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Line Graph
Histogram
QI Macros
36
Control Chart
www.qimacros.com
USL
Flow Chart
QI Macros
QI Macros
34
QI Macros
Line Graph
5. Then, using the Query Wizard, click on the > and < signs to
select the fields you want in the spreadsheet.
Short cut: Hold down Ctrl+Shift and press the "L" key (for
Line graph).
6. Then the Query Wizard will let you filter rows, change the sort
order, and finish the query.
7. Excel will ask you about getting the data and where to put it
on the spreadsheet:
2. Then, from anywhere on your worksheet, you can select DataGet External Data
Changing the line style, color, and weight are all performed
in this window. When you're done, click OK. The changed
graph is now more easily readable.
To change the scale on the Y axis, double click on the
axis. A patterns window will appear. Select Scale and enter
the new minimum, maximum, and tickmark increments.
6. Select SAVE to retain the chart.
3. This will start MS Query. Select MS Access Database.
QI Macros
32
QI Macros
Pareto Chart
2. To use the QI Macros, you have to ensure that the data type of
numeric fields is number, not text. Use View-Table Design to
change the data type of all numeric fields to number.
4. This will open Excel and create a .XLS file, which you can
chart and graph using the QI Macros.
3. Other Bar: If you have more than nine points, the Pareto
will ask if you want to summarize the remaining ones.
4. From the File Menu, select Save to save the graph with
your workbook. (It is difficult to add data to the pareto
chart; it's best to redraw it if needed.)
QI Macros
31
QI Macros
Options:
Bar Chart
QI Macros
30
Select 3-D Bar for horizontal bars, and 3-D Column for
vertical bars.
QI Macros
Pie Chart
Tree Diagram
QI Macros
3. Select a cell and type to put text in the cells. Then, use
the Border tool to put a box around each cell and line tools
from the Drawing Tool Bar to add lines.
4. Excel 97 and newer versions: Select VIEW-TOOLBARSDRAWING. Use Autoshapes to find connecting lines.
29
QI Macros
Scatter Chart
2. From the QI Macro Menu bar, select "Scatter Diagram." Shortcut: press Ctrl+Shift+S.
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
-0.2
3. From the File Menu, select Save to save the graph with
your workbook.
4. To add new data to an existing chart see page 22.
QI Macros
28
QI Macros
LSL
USL
Histogram
To Create a Histogram:
To Create an Ishikawa:
Cause-Effect Diagram
Excel may not be the best tool to do this with, but you can
easily draw Ishikawa diagrams with the drawing tools.
1. From the QI Macros Pull-Down Menu, select Matrix
and Diagram Selector. Choose the cause-effect, or
fishbone, template: Ishikawa.xlt.
3. From the QI Macro Menu bar, select either the histogram (Ctrl+Shift+H) or frequency histogram
(Ctrl+Shift+F) macro. The histogram will ask for upper
and lower spec limits, the number of bars to display, and a
unit of measure (1,.1,.5,.05) and specification limits:
QI Macros
10
QI Macros
Selecting a Template:
4.5
Histogram
Cp=1.36
Mode=4.9
USL=6.0
Cpk=1.2
Cp(Rd2)=3.97
Mean=5.1
3.5
Median=5.0
Cpk(Rd2)=3.98
Pp=1.36
Ppk=1.2
Frequency of Values
LSL=4.0
Sigma=0.24
Max=5.6
2.5
Min=4.7
PPM=0
Zbench=3.82
CpUpper=1.28
1.5
CpkLower=1.48
1
0.5
0
3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
6.1
Values
QI Macros
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11
QI Macros
To Create a Multivari or
Box and Whisker Chart:
3. Excel will load the template. From the File Menu, Select
Save As to save the template under a new name.
Multivari Chart
n=90
0.9
0.85
0.8
Measurement
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
2pm
6/16 8am
12pm
2pm
10am
6/15 8am
12pm
2pm
10am
6/12 8am
10am
12pm
2pm
6/11 8am
10am
12pm
2pm
12pm
2pm
10am
6/9 8am
10am
12pm
6/8 8am
6/10 8am
0.5
0.45
Box&Whisker
0.9
0.9
0.85
0.85 0.85
0.8
0.85 0.85
0.8
0.75
0.85
0.8 0.8
0.9
0.85
Measuremen
t
0.7
0.75
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.65
0.6
0.6
0.7 0.7
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.75
0.75
0.65
0.85
0.8
0.7
0.65 0.65
0.6
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.65
0.85
0.65 0.65
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.65
0.6
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.55
2pm
12pm
2pm
6/15 8am
10am
12pm
2pm
6/12 8am
10am
12pm
6/11 8am
2pm
12pm
10am
6/10 8am
2pm
12pm
10am
6/9 8am
2pm
12pm
10am
6/8 8am
6/16 8am
0.5
0.5
10am
0.5
0.45
12
25
QI Macros
Matrix
To Create a Matrix:
Six Sigma relies heavily on matrices to display relationships among many different criteria. Planning uses Voice
of the Customer (VOC) and Targets and Means matrices.
Problem Solving uses Countermeasures and related matrices. Process Management uses Value-Added Analysis.
Reliability uses FMEA and EMEA. QFD uses the House of
Quality and Pugh Concept selection matrices.
2. From the QI Macros pull down menu, choose matrix
selector (pg. 26). A number of different matrix templates
will be displayed:
Planning Arrow
Arrow Diagram
CostofQ
Relation
TargetMn
TreeMtrx
VOCmtrx
Problem Action
Solving Checksht
CMmatrix
Forcefld
Ishikawa
Process FlowChrt
Mgt.
Measures
ValueAdd
c, np, p, u
XmRchart
XbarRchart
XandSchart
DFSS
Design of Experiments
DOE
Pughmtrx
QFDhouse
Reliability EMEA
FMEA
Faultree
QI Macros
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13
QI Macros
Control Chart
n=152
UCL=15.87
16
14
new points
Number of Pinholes
12
10
CL=7.60
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
0
Sheet Number
UCL=15.87
16
14
new points
10
UCL=8.19
CL=7.60
25
24
23
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
0
1
CL=3
22
Number of Pinholes
12
Sheet Number
QI Macros
14
23
QI Macros
RUCL=18.05
18
16
14
Range
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
Number
12
10
8
CL=5.52
6
4
2
96
/2
1/
5/
96
10
/9
27
/1
9/
10
/9
/9
13
9/
/9
30
16
8/
96
/9
2/
8/
19
8/
96
5/
/9
6/
7/
21
7/
7/
96
/9
24
5/
6/
6
10
/9
/9
26
4/
5/
6
12
/9
/9
/9
29
4/
15
3/
96
/9
1/
3/
16
3/
2/
96
/9
2/
19
2/
1/
1/
5/
96
Date
n=22
30
UCL=24.69
25
Number of Hours
20
15
Hours Missed
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
CL=10.00
10
ChartSource Data
LCL=-4.69
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-5
Date
5. From the File Menu, select Save to save the graph with
your workbook.
Chart
Wizard
22
QI Macros
Control Chart
To Create an XR Chart:
To Create a u Chart:
Control Chart
A u chart tracks the number of defectsnon-conformitiesin varying sample sizes (e.g., billing errors per
month, errors per bill).
1. Highlight the labels and data to be graphed (as shown).
2
U
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
1.5
1
CL=0.64
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Number Non-Conforming
2.5
Date
16
To Create a p Chart:
Control Chart
n=25
0.45
0.4
RUCL=0.38
0.35
0.3
Range
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
Range
0.25
0.2
CL=0.18
0.15
0.1
0.05
2p
m
8a
m
6/
16
10
am
12
pm
12
pm
2p
m
6/
15
8a
m
2p
m
8a
m
10
am
6/
12
10
am
12
pm
2p
m
6/
11
8a
m
10
am
12
pm
2p
m
8a
m
12
pm
6/
10
2p
m
8a
m
10
am
6/
9
6/
8
8a
m
10
am
12
pm
Time
Non-Conforming Magnets
n=1,030
0.12
Gauge Readings
UCL=0.82
0.8
0.11
0.1
XAverage
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
Fraction Defective
P
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
0.08
CL=0.07
0.07
0.06
Readings
0.75
0.09
CL=0.72
0.7
0.65
LCL=0.61
0.05
2p
m
8a
m
16
6/
12
p
am
10
8a
6/
1
2p
10
am
12
pm
8a
m
2p
m
6/
12
am
pm
10
12
2p
8a
1
6/
1
10
am
12
pm
8a
m
pm
2p
m
12
10
6/
am
10
8a
m
6/
2p
m
am
pm
10
6/
8
8a
0.04
12
0.6
Time
0.03
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Period
5. From the File Menu, select Save to save the graph with
your workbook.
4. From the File Menu, select Save to save the graph with
your workbook.
QI Macros
20
17
QI Macros
To Create a c Chart:
Control Chart
To Create an np Chart:
Control Chart
An np chart tracks the number of defective or non-conforming items when subgroup sample sizes are constant
(e.g., defective parts in 100 sampled).
Pinholes in Sheets
n=52
9
n=200
20
Defective Widgets
18
UCL=16.49
16
12
10
CL=8.00
No. Pinholes
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
6
4
UCL=6.18
6
Number Defective
Number oF Pinholes
14
Defective
UCL
+2 sigma
+1 sigma
Average
-1 sigma
-2 sigma
LCL
5
4
3
CL=2.08
2
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Sheet Number
4.
From the File Menu, select Save to save the graph with
your workbook.
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Date
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QI Macros