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UNIT 9.

MACHINES
A MACHINE IS ANY OBJECT THAT WE USE TO PERFORM A TASK WITH LESS EFFORT OR MORE
SPEED.

MACHINES
HELP US

LIFT WEIGHTS

MOVE FROM
ONE PLACE TO
ANOTHER

DO DOMESTICS
TASKS

HEAT OUR
HOUSES

COMUNICATE
&
PLAY

MACHINES need ENERGY to work.

SPANNER

CART

NEED

MOVE IF

FORCE

HORSE
PULLS IT

COMPUTERS

CARS & AEROPLANES

NEED TO BE

PLUGGED

WINDMILLS

MOVE WITH

NEED

FUEL
(GASOLINA)

WIND OR
WATER

SIMPLE MACHINES
ONE PIECE OR VERY FEW PIECES

INCLINED PLANE

RAMP:
*BETWEEN 2 POINTS
DIFERENT LEVELS

LEVER

WHEEL

STRONG RIGID BAR


THAT MOVE ON A
POINT OF SUPPORT

SORT CYLINDER THAT


TURNS ON A BAR THAT
PASSES THROUGH ITS
CENTRE

INCREASED POWER
*REDUCE THE FORCE
TO RAISE HEAVY OBJECTS
ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER

BAR CALLED AXLE


*CAN LIFT HEAVY OR
CRUSH OBJECTS

*MOVE HEAVY
OBJECTS
WITH LITTE EFFORT

PULLEY

WHEEL WITH A
CHANNEL AROUND
ITS OUTER EDGE
A ROPE OR CABLE
SITS INSIDE CHANNEL
*HELP US LIFT
OBJECTS

COMPOUND MACHINES
*ARE MADE FROM MANY PARTS
*ARE VERY EFFICIENT (USE LESS ENERGY TO GREATER EFFECT)

A MOTOR

OTHER COMPOUND MACHINES

*MACHINE THAT TRANSFORM THE ENERGY


IT RECIVES INTO MOVIMENT.

*WORK ON

FUEL
ELECTRICITY
WATER CURRENTS
WIND
STRENGTH OF

*PERFORM DIVERSE TASKS WITH THE


ENERGY THAT THEY RECIVE.

LAMPS

AN ANIMAL PRODUCE
LIGHT
A HUMAN

*CAN BE CONNECTED TO OTHERS MACHINES:


PRODUCE MOVEMENT
MOST VEHICLES

*HAS GOT MOTOS

MACHINES IN
FACTORIES
MACHINES IN OUR
HOMES

BOILERS

TV

COMPUTERS

PRODUCE TRANSFORM TRANSFORM


HEAT
ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL
SIGNALS
SIGNAL
INTO
INTO
IMAGES
INFORMATION
&
SOUND

MACHINES HELP US
HUMANS HAVE BUILT AND USED MACHINES SINCE ANCIENT TIMES

THE FIRST MACHINES (THE OLDEST)

VERY SIMPLE MADE FROM NATURAL MATERIALS DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

LEVERS
*MADE FROM TREE BRANCHES
& STONES.

WORKED BY HUMAN FORCE AND LATER BY

RAMPS
*MADE FROM SAND

*LATER: BALANCES &


CATAPULTS.

SLEDS
*TO MOVE STONE &
HEAVY MATERIALS

HOW MACHINES EVOLVED

WITH THE INVENTION OF WHEEL, AXLES AND LEVERS WE STARTED TO USE OTHER FORMS OF
ENERGY: THE POWER OF WIND & WATER

CARTS

*PULLED BY HORSES,
OXEN & DONKEYS.
TRANSPORT
*USED

WATERWHEELS

*USED TO
WATER CROPS

HIDRAULIC WHEELS

WINDMILLS

*USED ENERGY OF
FLOWING WATER

*USED TO GRIND
GRAIN & PUMP
WATER

*MOVE WITH
WATER

*WORKED WITH
THE POWER OF
WIND.

IN WAR

FISRT CRANES

*MADE
OF WOOD
*POWERED
BY HUMAN
& ANIMALS
*USED TO
CONSTRUCT
BIG BUILDINGS
(CATHEDRALS
& CASTLES

MACHINES TODAY
TODAY WE USE SIMPLES MACHINES AND NEW COMPOUND MACHINES WITH COMPLEX COMPUTERS AND
MOTORS SUCH A ROBOTS: CAN FUNCTIONS WITHOUT HUMANS.

USED ENERGY SUCH A FUEL & ELECTRICITY

WASHING MACHINES

IN OUR HOMES

DISHWASHERS

FOOD PROCESSORS

PRINTERS

VACUUM CLEANERS

A) MACHINES THAT HELP US AT WORK

AGRICULTURAL
FARMERS
USE
TRACTORS &
HARVERSTERS

LIVESTOK
FARMERS
USE
MACHINES TO
MILK COWS

FISHERMEN

INDUSTRY

USE

USE

BOATS WITH
RADARS

CRANERS,
CONVEYORS BELT
OTHERS

MACHINES TO
FEED ANIMALS

SCIENTIFIC & MEDICAL


RESEACH
USE
MICROSCOPES,
X-RAY MACHINES,
SATELITES

B) MACHINES OF TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT CAN BE

ON LAND

TRAIN-LORRIES-CARS-MOTORBIKES

ON WATER

BOAT AND COMPLEX MACHINES

BY AIR

AEROPLANES
& HELICOPTERS

C) MACHINES FOR RECREATION AND COMMUNICATION

TELEPHONES-RADIOS-TELEVISIONS
COMPUTERS

RADIOS-TELEVISIONS-COMPUTERS

CONNECTED INTERNET

TRANSMIT INFORMATION A LOT OF


PEOPLE AT THE SAME TIME

LET US COMMUNICATE

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