(GH: 8 — WORK ENERGY & POWER -50- Class :X Qu Ans Q Ans. WORK ENERGY ANDPOWER Explain the term work derive its mathematical expression and give its unit. WORK: When a force acts on a body, and body cover some displacement then work is said to be done. Since work depend upon two physical quantities ie. Force and displacement therefore work can be define as follow. “The produce of force and displacement is equal to work” HEMA’ PRESSION: If force “F” is apply on a body and body cover displacement *s" in the direction of force then work “Ww” can be calculate as follow: Work = Force displacement WORE ES If force F make an angle @ then work W is equal to product of component of force in the direction of motion F, and displacement $ W=FS W=FCos8S F Fy W = FS Cos 0 i > x-axis Unit of work: In SI system the unit of work is Joule and it is denoted by J. (One Joule: If 1N force produces a displacement of Lm then amount of work is equal to. 1 Joule. Explain he term power, give its formula and describe its units. Power: The work done by a body in unit time is called power. OR The rate of doing work is called power. : Mathematical: If a body perform work “W" in the “t” then power P is given by Work done Power = —“=0ne time Unit of Power; Since unit of work is Joule and unit of time is second therefore unit of power become Joule/Second (J/s) and it is called Watt (W). So the SI unit of power is watt. Some bigger unit of power are following ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X -51- CH: 8 ~ WORK ENERGY & POWER Q3. Ans. Qa. Ans. Qs. Ans 1000 watt = 10? watt = 1 KW 1000000 watt = 10° watt = 1 MW 746 watt = 1 hp (horse power) One Watt: If one Joule work is done in one sec then power is one watt Nature: Power is a Scalar quantity. Prove that Power is the product of force and velocity. Power of Velocity: Suppose a constant force “F” acts on a body and displaces it through distance “d” in the direction of force in time "t’, the work done is: W = Fd (a) and average power developed is pit 2 1 Put the value of W in equation (2) pues t 1 but = average velocity 1 e 0% Hence P = Fv ort Est Hence power is the product of the force and velocity. gr cahinet ah oh ep Define Energy and Write Kind of Energy Energy: The capability of doing some work is called Energy. Energy is an agent which is responsible to do work. Unit & Energy: In SI the unit of energy is Joule and it is denoted by J Kind of Energy: There are many kinds of energy some of the important are following: Mechanical Energy, Chemical Energy, Electrical Energy, Heat Energy, Light Eneray, Nuclear Energy, Solar Energy etc. Define Kinetic energy and derive the relation K.E The energy which is produced in a body by virtue of its motion is called Kinetic Energy Example: L.A bullet fired from a gun 2. Acar moving on the road 3. A boy running on the ground. mM cal’ Derivation! Consider a body of mass m is initially at rest (i.e V; = 0), Now force F is applied on the body and body acquire velocity V(i.e Vi = V). If body cover some displacement “S" then ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE(CH: 8 — WORK ENERGY & POWER 252. Class: X 26. work done given by W=FS @ If force “F” produce an acceleration “a” then according to Newton second law of motion. Feman 2) In order to find the value of S we use third equation of motion. 2as= Ve = VP 2as = V?- 07 ye =o 3 ay Putting the value F and $ in equation (1) W=m¢- 1 We tm? 4) 2 ay This work done is capable to_move the body so this work done is converted into Kinetic energy therefore equation (4) below. KE=1 mt 2 Define Potential Energy or gravitational potential energy and derive the relation PE = mga Potential Energy or Gravitational Potential Energy: The energy which is produce in a body by virtue of position (height) is called potential energy. Example: A stone lying on the roof, a book lying on a table, a man on the first floor of a building, eal Dabwation: Consider a body of mass “m” is placed on the surface of the earth. Now force “F” is applied on the body in the upward direction against the force of gravity and body attain height h. The work done on the body is given by W=FS__() Since F = mg and $ ='h Therefore equation (1) become W=mgh___(2) Due to this work done the body attain a height h and body acquire some energy so this work done is converted into potential energy therefore equation (2) become P.E =mgh ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X 53. CH: 8 — WORKENERGY & POWER Q7. Define Elastic Potential Energy and derive the PE. = junit. Ans. Elastic Potential Energy: Ifa spring is wound, work is done in winding it against the elastic force of spring. This work is stored in the spring as potential energy. This type of potential energy is due to constrained position of the spring anchis called elastic potential energy. To find the eneray stored in a compressed spring, we calculate the work required to compress it.In figure (1) a force “F” pushes a spring to compress it from its equilibrium position ‘0’ to some other position x, this force is directly proportional to the amount of the compression. ie. Fox or F=kx. 0 Where 'k’is force constant (spring constant) its value depends on how stiff the spring is, Since the compression force is zero at 'O' and Kr at x, the average force needed to compress the spring from position O to xis $e i hah ch st Therefore work done in compressing the spring is = W = Faw ¢ et oo at Or. Wet kxxx-b Ket opr cee zs i Raat! ao This work causes the elastic potential energy, therefore eS Elastic Potential Energy = Zt Q8. Write three points of difference between K.E. and P.E. Ans KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY | 1._ The energy possessed by body by virtue |1. Energy possessed by a body byirtue ofits | of its motion is called Kinetic Energy. position is called Potentialeneray. 2 Itcan be calculated by the fallowing _—*|2._ It can be calculated by 1 ve P.E = mgh KeE= + eer ag 14. It value increases with the increase in 3. It value increases with velocity. altitude, ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE(CH: 8 ~ WORK ENERGY & POWER -54- Class :X Qo. Ans. Qu0. Ans. Discuss the inter conversion of Kine! cof motion of free fall body. INTER( Vi sTIC ENERGY AND POTEN’ 4 Scientists believe that the amount of certain quantities in the universe never changes. These quantities are called conserved quantities. Important and useful aspect of energy is the fact that energy is @ conserved quantity and the total amount of energy always remains constant. Consider an object of mass ‘m’ lying at a height 'h’ from earth's surface at point 'P’. It possesses potential energy equal to mgh and Kinetic energy equal to zero. Let the body be allowed to fall down under the action of gravity. During its downward motion, its height above the ground decreases continuously so its potential energy also decreases. As the body has been accelerating under the action of gravity, hence the work done by it is equal to its Kinetic energy. Thus when the body falls freely under gravity and when there is no opposing force there is a continuous decrease in its P.E and this decrease is equal to increase in KE. When it reaches the surface of the earth its P.E. is zero and whole of the energy is Kinetic. Loss in P.E. at O = Gain:in K.E. at O. energy and potential energy with the help mah = $m State and explain law of conservation of Energy? CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: Energy is a conserved quantity: The amount of energy in the universe is fixed. Eneray can be transferred between system and the environment and can also be converted from one form to another. There.are many forms of energy. All forms of energy are exchangeable with mechanical-energy. In section 8.8 we have seen that in the absence of any opposing force, the loss of potential energy of a body is equal to the gain in its kinetic energy; this means the total energy of the body remains constant. We have many forms of energy such as light energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, heat energy etc. whenever energy of some kind disappears, an equivalent amount of other form of energy appears. In this process the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant. This fact explains a general law known as law of conservation of energy. It states that “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can be changed from one form to an other form but the total amount of energy remains constant’. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X -55- CH: 8 - WORKENERGY & POWER Given below are a few possible answers to each statement of which one is correct. Identify the correct one. 0 (ii) (iii) ) (vi) wii) wii) & (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called. {a) Potential energy (b) Chemical energy (Light energy (d) Kinetic energy Work is done when a body is moved through a distance by a. (@) Fulcrum —(b)_ Inclined plane (Mechanical advantages (Force The unit of work is. (@) Watt (b) Joule () Newton (d)_—Kilogram If the speed of a body is doubled, its kinetic energy becomes. (@) half {b) twice (c) three times (a) four times Which one of the following is same as kg m/s”. ~ (@) Joule (b) Newton ()_— Watt (d) Kilowatt A body of weight 100N is placed at a height of Sm. The magnitude of P.E (@) 100) (b) 200) 1500) (d) 120) L horse power is equal to. (@ 1000watt (b) 756watt () 10°watt (d) 746 watt When a body is dropped from a height its P.-E. (2) increases (b) decreases (remain same (d)_~ none of them A bullet fired from a gun, possessed. @ KE (b) PE. (‘Heat Energy (d) Sound Energy A body perform 50J work in 10Sec, the power of the body is. (2) S50watt (b) lOwatt (c) S00watt (d) Swat If the force applied is parallel to the direction of motion, then work done is (@ Maximum (b) Minimum) ()_— Zero (d) Negative Which of the following defined the power... ro @. tr ) Fad ( Pd @ Fy The energy stored in the spring of a watch is: (@) Kinetic energy (b) Electrical energy (Magnetic energy (d) Elastic potential eneray Kinetic and potential energies are inter convertible i.e. loss in KE. = (@ GaininKE. (b) GaininP.E. (c) Losin PE. (d) None of them The sum of kinetic and potential energies of a falling body: (a) Is constant at all points (b) Is maximum in the beginning (Q._ Isminimum in the beginning (d)_Is maximum in the middle of the pat ey eNTER nh pa CO! wee Le sans a AMNBT? ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE