WAYS OF SEPERATING MIXTURES INTO COMPONENT SUBSTANCES

a. Filtration is the process used when you want to recover the precipitate
in the pure form, by passing the mixture through a porous medium.
b. Distillation is the process of separating a certain liquid from the rest of
the mixture, it involves boiling the mixture to vaporize a liquid and then
cooling the vapor to condense it.
Types of distillation:
Fractional distillation useful for separating liquid mixture
whose component substance have narrow differences in boiling
points (closer to 50 degrees). The liquid with the lowest boiling
point vaporizes first.
Steam Distillation a technique commonly used to separate
the volatile oils from plant materials, whether flower, leaves, bark
or root.
c. Mechanical Separation involves the use of forceps, sieves and other
similar tools.
d. Decantation a method in which some solids of a suspension mixture
are allowed to settle and the liquid is then poured off.
e. Centrifugation is used to aid in separation of precipitate from a
solution in a test tube. The centrifugal force developed during the rotation
brings outward force for setting that is much higher than the gravitational
force. Then the supernatant liquid is poured off.
f. Chromatography uses the difference in degree to which substances
are absorbed on the surface of an inert substance.
LAWS GOVERNING MATTER AND ENERGY
Law of Conservation of Matter
Formulated by Antoine Lavoiser, 1789
States that matter is neither created nor destroyed in any
transformation of matter.
Law of Conservation of Mass
States that in any chemical reaction the mass of the system
remains constant. To follow the law of conservation of matter,
there must be exactly the same number each atom on each side
of the equation.
Example:
4 Al + 3 O2
2 Al2 O3
4 (27) + 3(32)
=
2(54) + 2(48)
108 +
96
=
108
+ 96
204 grams
204 grams
Law of Conservation of Energy
States that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be changed
from one form to another.


Law

Law

Forms energy such as heat, mechanical, electrical, chemical, light or

radiant.
of definite Composition or Law of definite Proportion
Proposed by Joseph Proust, 1799
States that a given compound always shows a fixed proportion and a
chemical compound always contain the same elements in the same
percentage by mass. When two elements combine to form a given
compound, they always do so in a fixed proportion.
of Multiple Proportion
By John Dalton, 1805
States that when two elements combine to form more than one
compound, the masses of one element which combine with a fixed
mass of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers such
as 2:1, 1:1, 2:3, etc.

ENERGY - The capacity to do work.

1. Forms of Energy
a. Mechanical Energy energy involved in doing work by mechanical
appliances or machines.
b. Potential Energy the stored energy of position possessed by an object.
c. Kinetic Energy the energy in motion.
d. Radiant Energy type of energy associated with ordinary light, x-rays
and radio waves.
e. Chemical Energy form of energy which is involved in every chemical
reactions.
f. Nuclear or Atomic Energy associated in a manner in which atoms are
constructed.
g. Heat Energy a measure of the internal energy of substance which is
due to its temperature.
Two kinds of reactions in heat energy
1. Exothermic reaction wherein heat is given off to the
surrounding
2. Endothermic reaction wherein heat is absorbed by the system
h. Electrical Energy energy of an electric current or discharge

ACTIVITY #5
Give examples of the different Forms of Energy and
Examples of Ways Of Seperating Mixtures Into Component
Substances with pictures.
LongBond paper.
Use this format:
NAME:

BSN 1
ACTIVITY # 5

DATE: