibbler
2
1
Electric Drill
Electric Drill
10
Portable Generator
11
12
Socket Wrenches
13
Spud Wrenches
14
15
16
17
18
Stapler Gun
With staples
19
Hammers
20
21
Drift Pins
Heavy Duty
22
Hack Saw
23
Chokers
3/8
14
16
17
For proper building erection, it is critical the foundation is square. The following examples are
practiced to ensure square foundation.
18
19
20
Fig: Checking of anchor bolts as per drawing (using tape & slide calipers)
21
22
23
allow any trapped water to drain away and permit air circulation for drying. Puddles of water
should not be allowed to collect and remain on columns or rafters for the same reason.
End wall materials were laid out for each end (end column & rafters).
Main columns and rafter at the sides
Nuts and bolts are placed in suitable place (ensuring the easy access)
Purlins and girts, depending on the number of bundles, are usually stored near the
sidewalls clear of other packages or parts.
Sheet packages are usually located along one or both sidewalls off the ground and sloping
to one end to encourage drainage in case of rain.
Accessories are usually unloaded on a corner of the slab or off the slab near one end of
the building to keep them as much out of the way as possible from the active area during
steel erection.
Wall and roof paneling and other components which will not be used in the initial stage
of erecting the steel are placed to the outside of the work area and properly stored and
protected from weather.
Each part is numbered for quick identification
27
5.4 Delivery
Company takes every precaution to ensure that material is delivered to the customer damage free
and fully protected from the elements during shipment. When the material is delivered to the
customer it then becomes the customer's responsibility to protect the material from the elements,
possible theft, and other damage. The following guidelines are practiced:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
surface of the panels over an extended period can severely attack the finish and reduce the
effective service life. Therefore, it is imperative that all panels be inspected for moisture upon
receipt of the order. If moisture is present, dry the panels at once and store in a dry, warm place.
5.5.1 Storage
It was recommended that sheets be stored under roof if at all possible. As sheets were to be
stored outside, the following precautions was observed:
Leveling and location of storied area so as to minimize handling.
In case of bare ground, placing of plastic ground cover under the bundles to minimize
condensation on the sheets from ground moisture.
Marinating at least 12 inches above ground level to allow air circulation beneath the
bundle and to prevent damage from rising water.
Waterproof cover was placed over the bundles to allow for air circulation under the
cover.
Inspecting stored bundles daily and repair any tears or punctures in the water proof cover.
Re-cover opened bundles at the end of each workday to prevent subsequent moisture
damage.
29
30
Chapter-06: Safety
6.1 Health and Safety Management System
The purpose of a Safety Management System is to identify, assess, and control workplace
hazards. To be effective, the following essential components were done:
Prior to starting work, all workers have attended a structural steel erection best practices review
for the project. A review document was understood and signed as accepted.
Weekly safety meetings was continued to held and the prime contractor always be kept
informed, in writing, about discussions and issues that may affect safe erection of steel (e.g.,
weather conditions [such as wind], access, site conditions).
Employers and workers must ensure that this equipment is used whenever a worker is
exposed to the relevant hazard.
All PPE complied with standards referenced in the OSHA.
Additional PPE is supplied as required for various tasks.
Pant legs and laces must be tied or taped to avoid tripping hazards.
6.5 Housekeeping
All supplies, such as bolts, shims, Dunn age and debris storied in proper containers and
set away from areas where they can pose tripping hazards.
No loose bolt and nuts were leave lying on steel or on ground.
Ongoing cleanup was performed
35
36
Once the base plate of the column touches the connection point, bolt down.
Lower the frame onto the anchor bolts. Watch for pinch points
Placed the beams, bracing according to the plan to make the large frame.
Once the frame is lifted off the ground and the crane has the complete weight, provide the
signal to the operator not to stop the lift until the load settles. Once the load settles,
proceed to signal the crane operator to move the frame into position.
After the base plate of the column touches the shims, put the washers and nuts on the
anchor bolts.
38
Fig: Check the security of the column before releasing the rigging.
39
Rigging were attached in the center of load using the appropriate chocker
Signal the crane operator to lift beam
Adjust the crane line (by signaling the operator) to remain above the rigging point of the
lift as the beam is being raised.
After the beam is lifted off the ground and the crane has completed the weight, lift was
stopped until the load settled.
After the settlement of the load, lift operator were signaled to move the crane into
position.
Beams were attached to the supporting structural members (columns) using sufficient
number of bolts
To ensure the structural integrity before weight of load is placed on the connection plates,
sufficient numbers of welding were confirmed.
Columns sufficient load were ensured before installing members.
After checking the structural stability of the member, chocker was released from the
member.
41
42
Walking on the coated structural steel were strictly prohibited as it is slipper then the
normal primed steel.
Tried to avoid the shear connector, where possible as that create tripping hazards.
6.6 Connections
During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load should not be released from
the hoisting line until the member is secured with at least two bolts per connection, wrench tight.
Secondary members must have one bolt wrench tight.
Welder was certified, qualified and experienced to perform the work involved.
Welder was employed by the I-Mart
All welding is performed by two experienced persons.
45
Worker always told to stay out of the danger zone whenever moving equipment.
All good, materials and equipment were stacked, storied and secured such a way they do
not flow, move, roll or collapse.
Worker responsibility for stacking, storing or securing goods, materials and equipment
was indicated before.
6.10 Decking
No bundle was packaged or strapping designed for hoisting without any special design.
No decking loads were allowed on the steel joist until erectors has confirmed that bridging is
installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends are attached.
46
Construction Process
48
49
50
7.2 Solutions
Solutions to the problems discussed above are discussed below:
After discussing with the client we have decided to provide pc (purlin cleat) to increase the
height.
For maintaining the alignment of the Column we have some cutting of RCC works and then
recast.
For sheeting problem, it was not possible to make a new sheet immediately, and we have just
change the sheeting alignment. Providing long sheet where necessary and without cutting or
trimming we just use the whole sheets accordingly. And finally the problem was solved.
53
Chapter-08: Conclusion
Steel construction is considered as a process that involves many related activities. The basics of
metal building erection, from the primary structures to the secondary structures, have been
covered in this report. I have briefly encapsulated the basic sequence of events from construction
site planning through erecting a Metal Building. Many other phases, such as mechanical,
electrical, interior finishing and landscaping need to be done to finish and complete most
projects. Although there are many other events, procedures, and essentials that are involved in
the erection of a metal building. Responsible personnel, experienced in rigging and handling
light steel members in a safe manner should complete the layout, assembly, and erection of the
metal building. Improper handling can easily result in injury, delays and unexpected added costs.
54