Name: Paul Gualoto

Date: March 28, 2015

Radical Railways.
By Noel McKeegan NY, Times
Public

transport

systems

offer

many

advantages over the personal alternatives

when it comes to getting large numbers of
people from A to B in style and safety - less
congestion, less pollution and lower costs
for starters. But while we certainly see
plenty of impetus on the personal transport,
fresh concepts for the future of mass
transport don't seem to enjoy the same
level of exposure, despite the fact that many cities around the world are still
saddled with public transport infrastructure that's been in place for over a
century.
Superconducting vacuum trains; While fast, frictionless maglev train systems
have been operational for decades, they haven't exactly become ubiquitous perhaps because of the cost of the systems, or perhaps because there is no
compelling need to replace the already widespread and workable conventional
railway infrastructure. Either way, the idea is not about to fade from our
collective imagination and several maglev of the future concepts have been
floated.
The Evacuated Tube Transport (ETT) system envisions superconducting
maglev trains operating in evacuated tubes at speeds of up to 6,500 km/h
(4,039 mph) on international trips - that's New York to Beijing in two hours! The
proponents of this system say that ET3 could be 50 times more efficient than
electric cars or trains.
Terraspan goes even further than ultra-efficient mass transport with its vision for
a network of superconducting tunnels. As well as providing infrastructure for

"Terraspan trains," this network would also facilitate zero loss transmission of
electricity to our homes.
A 500 km/h (310 mph) vacuum train project has also been proposed for
Switzerland, but as the Swissmetro site outs it: "So a far-advanced technology
of and for the next generation remains in the drawer."
Tring theory
Another high-speed rail concept that aims to present an alternative to
conventional systems without the astronomical price tag is Anatoly Unitsky's
String Transport System. The concept is based on the use of what look like
heavy-duty above ground electrical wires, but instead of carrying power, these
high-tension wires become the support for carriages.
The proponents of the system see big advantages in terms of cost (somewhere
between three and 10 times less expensive than a railway, maglev system,
monorail system or motorway) and efficiency (an 80 kW (107hp) motor would
take a 20-person passenger vehicle up to 155 mph (250 km/h)).
Reversing roles
Taking the above ground rail concept further (and then turning it on its head) is
Robert C. Pulliam's Tubular Rails. In this system the trains themselves carry the
tracks, while the wheels and motors are contained in elevated rings that the
train passes through at speeds of up to 240 km/h (150 mph). Because the
design would cause minimal disruption to existing infrastructure and the
technology is readily available, Tubular Rail estimates that construction costs
could be 60 percent less than conventional urban train networks.
This system concept, the trains themselves carry the tracks, while the wheels
and engines are contained in the raised rings train passes through at speeds up
to 240 km / h (150 mph). Its design causes minimal disruption of existing
infrastructure and technology is available, and the costs are low and the system
is efficient.

TOPIC: Radical Railways

TOPIC SENTENCE: Public transport systems offer many advantages over the
personal alternatives when it comes to getting large numbers of people from A
to B in style and safety
SUPPORTING SENTENCES:
Details # 1: New concepts

Less congestion, less pollution and lower costs

Impetus on the personal transport
Fresh concepts for the future of mass transport
Public transport infrastructure

Details # 2: Superconducting vacuum trains

System envisions superconducting maglev trains

Operating in evacuated tubes at speeds of up to 6,500 km/h (4,039 mph)

on international trips
50 times more efficient than electric cars or trains.
Superconducting tunnel

Details # 3: Tring theory

Is based on the use of what look like heavy-duty above ground electrical

wires
Advantages in terms of cost

Details # 3: Reversing roles

Taking the above ground rail concept further

Carry the tracks, while the wheels and motors are contained in elevated

rings that the train

Construction costs could be 60 percent less than conventional urban
train networks.

CONCLUDING SENTENCES:

In conclusion these are some of the alternatives offered by the future,

human knowledge research and technology make possible these

wonderful buildings
reducing costs and ensuring human security transport,

Radical Railways.
Public transport systems offer many advantages over personal choices when it
comes to moving large numbers of people from A to B in style and safety. New
concepts for mass transport seek to reduce pollution, congestion, and lower
transportation costs, but today the world focuses on personal transportation,
avoiding public transport and the emergence of new concepts such as: Role
reversal, vacuum superconductor trains and theory Tring that are part of human
knowledge that require minimal intervention in the existing infrastructure to
generate multiple benefits.
One of the more recent concepts of innovation is based on, Superconducting
vacuum trains. This system provides trains superconductor maglev avoiding
friction with the rails to increase speed and reduce travel time for example
operating in vacuum tubes at speeds of up to 6,500 km / h (4.039 mph) in
international travel the distance between New York to Beijing is reduced to a

time of 2 hours as a result it is 50 times more efficient than cars and electric
trains.
Another concept of high-speed trains which aims to present an alternative to
conventional systems, is Tring theory, this is based on the use of what appear to
be high-strength cables that become support cars. there are great advantages
in terms of cost and efficiency, in terms of speed and travel time.
The concept of Reversing roles is a system where the trains themselves carry
the tracks, while the wheels and engines are contained in the high rings the
train passes through at speeds up to 240 km / h (150 mph). Its design causes
minimal disruption of existing infrastructure and technology is available, and the
costs are low and the system is efficient.
In conclusion these are some of the alternatives offered by the future, human
knowledge research and technology make possible these wonderful buildings,
reducing costs, and ensuring human security transport,