SYLLABUS

EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

LTPC 3003
AIM
To introduce the various optical fiber modes, configurations and various signal degradation factors associated
with optical fiber.
To study about various optical sources and optical detectors and their use in the optical communication
system. Finally to discuss about digital transmission and its associated parameters on system performance.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the basic elements of optical fiber transmission link, fiber modes configurations and structures.
To understand the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave guides and other signal
degradation factors. Design optimization of SM fibers, RI profile and cut-off wave length.
To learn the various optical source materials, LED structures, quantum efficiency, Laser diodes and different
fiber amplifiers.
To learn the fiber optical receivers such as PIN APD diodes, noise performance in photo detector, receiver
operation and configuration.
To learn fiber slicing and connectors, noise effects on system performance, operational principles WDM and
solutions.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
9
Introduction, Ray theory transmission- Total internal reflection-Acceptance angle Numerical aperture Skew
rays Electromagnetic mode theory of optical propagation EM waves modes in Planar guide phase and
group velocity cylindrical fibers SM fibers.
UNIT II
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS
9
Attenuation Material absorption losses in silica glass fibers Linear and Non linear Scattering losses - Fiber
Bend losses Midband and farband infra red transmission Intra and inter Modal Dispersion Over all Fiber
Dispersion Polarization- non linear Phenomena. Optical fiber connectors, Fiber alignment and Joint Losses
Fiber Splices Fiber connectors Expanded Beam Connectors Fiber Couplers.
UNIT III
SOURCES AND DETECTORS
9
Optical sources: Light Emitting Diodes - LED structures - surface and edge emitters, mono and hetero structures
- internal - quantum efficiency, injection laser diode structures - comparison of LED and ILD,Optical Detectors:
PIN Photo detectors, Avalanche photo diodes, construction, characteristics and properties, Comparison of
performance, Photo detector noise Noise sources , Signal to Noise ratio , Detector response time.
UNIT IV
FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER AND MEASUREMENTS
9
Fundamental receiver operation, Pre amplifiers, Error sources Receiver Configuration Probability of Error
Quantum limit. Fiber Attenuation measurements- Dispersion measurements Fiber Refractive index profile
measurements Fiber cut- off Wave length Measurements Fiber Numerical Aperture Measurements Fiber
diameter measurements.
UNIT V
OPTICAL NETWORKS
9
Basic Networks SONET / SDH Broadcast and select WDM Networks Wavelength Routed Networks
Non linear effects on Network performance Performance of WDM + EDFA system Solitons Optical
CDMA Ultra High Capacity Networks.
TOTAL = 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Optical Fiber Communication John M. Senior Pearson Education SecondEdition. 2007
2. Optical Fiber Communication Gerd Keiser Mc Graw Hill Third Edition. 2000
REFERENCES
1. J.Gower, Optical Communication System, Prentice Hall of India, 2001
2. Rajiv Ramaswami, Optical Networks , Second Edition, Elsevier , 2004.
3. Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems, third edition, John Wiley & sons, 2004.
4. R.P. Khare, Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics, Oxford University Press, 2007.

Page 01 of 02

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE/PROGRAMME OUTCOMES/COURSE OUTCOMES

Course Code & Name: EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

Student Branch: EC

Semester: VII

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

PEO-1: To provide students with a solid foundation in mathematics to improve their critical
thinking and analytical skills for solving Electronics and Communication engineering
problems
PEO-6: To study a range of communication engineering fundamentals, Performance of
receivers and information theory concept for applications in Communication systems
Course Outcomes (COs):
Group-III (Electronics and Communication Engineering Core courses):
To gain in-depth knowledge in the field of Electronics and Communication
Engineering and to apply the concepts learnt through theory and Laboratory in various
applications to meet the empathetical needs our society

Programme Outcomes (POs):

PO-1: To impart fundamental knowledge of mathematics, applied science and concepts of
Electronics & Communication engineering for modeling and solving engineering problems.
PO-4:To impart an ability to design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and
interpret data in the areas of Computer hardware, Digital signal processing, VLSI and
Communication systems.
PO-5:To teach the use of modern engineering tools, techniques, equipments, software and
programming language skills necessary for designing and testing Electronics and
Communication Engineering systems.
PO-12: To impart an ability to engage in life-long learning and to keep abreast with current
developments in the field of Electronics and Communication engineering.

Page 02 of 02

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code & Name: EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORKING

Unit : I

Branch : EC

LP EC2402
LP Rev. No: 03
Date: 27-06-14
Page 01 of 06

Semester: VII

UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Introduction, Ray theory transmission- Total internal reflection-Acceptance angle Numerical aperture Skew
rays Electromagnetic mode theory of optical propagation EM waves modes in Planar guide phase and
group velocity cylindrical fibers SM fibers.
Objective: To understand the principle of EM waves propagation in fiber cables and also about different types
of optical fibers

Session
No

Topics to be covered

Time

Ref

Teaching
Method

1
1(14-20)
2(32-41)
3(34-39)
6(17-28)
1(20-28)
2(43-57)
3(46-48)
6(36-53)

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

1
2

Introduction Syllabus overview and Unit overview

Ray theory transmission ,Total internal reflection,
Acceptance angle Numerical aperture

50m
50m

Skew rays, Electromagnetic mode theory of optical

propagation- EM waves Modes in Planar guide

50m

50m

1(28-30
36-39)

BB/PPT

5
6

Phase and Group velocity, Cylindrical

fibers(Maxwells equation, Boundary conditions)
Modes
Cont. Cylindrical fibers-Linearly polarized Modes
Mode coupling, Step Index Fiber , Graded Index Fiber

50m
50m

1(39-43)
1(43-50)

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

7
8

Cont. Graded Index Fiber

Single Mode fibers, Cutoff wavelength

50m
50m

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive index,

Group delay and mode delay
Gaussian approximation, Equivalent step index
methods
Problems

50m

1(51-55)
1(56-61)
2(62-65)
6(83-100)
1(62-67)

50m

1(67-76)

BB/PPT

50m

1,2

BB/PPT

10
11

BB/PPT

BB/PPT

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code & Name:EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORKING

Unit : II

Branch : EC

LP EC2402
LP Rev. No: 03
Date: 27-06-14
Page 02 of 06

Semester: VII

UNIT II TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBER

Attenuation Material absorption losses in silica glass fibers Linear and Non linear Scattering losses - Fiber
Bend losses Midband and far band infra red transmission Intra and inter Modal Dispersion Over all Fiber
Dispersion Polarization- non linear Phenomena. Optical fiber connectors, Fiber alignment and Joint Losses
Fiber Splices Fiber connectors Expanded Beam Connectors Fiber Couplers.
Objective: To understand the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave guides and other signal
degradation factors. Fiber to fiber permanent and temporary joining techniques should also be understood

Session
No
12

Time

Ref

Attenuation Material absorption losses in silica glass

fibers, Intrinsic absorption, Extrinsic absorption

50m

BB/PPT

13

Linear and Non linear Scattering losses(Rayleigh

scattering, Mie scattering, Stimulated Brillouin
scattering, Stimulated Raman Scattering)

50m

1(86-91)
2(93-97)
3(86-94)
5(55-58)
1(91-96)
2(98-102)
3(95-102)
5(59-64)

14

Fiber Bend losses Mid band and far band infra red
transmission
Dispersion - Intra Modal Dispersion
ASSIGNMENT I

50m

1(97-102)

BB/PPT

50m

BB/PPT

Inter Modal Dispersion-Multimode step and graded index

fiber
Over all Fiber Dispersion-Multimode fiber and single
mode fiber
CAT I
Polarization- Polarization maintaining fibers
Non linear Phenomena

50m

1(102-110)
2(103-108)
3(78-82)
1(110-119)
2(109-115)
1(121-130)

BB/PPT

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

50m

21

Fiber alignment and Joint Losses Multimode fiber

joints
Cont. Single mode fiber joints, Fiber Splices(Types)

1(136-145)
1(145-149)
2(122-130)
1(212-223)
2(215-226)

BB/PPT

22

Fiber connectors Types

50m

23

Expanded Beam Connectors Fiber Couplers(Types)

50m

1(223-235)
2(228-231)
6(126-129)
1(237-244)
2(231-236)
1(244-260)

24

Problems

50m

1,2

BB/PPT

15
16
17
18
19
20

Topics to be covered

50m
90m
50m
50m

50m

Teaching
Method

BB/PPT

BB/PPT

BB/PPT

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code & Name:EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORKING

Unit : III

Branch : EC

LP EC2402
LP Rev. No: 03
Date: 27-06-14
Page 03 of 06

Semester:VII

UNIT III SOURCES AND DETECTORS

Optical sources: Light Emitting Diodes - LED structures - surface and edge emitters, mono and hetero structures
- internal - quantum efficiency, injection laser diode structures - comparison of LED and ILD Optical Detectors:
PIN Photo detectors, Avalanche photo diodes, construction, characteristics and properties, Comparison of
performance, Photo detector noise Noise sources , Signal to Noise ratio , Detector response time.

Objective: To learn the various optical source materials, LED structures, quantum efficiency, Laser diodes
structures and also about detectors and its performance factors.

Session
No
25

Time

Ref

Optical sources: Light Emitting Diodes(Introduction,

LED power and efficiency)

50m

BB/PPT

26

LED structures -surface and edge emitters (mono and

hetero structures)

50m

27

Internal - quantum efficiency-Derivation, injection

laser diode structures (Principle)
ASSIGNMENT II

50m

28

Cont. Injection laser diode (Types)

50m

29

Comparison of LED and ILD, Optical Detectors: PIN

Photo detectors

50m

30

Avalanche photo diodes, construction, characteristics

and properties

50m

31

Comparison of performance, Photo detector noise

Noise sources
Signal to Noise ratio , Detector response time
Problems
CAT-II

50m

1(374-384)
2(150-155)
5(77-84)
1(386-393)
2(156-161)
5(87-91)
1(322-328 )
2(156-166)
3(355-367)
5(93-96)
6(174-181)
2(167- 176)
6(186-190)
1(430-441)
2(244-249)
5(136-142)
1(441-453)
2(249-252)
5(142-148)
2(252-257)
5(155-158)
2(257-262)
1,2

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

32
33

Topics to be covered

50m
50m
90m

Teaching
Method

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

BB/PPT
BB/PPT
BB/PPT
BB/PPT

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code & Name:EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORKING

Unit : IV
UNIT IV

Branch : EC

LP EC2402
LP Rev. No: 03
Date: 27-06-14
Page 04 of 06

Semester:VII

FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER AND MEASUREMENTS

Fundamental receiver operation, Pre amplifiers, Error sources Receiver Configuration Probability of Error
Quantum limit. Fiber Attenuation measurements- Dispersion measurements Fiber Refractive index profile
measurements Fiber cut- off Wave length Measurements Fiber numerical Aperture Measurements Fiber
diameter measurements.

Objective: To learn the fiber optical receivers, noise performance in photo detector, receiver operation and
configuration. The various characteristics of signal propagation inside the fiber and its basic geometric
parameters measurement techniques are also learnt to design a optical communication system.

Session
No
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

Topics to be covered
Fundamental receiver operation, Error sources Receiver
Configuration
Pre amplifiers (Types-High impedance FET, High
impedance BJT, Trans impedance Amplifiers)
Probability of Error Quantum limit
Receiver noises ( Shot noise, Receiver sensitivity
calculation, Performance curves)
Fiber Attenuation measurements (Total fiber attenuation,
absorption, scattering loss measurement)
Dispersion Measurement (Time domain & Frequency
domain)
Fiber Refractive index profile measurements
(Interferometric methods, Near field scanning method,
Refracted near field method)
Fiber cut- off Wave length Measurements
Fiber numerical Aperture Measurements Fiber diameter
measurements (Outer and core diameter)

Time

Ref

50m

2(275-281)

BB/PPT

50m

2(305-311)

BB/PPT

50m
50m

2(281-289)
2(289-302)

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

50m

1(779-789)
2(541-544)

BB/PPT

50m

1(789-796)
2(244-249)

BB/PPT

50m

1(796-802 )

BB/PPT

50m
50m

4(802-807)
1(807- 812)

BB/PPT
BB/PPT

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code & Name:EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORKING

Unit : V

Branch : EC

LP EC2402
LP Rev. No: 03
Date: 27-06-14
Page 05 of 06

Semester: VII

UNIT V OPTICAL NETWORKS

Basic Networks SONET / SDH Broadcast and select WDM Networks Wavelength Routed Networks
Non linear effects on Network performance Performance of WDM + EDFA system Solitons Optical
CDMA Ultra High Capacity Networks.

Teaching
Method

Objective: To learn, the basic optical network and also different types of network topologies, WDM and
solitons.

Session
No
43

44
45
46
47

48

49
50
51

Topics to be covered

Time

Ref

Teaching
Method

Basic Networks (Network Topologies, Performance

of
Passive linear buses, Power budget, Performance of
star architectures)
SONET / SDH (Transmission formats and speed,
Optical interfaces, Rings, Networks)
ASSIGNMENT III
Broadcast and select WDM Networks
(Single Hop networks, Multi hop networks, Shuffle
Net multi hop networks)
Wavelength Routed Networks (Optical cross
connects, Performance evaluation)
Non linear effects on Network performance
(Effective length and Area, Stimulated Raman
Scattering, Brillouin scattering, Self phase
modulation and Cross phase)
Cont. Non linear effects (Four wave mixing,
Dispersion management), Performance of WDM +
EDFA system (Line bandwidth, optical power
requirement, Cross talk)
Solitons (Pulses, parameters, Width and spacing)

50m

2(458-466)

50m

2(467-477)
4(364-378),8

BB/PPT/ICT

50m

2(477-482),9

BB/PPT/ICT

50m

2(482-488)

BB/PPT

50m

2(488-498)

BB/PPT

50m

2(499-505)
4(154-158)
6(254-261)

BB/PPT

50m

BB/PPT

Optical CDMA
Ultra High Capacity Networks (WDM systems, Bit
interleaved optical TDM, Time slotted optical TDM)
CAT-III

50m
50m

2(505-513)
4(98-101)
2(514-516)
2(516-519),7

BB/PPT

BB/PPT
BB/PPT/ICT

90m

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02

LP EC2402
LP Rev. No: 03
Date: 27-06-14
Page 06 of 06

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code & Name: EC2402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND
NETWORKING

Branch : EC
Course Delivery Plan:
1
2
3

Semester:VII

10

11

12

13

14

Week

I II I II I II I II I II

I II

I II

UNIT

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3

CAT 1

I II I II I II I II I II I II

I II

3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

CAT 2

CAT 3

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communication John M. Senior Pearson Education Second Edition. 2007
2. Optical Fiber Communication Gerd Keiser Mc Graw Hill Third Edition. 2000
REFERENCES:
3. J.Gower, Optical Communication System, Prentice Hall of India, 2001
4. Rajiv Ramaswami, Optical Networks, Second Edition, Elsevier, 2004.
5. Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems, third edition, John Wiley & sons, 2004.
6. R.P. Khare, Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics, Oxford University Press, 2007.
7. http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/acrobat/opt_net.pdf
8. http://www.urec.fr/hd/DWDM/ALCATEL/optical_network.pdf
9. http://www.nptel.ac.in

Prepared by

Approved by

Dr.S.Ganesh Vaidyanathan

Designation

Mr.M.H.Masood,
Mr.N.Kumaran
AP-EC

Date

17-07-14

17-07-14

Signature
Name

HOD-EC