The Respiratory System

Smelling all sorts of things.

Case 1:

The Respiratory System is responsible for a

total of 4 processes.
1. Breathing: moving air into and out of the lungs
2. External Respiration: exchange of gases between inhaled air and blood.
1. Where does this happen?

3. Internal Respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluids.

1. In what vessels does this happen?

4. Cellular Respiration: process of producing ATP.

1. Where does this occur?
2. What is ATP?

Major Portions of the Respiratory Tract

The Respiratory Tract
1. Nose
2. Nasopharynx
3. Mouth/Tongue

4. Oropharynx
5. Laryngopharynx
6. Epiglottis
7. Larynx
8. Trachea

9. Bronchus
10. Alveoli

Upper vs Lower
Upper Respiratory Tract
Essentially the passageway that gets the
air to and from the lungs.

Lower Respiratory Tract

The lungs themselves.

The Lungs

The Right Lung is divided into three lobes.

The Right Superior Lobe
Horizontal Fissure

The Right Middle Lobe

Oblique Fissure

The Right Inferior Lobe

The Left Lung is divided into two lobes.

The Left Superior Lobe
Oblique Fissure

The Left Inferior Lobe

This lung is smaller to accommodate the

location of the heart.

The Intercostal Muscles

The rib cage encases the lungs, therefore
it needs a way to accommodate for the
flux of lung size during breathing.
There are three types of intercostal
muscles that are found between the ribs.
External Intercostal
Internal Intercostal

Innermost Intercostal

The Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in

respiration.
The contraction of this muscle, increases
the area of the lungs allowing you to
inhale more air. Inhalation or Inspiration
The relaxation of this muscle decreases
the area of the lungs, expelling air from
the lungs. Exhalation or Expiration

Pulmonary Circuit

External Respiration
Exchange of gas between air and
blood. In the capillaries of the
alveoli of the pulmonary artery or
vein.

Systemic Circuit

Internal Respiration
Exchange of gas between blood
and tissue. In the capillaries of
arteries and veins.

Cellular Respiration
Internal Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration
Aerobic

Anaerobic

Aerobic Cellular Respiration happens inside

individual cells and is responsible for the
production of ATP from oxygen and glucose.
Glycolysis

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration also occurs in

individual cells, but it only happens when
oxygen is not present. It produces ATP but
not a sufficient amount.

Citric Acid Cycle

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Electron Transport Chain

Alcohol Fermentation

Electrons carried
via NADH and
FADH2

Electrons
carried
via NADH

Citric
acid
cycle

Glycolysis
Pyruvate

Glucose

Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis

Mitochondrion
Cytosol

ATP

ATP

ATP

Substrate-level
phosphorylation

Substrate-level
phosphorylation

Oxidative
phosphorylation

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Amino
acids

Sugars

Glycolysis
Glucose

Glyceraldehyde-3- P

NH3

Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA

Citric
acid
cycle

Oxidative
phosphorylation

Fats

Glycerol

Fatty
acids

Glucose

CYTOSOL

Glycolysis
Pyruvate

No O2 present:
Fermentation

O2 present:
Aerobic cellular
respiration

MITOCHONDRION

Ethanol
or
lactate

Acetyl CoA
Citric
acid
cycle

Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate becomes Lactate, and there is
no release of Carbon Dioxide gas.
Used to make cheese and yogurt, by
fungi and bacteria.
Human muscle cells use this to generate
ATP when O2 is low.

Alcohol Fermentation
Pyruvate is converted into ethanol.
Used by yeast in baking, winemaking and
brewing.

Case 2:

Youre really thirsty so you reach over to

grab your water bottle. As you begin to
drink your water, you begin to violently
cough. You try to stop, but you cant help
it. There is a room of people now looking
at you. What is going on?

Case 3:

Its 10:39 and you are hanging out in

Sullivan when you realize that your class in
Marillac starts in one minute. In an effort to
not be late, you make a run for it. Halfway
up the stairs, you start to get a burning
sensation. Why?

Case 4:

You and your cellmates are bored in jail

with nothing to do. You notice that
together you all have the following items.
Oranges, sugar, bread, water and a
plastic bag. What can you make with
these items that utilizes the process of
respiration?

Case 5:

Its been a long week and you just want to

stay home, but your friends hit you up to join
them on a joy ride. Little do you know its
only to that lonely street, so that they can
pull over, park and puff puff pass their time
away with the windows up. You know you
have a drug test coming up so you dont
join them, but you stay in the car. Why is this
poor judgement on your part?