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FLANGE
Pressure
Relief
Devices
GENERAL
VALVE
OPERATOR
General
A Valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing or partially
obstructing various passageways.
In process operations, fluids and their movement and transfer from place to place, plays a large part in the
process. Fluids are contained in various types of vessels and are transported in pipelines. In order to Start
or Stop fluid flow, to Control flow and to Prevent Back-flow, various types of valves are installed in the
piping. To prevent over-pressure in piping and vessels, we use Safety Relief valves and, to isolate
equipment for maintenance etc., Block valves are installed.
As previously stated, valves are used for the following purposes:
1.
To start and stop flow of fluids
2.
To regulate, throttle and control fluid flow or pressure
3. To prevent back-flow
4.
To relieve excess pressure / vacuum
General
Liquid
Gas
Type of Liquid
Erosive
Valve Selection Consideration
Corrosive
On-Off or Throttling
Prevent Backflow
Flow
Consideration
Pressure
Velocity
Temperature
Frequency of Operation
Accessibility
Overall space available
Operating
Conditions
Type
Diaphragm Valve
Pinch Valve
They can also be used in conjunction with a pressure relief valve to:
Provide corrosion protection for the PRV.
Prevent loss of toxic or expensive process materials.
Reduce fugitive emissions to meet environmental requirements.
Disadvantages
Advantages
Wide range of sizes, materials, pressures and
temperatures.
thicker than conventional due to snap action.
Dont require vacuum support.
Disadvantages
Not fail safe.
a. Blades corrode or get dull.
b. Blades can be left out.
c. Excessive burst pressure if upside down.
d. Unsuitable in liquid service - (no snap action).
e. Damage causes premature reversal.
f. Subject to roll over.
Type
The Gate Valve
General
Flow is controlled by rising or lowering the valving element. Gate Vales are not usually used to regulate flow
because the valving element can be damage when in the partially open position. Similarly, they also limit the
pressure drop across the valve when fully open
Advantages
Gate valve opens or closes slowly, which prevents fluid hammer and subsequent damage to piping system
They need long operation time since setting the valve to the fully open or closed position requires the handle
to be turned many time
Good choice for on-off service
Full flow, low pressure drop
Bidirectional
Disadvantages
Type
The Globe Valve
General
Advantages
Disadvantages
A globe valve is a linear motion value used to stop, start and regulate fluid flow, the three primary body designs
for globe valve are Z-body, Y-body and angle.
Recommended for throttling applications
Good for frequent operation
Easy to repair
Flow part cause a significant pressure drop
Globe valve are more costly than alternative valve
Type
The Needle Valve
General
They are used to make relatively fine adjustment in the amount of fluid flow.
Type
The Ball Valve
General
Advantages
Disadvantages
A ball valve is a rotational motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start fluid flow
Maintains and regulates high volume, high pressure and high temp flow
Low purchase and maintenance costs.
No lubrication requirements
Give tight sealing with low torque
Time of valve operation is minimized
Can be used for throttling service
Can handle fluid with suspended solids
Type
The Butterfly Valve
General
A butterfly valve are rotary motion valve that is used to stop, regulate and start fluid flow.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Difficult to clean
Throttling limited to low differential pressure
Potential for cavitation and choke
Unguided disc movement is affected by flow
turbulence
Type
The Check Valve
General
Check valve are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in piping system.
These valve are activated by the flowing material in pipeline. The pressure of the fluid passing through the
system open the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve. Closure is accomplished by the weight
of the check mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means.
The general type of check valve are swing, titling disk, piston, , and stop
Type
The Diaphragm Valve
General
Advantages
Disadvantages
A diaphragm valve is a linear motion valve that is used to start, regulate and stop fluid flow.
The name derived from its flexible disk, which mates with a seal located in the open area at the
top of the valve body to form a seal.
Valve components can be isolated from the process fluid
Valve construction prevents leakage of the fluid without the use of a glad seal (Packing)
The diaphragm becomes worn more easy and regular maintenance is necessary
These type of valve are generally not suited for very high temperature fluid and are
mainly used on liquid system
Type
The Pinch Valve
General
A pinch valve is the simplest valve design, it is a linear motion valve that is used to start, regulate
and stop fluid flow. It uses a rubber tube (pinch tube) to control the fluid.
Advantages
They are ideally suited for the handling of slurries, liquids with large amounts of suspended solids
and system that convey solids pneumatically
Can be used for application where corrosion or metal contamination of the fluid might be
problem.
The flow passage is straight without any crevice
There are no internal moving parts in contact with the fluid
Low maintenance due to wear or pressure
Minimum items to change. Tube ONLY
Disadvantages
Operator
A Diaphragm
The valve is operated by an air powered diaphragm. A diaphragm valve is a manual or control type block
valve which uses a diaphragm as the closing device. The diaphragm valve is usually used to isolate or block
flow. Because the material of the membrane can chemically degrade, diaphragm valves are used under the
conditions of low pressure and a limited temperature operating range.
Diaphragm valves may be used for regulation of
most gases and liquids. There are two types of
diaphragm valves available:
1. Weir
2. Straight through flow.
Operator
An Electric Motor
These valves are generally of large size and are used for different applications such as Pump discharge etc.
Can be of various types e.g. Gate/ Ball/ Butterfly etc. with actuator control.
Design of Motors and valves can be different. An electric motor is mounted on the valve and geared to the
valve stem so that when the motor operates the valve will open or close. For this MOV, motor operated
with actuator control from local panel or from control room is required.
Applications of motor operated valves
Control
Motorized
More Faster
Faster
flow control
Operator
A Solenoid
A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. The valve is controlled by an electric current
through a solenoid.
Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. Their tasks are to shut off,
release, dose, distribute or mix fluids. They are found in many application areas. Solenoids offer fast and
safe switching, high reliability, long service life, good medium compatibility of the materials used, low
control power and compact design.
Reference
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http://articles.compressionjobs.com/articles/oilfield-101/4393-valves-pipelines-gate-globe-needle-angle-plug-ball-butterfly-check?showall=1
www.slideshare.net/mohdalaamri/valves-presentation
Pressure Relief Devices Scott Ostrowski
http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/05/motor-operated-valve/
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/valves/diaphragm.html
http://www.spiraxsarco.com/Resources/Pages/Steam-Engineering-Tutorials/pipeline-ancillaries/isolation-valves-linear-movement.aspx