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The amplifier (Figure 1) uses an LM358 dual op amp to provide two identical broadlytuned
band pass stages. The circuit runs from a single 6 Volt battery (a regulated 5 volt supply can also
be used). The potentiometer allows the overall gain to be adjusted. Components are not critical
but the two 2.2 F capacitors must be able to stand some reverse bias so they should be non
polarized or tantalum.
PROCEDURE
1. Fabricate the circuit as shown in Figure 1.
2. Measure and document the waveform you get at the Collector of the phototransistor.
3. Measure and document the waveform you get at the output (Pin 1) of the dual opamp
shown.
4. Measure and document the waveform you get at the output (Pin 7) of the dual opamp
shown.
5. Now adjust the 10K pot to see that the output waveform (from Pin 7 of the dual opamp)
changes.
6. Specifically, connect the output of the amplifier to the input of an oscilloscope. Adjust the
potentiometer so that the output is about 2 Volts peak, the trace should then look like that
in Figure 2, with each pulse wave clearly visible.
7. Now compute the interval between successive peaks to determine the heart rate.
Figure 2: Expected output of PPG Sensor seen with the oscilloscope.
THEORY
It might seem odd that a psychologist would be interested in the study of skin temperature.
However the events that take place in the brain influence skin temperature. A peripheral
response, like a change in skin temperature, can be used as an indicator of brain activity, state of
mind, or psychological state. Skin temperature depends on three types of factors:
- Environmental conditions.
- Individual variables, such as, genetics, health, etc.
- Cognitive / emotional or psychological states.
When the environmental or individual factors are controlled, or held constant, the skin
temperature can still vary between 1 and 2 0 F, due to a variation in a subjects cognitive /
emotional or psychological states. The circuit is as shown in Figure 1.
4.7k
1.2V