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1. Introduction
Alumina has enormous technological and industrial application. It exists in a
variety of metastable structures including -, -, -, -, - and -aluminas, as
well as its stable -alumina phase [1]. Among these transitions, -alumina is
one kind of extremely important nanosized materials. It has been used as a
catalyst and catalyst substrate in automotive and petroleum industries,
structural composites for spacecraft, and abrasive and thermal wear coatings
[2].
Recent studies have shown that -alumina is thermodynamically stable relative
to -alumina when a critical surface area is achieved [3], and that nano alumina powder can promote the sintering behavior of alumina and silicon
carbide fibers [4], and also that the use of single phase of -alumina powders
makes the densification temperature shift to lower temperature as compared
with the sample consisting of - and -alumina [5]. Those outcomes can open
up endless possibilities for the applications of -alumina, so it's of significance
to investigate the preparation of -alumina.
Until now, a large variety of methods such as solgel synthesis from calcination
of boehmite [2], polyhydroxoaluminum-polyvinylalcohol [5], laser ablation of an
aluminum target in an oxygen atmosphere [6], hydrolysis of alumina alkoxide
[7], thermal decomposition of aluminum sulfate [8], metal organic chemical
vapor deposition with Al(CH3)3 [9] have been used to prepare -alumina. In
this paper, we introduce a facile and practicable process to obtain dispersed
nano - alumina with low-cost and without pollution, the key step of which is to
precipitate aluminum salt with NH3H2O in ethanol medium.
2. Experimental
The starting materials AlCl36H2O and conc. NH3H2O were dissolved
respectively in C2H5OH (95%) to form certain concentration solutions (as
showed in Table 1). The NH3H2O solution was then added dropwise to the
vigorously stirred AlCl36H2O solution, with the same volume as the former, to
produce a white, gelatinous Al(OH)3 precipitate. After filtrated, washed with
C2H5OH (95%), dried at 100 C for 2 h and calcined at certain temperature for
2 h, Al(OH)3 gel was transformed into Al2O3.
In the precipitation and washing procedure, the mother liquid and the filtrate
could be distilled to recycle ethanol and gain byproduct NH4Cl. This is a simple
green process.
Micrometritics ASAT2010M BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET), EM420 transmission
electron microscope (TEM), D/max-ra X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HITACHI 27030 Infrared spectrometer (IR) were used to characterize the products
respectively.
3. Results and discussion
readily explained. The stronger broadening band 38003000 cm1 occurs due
to the hydrogen bond between the various hydroxyl groups in the product. This
band disappeared gradually with the increase of the calcination temperature.
The stronger broadening band 1000400 cm1 correspond to AlOvibration
existed under the temperature below1100 C,while the calcination temperature
exceeded 1100 C, this band split into two bands representative of -alumina,
one of which was between 1000500 cm1, the other between 500400 cm1.
4. Conclusion
Direct precipitation in ethanol was a crucial step for synthesis of the dispersive
nano -alumina and this kind of -alumina that exhibited direct transformation
to -alumina was prepared from amorphous alumina. Among the three factors
including the reactant concentration, the molar ratio of reactants and the
calcination temperature, the third one was responsible for the surface area, the
diameter and the phase composition of the product. When the calcination
temperatures were controlled at 600 C, between 6861029 C and above
1114 C, amorphous alumina with the surface area of 313.5 m2/g, -alumina of
204102 m2/g and -alumina of 16.2 6.6 m2/g were obtained respectively.
trabajo, presentamos un proceso fcil y factible para obtener nano dispersa almina con bajo costo y sin contaminacin, el paso clave de las cuales es para
precipitar la sal de aluminio con NH3 H2O en medio etanol.
2. Experimental
Los materiales de partida AlCl3 6H2O y HCl conc. NH3 H2O se disolvieron
respectivamente en C2H5OH (95%) para formar ciertas soluciones de
concentracin (como se muestra en la Tabla 1). Se aadi la solucin H2O NH3
continuacin gota a gota a la solucin de AlCl3 6H2O vigorosamente agitada,
con el mismo volumen que el primero, para producir un blanco, Al gelatinosa
(OH) 3 precipitado. Despus se filtr, se lav con C2H5OH (95%), se sec a 100
C durante 2 h y se calcin a cierta temperatura durante 2 h, Al (OH) 3 gel se
transform en Al2O3.
En el procedimiento de precipitacin y lavado, el lquido madre y el filtrado se
podran destilan para reciclar etanol y ganar subproducto NH4Cl. Este es un
proceso verde simple.
Micrometritics ASAT2010M Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), microscopio
electrnico de transmisin EM420 (TEM), difraccin D / max-ra de rayos X
(XRD) y HITACHI 270-30 espectrmetro de infrarrojos (IR) se utilizaron para
caracterizar los productos, respectivamente.
3. Resultados y discusin
3.1. El efecto del etanol
precipitacin acuosa se utiliza comnmente para sintetizar xidos, pero los
polvos con pequeo tamao obtenido por este proceso son a menudo muy
agregada. La razn principal de la agregacin es causada por el agua
absorbida y el grupo hidroxilo de superficie en los precursores de hidrxido de
precipitados, adems de la agregacin de partculas que se produce cuando se
secan los precursores de precipitados, se muelen y se calcinaron. La
agregacin es pesado y el gel de hidrxido de aluminio precipitado no pudo ser
filtrada fcilmente.
Esta fuerza aglomerado est determinada por el grado en que las molculas de
agua, con enlaces de hidrgeno a la superficie grupos hidroxilo, son capaces de
formar puentes entre las partculas adyacentes. En lugar de un medio de agua
durante la precipitacin, el etanol se postula para enlace de hidrgeno a
hidroxilos superficiales, pero no puede causar interaccin entre partculas, por
lo que el gel de hidrxido podra filtr fcilmente. Por otra parte, la posibilidad
de cualquier enlaces qumicos que forman entre las partculas durante el
siguiente deshidratacin se reduce significativamente, inhibir la formacin de
aglomerados duros que los medios de condensacin debido a la prdida de
grupos hidroxilo no forma puente, y que conduce al producto final muy suave y
friable. El mecanismo es similar a Lee y modelo Ready [10,11].
3.2. Eleccin de las condiciones experimentales