Rini Novrianti Sutardjo Tui

Mine Explosion and Fire

Fire Triangle

Oxygen

The
necessity
for
additional
control
measures

Explosion
or Fire
Fuel

Ignition
Source

Abnormal
circumstan
ces which
might arise

Special
situations

Identifying the Hazards

Explosion or Fire
Ignition

Fuel

Oxygen

Anything that can burn

The general body of air

Anything that has the

potential to get hot enough to
ignite a material, substance
or atmosphere in the
workplace

Firedamp, coal/coal dust,

wood, diesel, tyres and
plastic materials, mineral
oils and grease, waste
materials, paper, bottled
gases, explosive

Chemicals that release

oxygen when heated
(oxidizing agents),
ANFO, bottled oxygen,
compressed air

Friction, internal combustion

engines, electrical and
mechanical equipments,
natural sources, explosives
and detonators, compression
of air and gasses, hot works,
smokers materials

Potential Risks
The nature and extent of any
flame, heat or blast wave

The distance to a
place of safety

The spread and possible

concentrations of toxic and
noxious gases and other
products
of combustion

The possible disruption of the

ventilation system

Risks

The potential for

oxygen depletion

The reduction in
visibility due to smoke

Level of Risks

The type and

duration of
their selfrescuers
How long it
would take
them to
reach a place
of safety

How close
they are to
the fire or
explosion

Whether they
are on the
intake side or
downstream

How far they

are from the
nearest
unaffected place
or safe haven

Spontaneous Combustion
Thick or
composite
High
moisture
holding
capacity

Inferior
quality

Tempe
rature

% of
oxygen

Humi
dity
Readily
adsorb and
desorb
moisture

Low rank

Contain
pyrites

Starts with oxidation at

normal temperature

Heating is in Process

Smell

Haze
or
Fog

Hot Air

Smoke
Sweating

Explosion Hazards

Mists and Vapours

Petrols, cellulose-based paints,
aerosols, diesel fuels

Flammable Gases
Occur due to work activity such as lead-acid
battery charging, mishap with flame welding or
cutting equipments

Coal Dust

Possibly inside bunkers, the breakage of coal

carrying belt conveyor, inappropriate use of
explosive, high speed crash, firedamp explosion

Explosion

Prevention and Control

Minimizing the
inventory of
potential fuels

Equipments
Monitoring

Minimizing the
number of
potential ignition
sources

Keeping potential
ignition sources
apart from
potential fuel

Minimizing
or
Mitigating
the Effects

Detection
and
Warning

Assessment Process
Identify the
hazards - the
potential sources of
ignition and
materials

Consider the
precautions already
in place for the
prevention and
mitigation

Evaluate the
likelihood of a fire
or explosion
occurring due to a
particular hazard

Record
significant
findings

Determine what
further measures
are necessary to
prevent, control or
mitigate

Consider the
consequences of a fire
or explosion, and
decide who might be
harmed and how

Review the risk

assessment
periodically, or when
theres change in
circumstances

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