Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(.6)
-09
.. 2558
5
..2558
.6 09 5 1
Concrete Formwork
5
(Concrete Formwork )
2558
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1
1
3
3
2.
2.1
4
4
3.
3.1
3.2
16
16
19
4.
4.1
4.2
38
38
45
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
59
59
59
60
61
62
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
CEB CIRA
k (CEB)
(...)
APA
4
6
8
13
13
14
22
23
25
25
1.1
1.2
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
15
. 17
.
18
19
21
(Stringer)
22
24
K factor ( ...)
26
27
28
30
30
36
45
45
45
46
Concrete Formwork
46
46
47
47
Basin 4
48
Basin
48
COUNTERFORT
49
Ogee Spillway
50
51
Spring Clip
57
4.15
58
1
1.1
20
2520
1:50,000 5343 III 839-862 17-02 32 101-40
00 1
-
(Outlet) (River Outlet) (Spillway)
2558
1.1
2558
1.2
5
(Concrete Formwork )
(1)
(Concrete Formwork)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
1.3
1.2
/
1.2
2558
2
2.1
2
2.1.1
1)
(2.1)
WT WDc WDf WL
WDc
1,700 ./.3 2,700 ./.3 ACI Comite Euro-International de Beton ( CEB )
2,400 ./.3 CIRA 2,500
./.3
WDf
15 ./.2 75 ./.2
50 ./.2
WL
3
200 ./. 500 ./.3 ACI 245 ./.2
CEB CIRA 2.1
WT
( ./.2)
0 0.20
0.20 0.30
0.30 0.60
> 0.60
100
150
200
250
2558
2)
. ACI-347 ACI
347
Type I
4 ( 10 . ) 4 ( 1.2 . )
2 ./.
8.0 R
(2.2)
P 0.078
(TC 17.8)
2 ./. 3 ./.
11.7
2.49 R
P 0.078
(2.3)
(TC 17.8)
(TC 17.8)
( ./.2 )
R
( ./. )
TC
( )
H
( . )
0.98 ./.2
Ph = H ; = 2,400 ./.2 ) 0.29 ./.2
P
Ph
P=h
(2.3)
P
( ./.2 )
(./.3)
h
( . )
Ps =2,400kR+500
(2.3)
2558
( ./.2 )
(./.)
2.2
2.2 (CEB)
(.)
2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00
k
()
10
15
20
25
1.10
0.80
0.60
0.45
1.45
1.10
0.80
0.60
1.80
1.35
1.00
0.75
2.10
1.60
1.15
0.90
5
1.45
1.90
2.35
2.75
30
0.35
0.45
0.55
0.65
Pa =300R+10,000d+1,500
(2.3)
(./.2)
(./.)
(.)
2.1.2
1) ( Flexure )
2.3
( Flexural Stress )
fb
Mc M
; f b Fb
I
S
(2.4)
fb
Fb
M
c
I
S
( ./.2 )
( ./.2 )
( .-. )
( . )
( .4 )
( .2 )
2558
2) ( Shearing )
2.3
wl
2
(2.5)
5wl
8
(2.6)
w
l
( . )
( ./. )
( . )
VQ
Ib
(2.7)
Q
I
b
( ./. )
( . )
1 ( .3 )
( .4 )
( .)
3V
2bd
(2.8)
2558
2.3
Vmax
(.)
M max
( .-. )
( . )
wl
wl 2
2
wl 4
8EI
wl
2
wl 2
8
5wl 4
384EI
5wl
8
wl 2
8
wl 4
185EI
5wl
8
wl 2
10
wl 4
145EI
wl
2
wl 2 wa 2
8
2
wa l 3
a3
a 2 l
4 EI 6
2
max
b
d
( ./. )
( . )
( . )
( . )
w
L 2d
2
(2.9)
5w
L 2d
8
(2.10)
V
bw d
(2.11)
bw
d
( ./. )
( . )
( . )
( . )
3) ( Tensile )
fs
T
At
(2.12)
Ft 0.60 Fy
Ft
F//
F .S .
(2.13)
(2.14)
fs
At
Ft
( . )
( ./.2 )
(.2 )
( . )
2558
F//
F .S .
10
( . )
( . )
4) ( Compression )
AITC
Fa
0 .3 E
L / d 2
(2.15)
Fa
E
L
d
( ./.2 )
( ./.2 )
( . )
( . )
Fa
( L / d ) 50
American Association State Highway and
Transportation Officials ( AASHO )
Fa 1,120 0.021L / r
( Riveted Ends )
Fa 1,120 0.027L / r
(Pinned End )
2
(2.16)
(2.17)
Fa
L
r
I
A
( ./.2 )
( . )
(r I / A ) ) ( . )
( .4 )
( .2 )
11
(2.18)
Fa
10,000,000
; L / r 132
(L / r)2
(2.19)
Fa
L
r
I
A
( ./.2 )
( . )
(r I / A ) ) ( . )
( .4 )
( .2 )
5) ( Deflection )
ACI
5wl 4
384EI
(2.20)
max
wl 4
128EI
(2.21)
( . )
( . / .2 )
(. )
( . / .2 )
( .4 )
max
max
w
a
E
I
( Lcr )
( L / 360)
2558
12
Lcr 0.60 x3
E
w
(2.22)
Lcr 0.71x3
E
w
(2.23)
2.1.3
3-4
2-4
15
( , 2540 )
-
-
-
1 10 ..
-
1)
)
2.4
2558
13
2.4 ( ... )
( ./.2)
78,900
94,100
112,300
136,300
189,000
( ./.2)
60
80
100
120
150
( ./.2)
45
12
60
16
75
22
90
30
110
40
( ./.2)
8
10
12
15
) American Plywood
Association (APA) Class I Class II Structure I
2.5 ( L / 360)
2.5 APA
( /. )
( ./.. )
( /. )
( ./.. )
( /. )
( ./.. )
Class I
1,930
135
80
5.6
1,650,000
115,500
Class II
1,330
93
72
5.0
1,430,000
100,000
Structure I
1,930
135
102
7.1
1,600,000
112,000
) A-36
American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM ) 2,520 ./.2
4,000 - 5,600 ./.2 20 %
2,400 ./.2 3,200 ./.2
2,400 ./.2 4,100 ./.2 23 %
... 1003-18
AISC
)
4 B
2558
14
2 C 2 BC
D
2.6
2.6
B , C , BC
D
( )
3/8
1/2
( .. )
0.50
0.90
( . )
3,000
4,000
( . )
2,100
2,800
( . )
18 31
25 - 36
2.1.4
(http://www.vpcgroup.co.th/)
1)
SAFETY FACTOR ()
-
-
Live Load
-
Dead Load
-
Bearing Capacity
2558
15
2)
..2512
2.1
(: www.jirarot-sk.co.th)
2558
16
3
3.1
3.1.1
1)
47 QQU 825-860 1:50,000
5343 III 839-862 17-02 32 101-40 00
(1)
59,592 24,912 (
) 34,680
(2) 6.30 ../
(3)
604.00 30.80 +298.50 (.) +293.50 .(.)
2,750 48.984 ..
35.807 .. Core Zone 96,070 .. Random Zone 249,780
.. 345,850 .. (Zoned Type Dam)
(Core Zone)
(Impervious Soil) (Shell Zone Random Zone)
3.1 ()-()
2558
17
(Core Zone)
(Random Zone)
Chimney Drain
Blanket Drain
Rockfill Toe
(Bedding)
()
()
3.1 .
(Spillway)
57.36
(+293.50 ..)
(Over topping) 1,160
.. +296.44 ..
105 (Control Point) (Chute)
2558
18
3.2 ()-()
()
()
3.2 (Spillway) .
3.1.2
,
2
2558
19
3.1.3
,
3.2
2 (Horizontal Formwork System )
(Vertical Formwork System)
11.77 .
3.3
2558
20
1) ( Plywood )
)
- = 0.30 m.
)
- = 245 kg/m2
- = 2,400 x 0.70 = 1,680 kg/m2 ( 2,400
kg/m3)
- = 50 kg/m2
- -- = 15 kg/m2
= 245+1,680+50+15 = 1,990 kg/m2 > 450
kg/m2 ((+ ) 450 kg./m.2
600 kg./m.2 )
) ()
- 3/4 19 mm. ( I = 0.199 in4 (8.28
cm4), S = 0.455 in3(7.46 cm.3), Ib / Q = 7.187 in2(46.37 cm.2), 2.20 psf., Fb = 1,545 psi =
108.62 ksc., Fs = 57 psi = 4.01 ksc., E = 1,500,000 psi = 105,452.91 ksc. ))
)
-
Fb
Mc M wL2
SFb
(7.46)(108.62)
, L 3.16
3.16
20.16cm.
I
S 10 S
w
(1,990 / 100)
-
wl 4
L
EI
(8.28)(105,452.91 )
, L 0.743
0.743
35.27cm.
145EI 360
w
(1,990 / 100)
- Shear
Fs
Fs
VQ 0.625 wLQ
Ib
4.01
,L (
)( ) (
)(46.37) 14.95cm.
Ib (8.28 x100)
0.625w Q
0.625 x1,990 / 100
20.16 cm.
20.00 cm. 3/4 19 mm.
3.4
2558
21
19 mm.
3.4
2) (Joist)
)
- = 0.30 m.
- .107, HS41: Fy = 2,400 ksc.; Fu = 4,100 ksc.
) (1,990 kg/m2)
- = wA = 1,990 x 0.30 = 597 kg/m. ( 3.4 )
)
3.1
[] 38 x 38 x 1.60 mm. ( I = 4.92 cm4, S = 2.59 cm.3, A
= 2.264 cm.2, 1.78 kg./m.)
)
-
Fb
Mc M wL2
SFb
(2.59)(0.6 x 2,400)
, L 3.16
3.16
43.26cm.
I
S 10 S
w
(1,990 / 100)
-
wl 4
L
EI
(4.92)(2,040,000 )
, L 0.743
0.743
58.90cm.
145EI 360
w
(1,990 / 100)
- Shear
Fs 0.4 Fy
93.85cm.
,L
(1,990 / 100)
2dt w
w
Aw
2558
22
(Joist)
43.26 cm. (Joist) 43.26 cm.
30 cm. [] 38 x 38 x 1.60 mm.@ 0.30 m.
3.4
3.1
3) (Stringer)
A
3.5 (Stringer)
2558
23
)
- = 0.90 m.
- . 107, HS41: Fy = 2,400 ksc.; Fu = 4,100 ksc.
) (1,990 kg/m2)
- = wA = 1,990 x 0.90 = 1,791 kg/m = 1,791/2 =
895.5 kg./m ( 3.5 )
)
3.2
5.2.4
-
Fb
SFb
Mc M wL2
(27.95)(0.6 x 2,400)
3.16
142.11cm.
, L 3.16
w
I
S 10 S
(1,990 / 100)
-
2558
24
wl 4
L
EI
(139.73)(2,040,000 )
, L 0.743
0.743
179.72cm.
145EI 360
w
(1,990 / 100)
- Shear
Fs 0.4 Fy
355.05cm.
,L
(1,990 / 100)
2dt w
w
Aw
142.11 cm. 142.11 cm.
90 cm. [] 100 x 100 x 2.30
mm.@ 0.90 m. 3.5
4)
1.20 m.
3.6
)
- 1.70 m.
- = 1.20 x 0.90 =1.08 m.2
- . 116, Fe 24 ( Fy = 2,400 ksc., Fu = 4,100 ksc.)
) ( 1.08 m.2)
- = 1,990 x 1.08 = 2,149.20 kg. say 2,500 kg.
= 2,500 /2 = 1,250 kg.
)
- ( A ) = Fc /(0.60 Fy ) = 1,250/(0.60 x 2,400) = 0.87 cm.2
- Pipe A = 0.87 cm.2
2558
25
2558
26
)
(1)
- K - hinge K = 1.0 ( 3.7)
- CC = KL / rmin = [(1)(1.70 x 100)]/1.41 = 120.56 < 200 (
)
-
2 ES 2
Fy
CC
<
=129.46
( FAC )
2558
27
Specification
3.8 Specification
3.8
2558
28
3.9
2558
29
1)
2.5 , 2
, 10 , 30 ,
2,400
)
.1 ( CEB)
.1.1
P = 2,400H = 2,4002.5 = 6,000 ./.2
.1.2
= 2,400 kR + 500 = (2,4000.652)+500
= 3,120+500 = 3,620 ./.2
.1.3
= 300R+10,000d+1,500 = (3002)+(10,0001.00)+1,500
= 600+10,000+1,500 = 12,100 ./.2
Min [6,000, 3,620, 12,100]=3,620 ./.2
.2 ( ACI-347)
.2.1 2 ./.
P 0.078
8.0 R
(TC 17.8)
Ph
)
: Class I 15 . ( 135 ./.2,
1 3 2.5 24 3 9 .
2558
30
3.10
.1
.1.1
Fb
6M
bd 2
Wl 2
10
2
6
36.20 xl
135
2
100 x1.5 10
37 .
.1.2
l
L
wl 4
( E Class I = 115,500 ./..)
360 128 EI
128 EI
l3
360W
(128 x115,500 x 28)
l3
(360 x36.20)
31 .
30 .
l
.2
.2.1
Fb
6M
bd 2
Wl 2
10
( Fb = 80 ./..)
2558
31
6
0.30 l 2
80
3
,
620
x
2
100 10
3.75 x7.5
51 .
.2.2
l
L
wl 4
( E = 94,100 ./..)
360 128 EI
128 EI
l3
360W
(
128 x94,100 x132)
l3
(360 x36.20 x 0.3)
74 .
50 .
l
.3
9 . 2,100 .
= /
= 2,100/3,620
= 0.58 ..
= /
= 0.58/0.50
= 1.16 . ( Factor = 0.6x1.16 = 0.69 .)
60 .
.4
1 () , 60 (cos60 = 0.50)
.4.1 ( = 50 ./..)
=
( wind .loadxLxH )
(cos 60 o )
.4.2
= 0.25 .
=
2558
32
.4.3
10 %
= 2,400 x 2.5 x1x1x0.1x1 = 600 ./.
= 600/2.5 = 240 ./.
= 240 / cos60 = 480 ./.
0.3E
l
d
3.75
.5
.5.1
Wl 2
10
3,620 x 0.32
= 130 ./.
M
10
M
S
= 130100/80 = 162.5 .3
Fb
.5.2
L
wl 4
360 128 EI
60
36.20 x60 4
233 .4
24 S x =87.4 cm.3, I x =444 cm.4
2 S x =174.8 > 162.5 cm.3 OK. 2 I x =888 cm.4 > 233 cm.4 OK.
I
2558
33
15 .
9 . @ 0.60 .
1 3 @ 0.30 .
24
@ 0.50 .
Pmax
con
1 3
@ 0.50 .
2.00 .
2.50 .
3,620
1.00 .
./.2
3.11
)
: Steel Sheet 4.5 .,
5050 ., 50100 ., 9 .,
1,200 ./.., 2106 ./
..
.1
.1.1
6M
Fb 2
bd
Wl 2
M
10
( Fb = 1,200 ./..)
2
6
36.20 xl
1,200
2
100 x 4.5 10
33.45 .
.1.2
L
wl 4
360 128 EI
( E = 2,000,000./..)
2558
34
128 EI
360W
(128 x 2,000,000 x0.76)
l3
(360 x36.20)
l3
24 .
20 .
l
.2
.2.1
Fb
6M
bd 2
Wl 2
10
( Fb = 1,200 ./..)
2
6 3,620 x 0.2 l
1,200
2
5 x5 100 10
455 .
.2.2
l
L
wl 4
( E = 2,000,000./..)
360 128 EI
128 EI
l3
360W
(128 x 2,000,000 x52.08)
l3
(360 x36.20 x 0.2)
172 .
100 .
l
.3
9 . 2,100 .
= /
= 2,100/3,620
= 0.58 ..
= /
= 0.58/1.00
= 0.58 .
60 .
.4
2558
35
1 () , 60 (cos60 = 0.50)
.4.1 ( = 50 ./..)
=
( wind .loadxLxH )
(cos 60 o )
.4.2
= 0.25 .
=
.4.3
10 %
= 2,400 x2.5 x1x1x0.1x1 = 600 ./.
= 600/2.5 = 240 ./.
= 240 / cos60 = 480 ./.
Wl 2
10
3,620 x 0.2 2
= 14.48 ./.
10
M
S
= 14.48100/1,200 = 1.20 .3
Fb
M
.5.2
L
wl 4
360 128 EI
60
36.20 x60 4
=
360 128 x 2,000,000 I
2558
36
11 .4
50100 . S x =22.46 cm.3, I x =416.67 cm.4
2 S x =44.92 >1.2 cm.3 OK. 2 I x =833.34 cm.4 > 11 cm.4 OK.
I
9 . @ 0.60 .
4.5 .
5050 . @ 0.20 .
10050 . @ 1.00 .
Pmax
con
prop pipe
@ 1.00 .
2.50 .
2.00 .
3,620
./.2
1.00 .
3.12
2)
) Conventional Wood
.1
= 380
.2
= 5,300
= 5,300/
= 5,300/2.5
= 2,120
.3
= 2,500
2558
.4
37
= /2
= 2,5002/2.5= 2,000
= 2,400
) Conventional Steel
.1
= 380
.2
= 7,200
= 7,200 /
= 7,200 /6 = 1,200
.3
= 1,500
= / 2
= 1,5002/6 = 500
.4
= 2,400
2558
38
4
4.1
(Concrete Formwork) Basin 1.00 12.50
45
1. 1 12.50 45 2
2. 2 /, 30
, 2.5
3. B 15 ,
1 3 2 4 9
4. 4.5 ,
5050 10050
9
5. 1,000 /, 500 /
300 /
6. 1 , 15 , 2
2558
39
4.1.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. (Sheathing)
1.1 B
1.2
1.3
2. (Strut)
2.1 1 3
2.2
2.3
3. (Waler)
3.1 24
3.2
3.3
4. (Tie-Baes)
4.1
4.2
4.3
3,620
12.50
1.00
2.50
2,250
380
380
30
2,120
2.50
50
2,000
2.50
0.60
2,400
9 .
2558
40
4.1.2
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1. (Sheathing)
1.1 Steel Plate
1.2
2. (Strut)
2.1 50x50 . 2.3
2.2
2.3
3. (Waler)
3.1 100x50 .
3.2
3.3
4. (Tie-Baes)
4.1
4.2
4.3
3,620
12.50
1.00
2.50
2,250
380
20
1,200
6.00
100.00
500
6.00
0.60
2,400
9 .
2558
41
4.1.3
1.
1
2
3
4
B
760
1 1/23 2.50 . 2,120
24 2.50 .
2,000
9 .
2,400
1,200.00
120.00
200.00
30
912,000.00
254,400.00
400,000.00
72,000.00
1,638,400.00
2.
2.1
1
2
3
(./)
8
8
8
()
1
5
2
::.
1,000
500
300
10
10
10
10,000.00
25,000.00
6,000
41,000.00
2.2 /
()
1
2
3
1
5
2
(./)
8
8
8
(./)
8
8
8
8
8
8
2
2
2
(2)
10
10
10
::
.
1,000
500
300
100,000.00
250,000.00
60,000.00
410,000.00
3.
()
(/)
Tower Crane
(/
)
2
(:.)
1,000
25,000.00
25,000.00
2,114,400.00
2558
42
4.1.4
1.
1
Steel Plate 4.50 .
380
2
5050 . 2 1,200
6.00 .
3 10050 . 500
6.00.
4
9
2,400
1,500.00
350.00
570,000.00
420,000.00
500.00
250,000.00
30
72,000.00
1,312,000.00
2.
2.1
1
2
3
()
1
10
2
./
()
8
15
8
15
8
15
::.
1,000
500
300
15,000.00
75,000.00
9,000.00
99,000.00
2.2 /
1
2
3
()
1
10
2
./ () ./ ()
8
4
8
2
8
4
8
2
8
4
8
2
(2)
10
10
10
::.
1,000
60,000.00
500
300,000.00
300
36,000.00
396,000.00
3.
()
Tower Crane
(./)
3
(./)
2
(2)
(:)
10
1,000
50,000.00
50,000.00
1,857,000.00
2558
43
4.1.5
3
(Straight-Line Depreciation)
,
( , 2543)
)
: 1
: 20%
: 133 /..,
52 /..
= 133/1 /..
/..
= 133
= 133x0.2 /..
= 27 /..
= 212 /..
)
: 2
: 5%
: 102 /..,
43 /..
= 102/2 /..
= 51
/..
= 102x0.05 /..
= 5 /..
= 99 /..
2558
44
4.1.6
1
1.1 ()
1.2 (:.)
1.3 (:..)
()
2
2.1 ()
3
3.1
2,114,400.00
1,638,400.00
451,000.00
25,000.00
939.73
728.18
200.44
11.11
925.81
728.18
52.00
145.63
1
1,857,000.00
1,312,000.00
495,000.00
50,000.00
825.33
583.11
220.00
22.22
363.70
291.55
43.00
29.15
2
88
54
2558
45
4.2
4.2.1 (Horizontal Formwork System)
4.1
4.2
4.3
2558
46
4.4
4.6
2558
47
4.7
4.8
2558
48
10 .
12 .
4.9 Basin 4
Tower Crane
4.10 Basin
2558
49
()
()
4.11 COUNTERFORT
2558
50
()
()
4.12 Ogee Spillway
2558
51
()
()
4.13
2558
52
Spring Clip
4.14 ()-()
Spring Clip
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
()
2558
53
()
()
2558
54
()
()
2558
55
()
()
2558
56
()
()
2558
57
()
()
4.14 Spring Clip
2558
58
12 .
()
()
4.15
2558
59
5
5.1
2 1
(Concrete Formwork)
0.70
11.267 3 11.77
2
(Concrete Formwork) Basin
1.00 12.50 45 2
(Concrete Formwork)
Concrete Formwork
2
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
2558
60
5.3
2558
61
1. , 2537, , ,.
2. , 2543,
,
3. . 2540. . ,
2558
62
( .11042)
10 2522
.. 2541
..
2545
.. 2557
3
13
.. 2547
5
2 13
.. 2548 2554
5
.. 2554
2558