Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Metric Edition of
ANSI/AGMA 1003--H07)
American
National
Standard
Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition)
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the
standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,
substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.
Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a
concerted effort be made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not
in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from
manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not
conforming to the standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no
circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National
Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers
Association.
CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,
revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA
technical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the
Association on the subject matter.
[Tables or other self--supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition), published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery
Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http://www.agma.org.]
ABSTRACT
Tooth proportions for fine--pitch gearing are similar to those of coarse pitch gearing except in the matter of clearance. For 20 degree profile angle fine--pitch gearing, this standard provides a system of enlarged pinions which
use the involute form above 5 degrees of roll. Data on 14--1/2 and 25 degree profile angle systems , as well as a
discussion of enlargement and tooth thickness are included in the annexes.
Published by
ii
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Terms and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
General features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Basis for enlarged (long addendum) pinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
1
1
1
3
6
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Annexes
A
B
C
D
E
13
15
16
18
20
Tables
1
2
3
4
5
Figures
1
2
3
4
5
Basic rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Effect of profile shift (addendum modification) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Form diameter on undercut teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Form diameter on fillet blend teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Center distance and line of action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
iii
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Foreword
[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for
informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of AGMA Standard
1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition).]
As originally developed by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, this standard
was in two parts: the first part, Clearance for 20--Degree Pressure Angle Fine--Pitch Gears
(AGMA 470.01); and the second, 20--Degree Involute Fine--Pitch System for Spur Gears
(AGMA 207.02).
In May, 1949, the two standards were combined and completely re--edited. The next
revision of this standard was begun in 1955.
As a result of the increasing use of gears by sintering and injection molding process, and for
greater tooth strength, tooth forms for 25 degree pressure angle were included. Control
gearing containing large numbers of teeth was recognized by data on the 14--1/2 degree
pressure angle system in the information sheets.
AGMA 207.05, was approved by Sectional Committee B6 and by the sponsors, and
designated USA Standard B6.7--1967 as of September 18, 1967.
Due to difficulties encountered in fabricating gears with involute profiles to the base circle,
the Fine--Pitch committee developed a new set of tooth proportions for enlarged pinions that
would not require active tooth profiles below five degrees of roll.
AGMA 207.06 was approved by the Fine--Pitch Gearing Committee in June, 1971 and
approved by the membership as of May, 1974.
ANSI/AGMA 1003--G93 was a revision of AGMA 207.06. The term profile angle was
introduced in place of the basic rack pressure angle. Metric data were added, including
ISO symbols. Tables for 20 degree profile angle were revised, and supported with simpler
equations and procedures. The lower range of tooth numbers was redone with less
enlargement, improved contact ratio, and less specific sliding. Data for 7 and 8 tooth pinions
were omitted, as they require special design consideration beyond the scope of this
standard. A revised procedure was employed to verify undercut limits, superseding the
approximate and more conservative prior method. Formulas were supplied for all tabulated
data. The data on helical gearing was revised using a simple procedure to allow helical
configuration.
Information was added to clarify the distinction between form diameter as generated and
the limit diameter established by operational contact, which determines the contact ratio.
Clarification was made regarding categories of center distance which often was a source of
confusion in the prior standard. Cautionary notes were added to indicate that meshes
employing very small numbers of teeth, while geometrically correct, still require analyses for
strength, durability, and clearances. The 5 degree form diameter enlargement method was
extended to include the 14--1/2 degree system, and revisions were made to the 25 degree
system.
ANSI/AGMA 1003--G93 was approved by the Fine--Pitch Gearing Committee in February,
1992 and approved by the AGMA Board of Directors as of May, 1992.
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07 adds clause 4.9 on fillet root radius values due to cutting tool tip
radius, and annex E, which compares several systems for selecting tooth thickness of
pinions.
The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07 was made in September, 1999. It was approved by
the AGMA membership in March, 2006. It was approved as an American National Standard
on September 19, 2007..
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria,
Virginia 22314.
iv
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
ACTIVE MEMBERS
D.E. Bailey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T.H. Dobosz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M. Eichinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y. Kotlyar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. Laskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H. Minasian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
vi
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
AGMA 904--C96, Metric Usage
ANSI/AGMA
2002--B88,
Tooth
Specification and Measurement
Thickness
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Description
Units
Center distance
Calculated tight mesh center distance
Clearance
Clearance, gear tip to pinion root
Pitch diameter
Outside diameter
Outside diameter of pinion
Outside diameter of gear
Root diameter
Standard pitch diameter of pinion
Standard pitch diameter of gear
Addendum
Addendum, pinion
Addendum, gear
Dedendum
Whole depth
Working depth
Backlash
Module, normal
Module, transverse
Circular pitch, normal
Circular pitch, transverse
Base radius of pinion
Base radius of gear
Outside radius of pinion
Outside radius of gear
Fillet radius, maximum
Tooth thickness at outside diameter
Top land, pinion
Top land, gear
Tooth thickness, normal
Tooth thickness, transverse
Tooth thickness, pinion
Tooth thickness, gear
Number of teeth
Number of teeth, calculated
Number of teeth, pinion
Number of teeth, gear
Transverse pressure angle at calculated tight mesh center distance
Pressure angle at outside diameter
Profile angle, normal
Basic rack transverse profile angle
Profile angle
Helix angle
Center distance enlargement with rack
Addendum modification
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
-- --- --- --- -degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
mm
mm
Where
first used
Table 2
Eq 16
Table 2
Table 4
Table 2
Table 2
Eq 15
Eq 15
Table 2
Eq 15
Eq 15
Table 2
Table 4
Table 5
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
4.6
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Table 2
Figure 5
Figure 5
Figure 5
Figure 5
Table 2
5.4
Table 4
Table 5
Table 2
Table 2
Eq 19
Eq 19
Table 2
Eq 20
Table 2
Table 2
Eq 16
Eq 13
Table 2
Eq 20
Table 2
Table 2
5.9
Eq 6
(continued)
ISO
Symbol
s
x
x
x
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Table 1 (concluded)
Description
Tooth thickness modification
Enlargement
Contact ratio
Calculated tight mesh contact ratio
Contact ratio, enlarged
Units
mm
mm
-- --- --- --
Where
first used
Eq 4
Eq 3
Eq 15
Eq 16
Table 4
4 General features
The standard profile angle is 20 degrees, and is recommended for most applications. In the annexes,
data may be found on 14--1/2 and 25 degree profile
angle systems. Profile angle of helical teeth is taken
in the normal plane.
Circular
pitch
Addendum
Working
Whole depth
depth
Clearance
Pitch
line
Fillet
radius
Profile
angle
Dedendum
Tooth
thickness
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Spur
Helical
Addendum, ha
1.000 m t
1.000 m n
Dedendum, hf
1.200 m t + 0.05
1.200 m n + 0.05
2.000 m t
2.000 m n
Whole depth, ht
2.200 m t + 0.05
2.200 m n + 0.05
Clearance, c (standard)
0.200 m t + 0.05
0.200 m n + 0.05
c
1 sin 0
c
1 sin n
mt
2
Formulas
pt = mt
Working depth, hw
(z + 2 ) mt
z1 + z2
mt
2
where
st is transverse tooth thickness at standard pitch
diameter;
sn is normal tooth thickness at standard pitch
diameter;
mn is normal module;
mt is transverse module;
pt is transverse circular pitch;
(1)
(z m n)
(2.4 m n) 0.100
cos m
z1 + z2
m
2 cos m n
( z 2.4 )m t 0.100
p
m
z
z1
z2
0
n
mn
2
p = mn
z mn
cos m
z mn
+ 2m n
cos m
z mt
sn =
st =
(2)
Greater clearance than given in table 3 may be required if teeth are to be finished by a secondary operation. While the required clearance may vary with
specific gear applications, a value of 0.350 mn should
provide the necessary amount in most cases. See
ANSI/AGMA 1102--A03, ANSI B94.21--1995, and
AGMA 917--B97.
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Table 3 shows the tooth dimensions for each module. Gear ratios at non--standard center distances
which are sometimes fixed by component design requirements can usually be obtained using standard
pitch cutters and enlarging one or both of the mating
gears. See annex E.6.
2
Circular
pitch
3.9270
3.1416
2.8274
2.5133
2.1991
1.8850
1.5708
1.2566
0.9425
0.6283
3
Circular
thickness
1.9635
1.5708
1.4137
1.2566
1.0996
0.9425
0.7854
0.6283
0.4712
0.3142
4
Working
depth
2.500
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
5
Whole
depth
2.800
2.250
2.030
1.810
1.590
1.370
1.150
0.930
0.710
0.490
6
Clearance
0.300
0.250
0.230
0.210
0.190
0.170
0.150
0.130
0.110
0.090
Addendum Dedendum
1.250
1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
1.550
1.250
1.130
1.010
0.890
0.770
0.650
0.530
0.410
0.290
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
addendum provides an allowance for center distance variation and eccentricity of mating gear outside diameter. The 5 degrees avoids the use of the
involute in the area near the base circle.
A corresponding increase in tooth thickness is made
along with the addendum modification, see figure 2.
NOTE: Caution should be exercised in using enlarged
pinions in speed increasing drives to avoid excessive
friction, deflection, and possible lockup.
12 tooth
1 module
20 pressure angle
1.5708 mm tooth
thickness at reference
pitch diameter
12 tooth
1 module
20 pressure angle
1.94703 mm tooth
thickness at reference
pitch diameter
5.1 Enlargement, x
Top land
Involute
profile
Start of active
profile (SAP)
Fillet
zone
Corner round
Limit diameter
Form diameter
Base diameter
Root diameter
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Tip chamfer
Top land
Involute
profile
Limit diameter
Form diameter
Fillet
zone
Diameter at 5
minimum roll angle
Root diameter
Base diameter
The addendum modification, ha, satisfies the requirement that any radial height undercut above the
base circle must not exceed the 5 degree roll angle
diameter, see figures 3 and 4.
5.5 Undercut
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
(12)
(3)
s t = + s
2
(4)
s
s e = d ae zt + inv 0 inv e
s = 2 x tan 0
(5)
e = cos1
h a = x
(6)
1)
is enlargement = a, mm.
z1
mt
st
z cos
d
0
ae
(13)
(14)
d2 d1 cos 02
ae1
=
2 p t cos 0
(15)
where
2), 3)
(11)
d f = z 2.4 2 x
NOTE: Equation 3 is taken from reference [4] and contains a mathematical error in the use of tan 5. This
should have been tan 4.98726, which is the equivalent pressure angle for 5 degrees of roll angle. The use
of tan 5 provides a roll angle of 5.01273.
Since the purpose is to avoid contact in this region, it
provides a slight extra allowance.
To avoid wholesale tabular corrections to long standing
data, the original equation has been retained.
The 5 degree form diameter is based on the use of a
1.05 addendum rack, and is equivalent to the limit
diameter with this rack.
d2 d1 cos 02
ae1
x =
2 p t cos 0
(16)
where
dae
is number of teeth;
ha
is addendum, mm;
df
se
is contact ratio;
h a = 1.05 0.5 z
sin 0sin 0 cos 0 tan 5
(7)
d ae = z + 2 2 h a
(8)
1), 2)
h a = 1 h a
(9)
1), 2)
(10)
2)
d 1, d 2
s t = s
2
______________________
1)
Nominal equation, modified when pinion tooth is truncated for minimum top land.
2)
Sign determined by enlargement or reduction from standard.
3)
Actual root diameter is decreased by 0.10 mm.
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
pt
ad
z 1 + z 2 mt
(17)
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Number of
gear teeth
z2
Outside
diameter
(reduced)
dae2
Addendum
(reduced)
ha2
Tooth
thickness
(reduced)
s2
Root
diameter1)
(reduced)
df
Top land
sei2
Contact ratio,
z1 mating with
z2
Number of
teeth in
pinion
z1
39
39.6997
0.3499
38
38.7886
0.3943
1.09754
35.2997
0.8414
1.250
1.12988
34.3886
0.8389
1.313
10
37
37.8775
36
36.9663
0.4387
1.16222
33.4775
0.8357
1.372
11
0.4832
1.19457
32.5663
0.8319
1.427
12
35
34
36.0552
0.5276
1.22691
31.6552
0.8273
1.457
13
35.1440
0.5720
1.25925
30.7440
0.8220
1.484
14
33
34.2329
0.6164
1.29159
29.8329
0.8158
1.507
15
32
33.3218
0.6609
1.32393
28.9218
0.8088
1.528
16
31
32.4106
0.7053
1.35628
28.0106
0.8008
1.546
17
30
31.4995
0.7497
1.38862
27.0995
0.7918
1.562
18
29
30.5883
0.7942
1.42096
26.1883
0.7817
1.574
19
28
29.6772
0.8386
1.45330
25.2772
0.7703
1.585
20
27
28.7660
0.8830
1.48565
24.3660
0.7577
1.593
21
26
27.8549
0.9275
1.51799
23.4549
0.7436
1.598
22
25
26.9438
0.9719
1.55033
22.5438
0.7279
1.601
23
(18)
inv d = inv 0 +
s1 + s2 pt
z 1 + z 2 m t
(19)
where
s1, s2 is tooth thickness of pinion, gear, mm;
pt
10
z2
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
0
rb2
re2
Active
length of
action
Base
pitch
re1
2.10 cos m
t = tan 1
tan
cos
Key
re1, re2 is outside radius of pinion, gear, mm;
rb1, rb2 is base radius of pinion, gear, mm.
Figure 5 -- Center distance and line of action
(20)
where
zg
rb1
(21)
where
2.04405
p
s2 =
2
The following equations (from 5.9 to 5.12) are used:
z1
z2
0
mt
pt
s1
=
=
=
=
=
=
(9 + 24)
= 16.5
2
inv 0 = tan 0 0 = 0.0149044
a=
inv d = 0.0149044
+
(2.04405 + 1.570796 )
(9 + 24) (1)
inv d = 0.0292454
11
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
12
The tight mesh center distance from the above equation is dimensionless. To find the center distance in
millimeters, multiply by the module, mt.
Example for 1 module:
a d = 17.08092 (1) = 17.08092 mm
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Annex A
(informative)
Tooth proportions for 14--1/2 degree fine--pitch gearing
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition).]
1
Number
of teeth
z1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
6
Top land
sei1
0.2750
0.2750
0.2750
0.2750
0.2884
0.3418
0.3898
0.4333
0.4729
0.5090
0.5423
0.5729
0.6013
0.6275
0.6520
0.6747
0.6960
0.7160
0.7347
0.7523
0.7689
0.7844
0.7991
0.8130
0.8262
0.8386
0.8504
0.8616
0.8722
0.8823
0.8919
0.9010
0.9096
0.9178
0.9256
0.9331
0.9402
0.9470
0.9534
0.9595
13
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
1
Minimum
number of
teeth in
gear
z2
Outside
diameter
(reduced)
dae2
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
91.3563
90.3978
89.4393
88.4808
87.5222
86.5637
85.6052
84.6467
83.6882
82.7296
81.7711
80.8126
79.8541
78.8956
77.9371
76.9785
76.0200
75.0615
74.1030
73.1445
72.1860
71.2274
70.2689
69.3104
68.3519
67.3934
66.4349
65.4763
64.5178
63.5593
62.6008
61.6423
60.6837
59.7252
58.7667
57.8082
56.8497
55.8912
54.9326
53.9741
Addendum
(reduced)
ha2
0.1782
0.1989
0.2196
0.2404
0.2611
0.2819
0.3026
0.3233
0.3441
0.3648
0.3856
0.4063
0.4270
0.4478
0.4685
0.4893
0.5100
0.5308
0.5515
0.5722
0.5930
0.6137
0.6345
0.6552
0.6759
0.6967
0.7174
0.7382
0.7589
0.7796
0.8004
0.8211
0.8419
0.8626
0.8834
0.9041
0.9248
0.9456
0.9663
0.9871
Tooth thickness
(reduced)
s2
Root
diameter1)
(reduced)
df
Top land
sei2
1.14571
1.15644
1.16716
1.17789
1.18862
1.19935
1.21008
1.22081
1.23153
1.24226
1.25299
1.26372
1.27445
1.28517
1.29590
1.30663
1.31736
1.32809
1.33881
1.34954
1.36027
1.37100
1.38173
1.39245
1.40318
1.41391
1.42464
1.43537
1.44610
1.45682
1.46755
1.47828
1.48901
1.49974
1.51046
1.52119
1.53192
1.54265
1.55338
1.56410
86.9563
85.9978
85.0393
84.0808
83.1222
82.1637
81.2052
80.2467
79.2882
78.3296
77.3711
76.4126
75.4541
74.4956
73.5371
72.5785
71.6200
70.6615
69.7030
68.7445
67.7860
66.8274
65.8689
64.9104
63.9519
62.9934
62.0349
61.0763
60.1178
59.1593
58.2008
57.2423
56.2837
55.3252
54.3667
53.4082
52.4497
51.4912
50.5326
49.5741
1.0550
1.0549
1.0547
1.0544
1.0540
1.0535
1.0530
1.0524
1.0517
1.0509
1.0500
1.0490
1.0480
1.0468
1.0456
1.0441
1.0426
1.0410
1.0393
1.0376
1.0355
1.0334
1.0312
1.0289
1.0264
1.0237
1.0209
1.0180
1.0149
1.0116
1.0081
1.0045
1.0007
0.9966
0.9924
0.9879
0.9833
0.9784
0.9732
0.9678
7
Contact
ratio z1
mating with
z2
1.353
1.417
1.478
1.537
1.590
1.625
1.659
1.690
1.721
1.750
1.777
1.803
1.828
1.851
1.874
1.895
1.915
1.934
1.952
1.970
1.986
2.001
2.015
2.029
2.041
2.053
2.064
2.074
2.083
2.092
2.099
2.106
2.113
2.118
2.123
2.126
2.130
2.132
2.134
2.135
8
Number of
teeth in
pinion
z1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
14
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Annex B
(informative)
Tooth proportions for 25 degree fine--pitch gearing
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition).]
8
Clearance
gear tip
to pinion
root2)
cp
0.1654
0.1753
0.1836
0.1901
0.1950
0.1982
0.1999
0.2000
Outside
Tooth
Root
diameter
Number
Addendum thickness diameter1)
Contact
Center
(enlarged) (enlarged) Top land
of teeth (enlarged)
(enlarged)
ratio
distance
dae1
s1
df
sei1
z1
ha1
ad
x
8
10.6631
1.3316
2.00877
6.5392
0.2750
1.123
11.93497
9
11.6203
1.3102
1.94111
7.3942
0.2750
1.174
12.37237
10
12.5691
1.2846
1.87345
8.2490
0.2750
1.223
12.80806
11
13.5040
1.2520
1.80579
9.1040
0.2807
1.269
13.24207
12
14.3588
1.1794
1.73813
9.9588
0.3478
1.294
13.67440
13
15.2138
1.1069
1.67047
10.8138
0.4034
1.319
14.10509
14
16.0686
1.0343
1.60281
11.6686
0.4500
1.343
14.53414
15
17.0000
1.0000
1.57080
12.6000
0.4743
1.358
15.00000
NOTES
Multiply values in columns 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 by module for millimeter units.
Table values for contact ratio are for tight mesh conditions, with no allowance for tooth thinning. Contact ratio is computed
for actual mesh and limit diameters. Columns 6, 7, 8 and 9 are for reference only and not to be specified on drawings.
Enlarged pinions are designed to use the involute form above 5 of roll.
1) Actual root diameter is decreased by 0.10 mm.
2) Actual clearance is increased by 0.05 mm.
3) Enlargement is not required for 16 teeth and higher.
4) For 8 to 10 teeth, the outside diameter is reduced to maintain 0.275 m top land.
n
1
Number of
gear teeth
z2
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
Addendum
(reduced)
ha
0.5304
0.6029
0.6755
0.7480
0.8206
0.8931
0.9657
1.0000
Root
diameter1)
(reduced)
df
Top land
sei2
1.13283
1.20049
1.26814
1.33580
1.40346
1.47112
1.53878
1.57080
18.6568
17.8059
16.9510
16.0961
15.2412
14.3862
13.5313
12.6000
0.6174
0.6058
0.5912
0.5734
0.5519
0.5261
0.4955
0.4743
7
Contact
ratio, z1
mating with
z2
1.181
1.236
1.284
1.325
1.341
1.351
1.357
1.358
8
Number of
teeth in
pinion
z1
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
NOTES
Multiply values in columns 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 by module for millimeter units.
Table values for contact ratio are for tight mesh conditions, with no allowance for tooth thinning. Contact ratio is computed
for actual mesh and limit diameters. Columns 6, 7 and 8 are for reference only and not to be specified on drawings.
1) Actual root diameter is decreased by 0.10 mm.
15
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Annex C
(informative)
Helical pinion enlargement
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition).]
0 = tan 1
tan n
cos m
0 = tan 1 tan 20
cos 23
= tan 1 0.39540
(C.1)
= 21.57398
where
0
Transverse
profile
angle, pt
14.5
14.553040
14.714048
14.988849
15.212411
15.387707
15.692808
15.926252
16.626985
17.521624
18.654748
20.089512
20
Helix
Number angle,
of teeth degrees
m
zg
50.62
0
49.97
5
48.07
10
45.04
15
42.77
18
41.09
20
38.37
23
36.45
25
31.42
30
26.25
35
21.22
40
16.54
45
Transverse
profile
angle, pt
20
20.070308
20.283559
20.646896
20.941896
21.172832
21.573983
21.880232
22.795877
23.956803
25.413766
27.236313
25
Helix
Number angle,
of teeth degrees
m
zg
23.63
0
23.36
5
22.55
10
21.25
15
20.27
18
19.54
20
18.36
23
17.52
25
15.30
30
12.99
35
10.71
40
8.54
45
Transverse
profile
angle, pt
25
25.083771
25.337611
25.769262
26.118938
26.392181
26.865777
27.226435
28.300052
29.650978
31.329769
33.403198
Number
of teeth
zg
14.47
14.32
13.85
13.11
12.54
12.12
11.44
10.96
9.66
8.31
6.95
5.65
NOTE:
1) All numbers of teeth will be rounded to the next higher integer.
2) Pinions with number of teeth that exceed this value do not require enlargement.
16
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
z mn
19(1.25)
=
cos 23
cos m
= 25.80106
mn
sn =
= 1.96350
2
sn
s=
= 2.13306
cos m
where
d
is number of teeth;
mn
sn
(C.2)
(C.3)
(C.4)
17
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Annex D
(informative)
Calculations to obtain standard clearance for enlarged pinions and standard gears
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition).]
D.1 Introduction
When using enlarged pinions and standard gears,
special attention should be paid to providing adequate clearance since the computed tight mesh distance does not provide the standard clearance. An
additional increase in the center distance may be required which results in a slight backlash in the mesh.
This approach, however, reduces the contact ratio.
(D.1)
where
aw
18
j=
( a w)
z1 + z2 2
j=
( 17.15015)
= 0.06189
9 + 24
2
(D.2)
D.2 Clearance
aw =
w
1.154
1.212
1.268
1.288
1.353
1.381
1.408
1.434
1.459
1.482
1.505
1.527
1.548
1.568
1.588
1.602
aw min
17.15015
17.60570
18.06125
18.55785
18.97240
19.42800
19.88355
20.33915
20.79470
21.25025
21.70585
22.16140
22.61700
23.07255
23.52810
24.00000
j
0.06189
0.05597
0.05038
0.04868
0.04011
0.03538
0.03090
0.02664
0.02258
0.01872
0.01504
0.01152
0.00817
0.00495
0.00188
0.00000
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
In meshes with insufficient clearance, the outside diameter of the gear can be further reduced without a
corresponding reduction in tooth thickness. This approach also reduces the contact ratio.
d ae2 = 2 a d 0.200 d f1
(D.3)
2
d 2 d 1 cos +
ae1
d 2 d 2 cos
ae2
2 p t cos
2 a w sin w
2 p t cos
(D.4)
where
= 25.8615
19
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Annex E
(informative)
Comparative systems for selecting tooth thickness of pinions
[This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA
1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition).]
E.1 Introduction
A variety of systems have been used for selecting
the tooth thickness and related tooth proportions for
pinions of relatively few teeth. One of these is described in clause 4 and has been made part of this
standard. Other systems that are in use or have
been proposed are explained below and compared
to the standard version. All are subject to the same
requirements for an allowance (thinning) for backlash as described in 4.6. Any such reduction in tooth
thickness is generally accompanied, in external (or
internal) gears, by a reduction (or increase) in root diameter as determined by the basic rack. Some special manufacturing processes can produce the
thinning without a change in root diameter. This,
however, will result in reduced clearance at the root
when the thinned gears are tightly meshed. These
tooth thickness reductions may also be accompanied by similar changes in outside (or inside) diameter. When these changes are not made, there will be
similar reductions in root clearance at the mating
gear.
E.2 Uniform tooth thickness
2 h f0 r f01 sin 0
m sin 2 0
rounded down to an integer
(E.1)
where
m
is module, mm;
hf0
rf0
The simplicity of this system is offset by the disadvantage of undercut present in all pinions with less
than some critical number of teeth, see E.3. In pinions with very low numbers of teeth, the undercut is
very severe. For all undercut conditions, there is a
reduction in tooth bending strength and the introduction of other disadvantages in gear performance.
This practice is not recommended for original equipment manufacturer (OEM) design.
20
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
applications in which the tooth proportions will be defined graphically, as for plastic molding, powder metallurgy processing, or diecasting. In such cases, the
basic rack fillet radius can be selected to suit individual requirements and its value may then be used as
described here.
For spur pinions, the pinion enlargement, expressed
as an increase in tooth thickness, s, may be calculated as follows:
(E.2)
s
2 tan 0
(E.3)
Table E.1 -- Minimum tooth thickness enlargement to avoid undercut for spur pinions based on fillet
radius rf0 = 0.1 x m
(dimensions in mm)
No. of
teeth
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Module
1.25
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4697 0.3830 0.3484 0.3137 0.2791 0.2444
0.4165 0.3405 0.3101 0.2797 0.2492 0.2188
0.3633 0.2979 0.2717 0.2456 0.2194 0.1933
0.3100 0.2553 0.2334
0.2115
0.1896 0.1677
0.2568 0.2127 0.1951 0.1775 0.1598 0.1422
0.2036 0.1702 0.1568 0.1434 0.1300
0.1167
0.1504 0.1276
0.1185
0.1093 0.1002
0.0911
0.0972 0.0850 0.0802 0.0753 0.0704 0.0656
0.0439 0.0424 0.0418 0.0412 0.0406 0.0400
--0.0093 --0.0001 0.0035 0.0072 0.0108 0.0145
--0.0625 --0.0427 --0.0348 --0.0269 --0.0190 --0.0111
0.5
0.2097
0.1884
0.1671
0.1459
0.1246
0.1033
0.0820
0.0607
0.0394
0.0181
--0.0032
0.4
0.1751
0.1580
0.1410
0.1240
0.1069
0.0899
0.0729
0.0558
0.0388
0.0218
0.0048
0.3
0.1404
0.1276
0.1148
0.1021
0.0893
0.0765
0.0638
0.0510
0.0382
0.0254
0.0127
0.2
0.1057
0.0972
0.0887
0.0802
0.0717
0.0632
0.0546
0.0461
0.0376
0.0291
0.0206
Table E.2 -- Minimum tooth thickness enlargement to avoid undercut for spur pinions based on fillet
radius rf0 = 0.3 x m
(dimensions in mm)
No. of
t th
teeth
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1.25
0.5895
0.5362
0.4830
0.4298
0.3766
0.3233
0.2701
0.2169
0.1637
0.1105
0.0572
1
0.4788
0.4363
0.3937
0.3511
0.3085
0.2660
0.2234
0.1808
0.1382
0.0957
0.0531
0.9
0.4346
0.3963
0.3580
0.3196
0.2813
0.2430
0.2047
0.1664
0.1280
0.0897
0.0514
0.8
0.3904
0.3563
0.3222
0.2882
0.2541
0.2200
0.1860
0.1519
0.1179
0.0838
0.0497
Module
0.7
0.6
0.3461 0.3019
0.3163 0.2763
0.2865 0.2508
0.2567 0.2252
0.2269 0.1997
0.1971 0.1741
0.1673 0.1486
0.1375 0.1230
0.1077 0.0975
0.0779 0.0720
0.0481 0.0464
0.5
0.2576
0.2363
0.2150
0.1938
0.1725
0.1512
0.1299
0.1086
0.0873
0.0660
0.0447
0.4
0.2134
0.1963
0.1793
0.1623
0.1453
0.1282
0.1112
0.0942
0.0771
0.0601
0.0431
0.3
0.1691
0.1564
0.1436
0.1308
0.1180
0.1053
0.0925
0.0797
0.0669
0.0542
0.0414
0.2
0.1249
0.1164
0.1079
0.0993
0.0908
0.0823
0.0738
0.0653
0.0568
0.0482
0.0397
21
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
w = arctan 0 1 +
u+1
d2 d2
ae2
b2
1+
d 2
b1
0.5
(E.4)
where
w
is arctan LP (radians);
is gear ratio =
z2
;
z1
22
db2
db1
s2 m
2
(E.5)
where
s1 pinion tooth thickness enlargement;
z1
z2
s2
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
w = arccos
(E.6)
aw
s 1 + s2 =
mz 1 + z 2inv w inv 0 + j
(E.7)
where
s1
s2
is backlash, mm.
2 aw
where
z1 + z 2 cos 0 (m )
tancos
n
(E.8)
where
The first step determines the combined tooth thickness of the two gears based on the specified center
distance and the corresponding backlash.
Tight
Loose
Ref.
clause
Table/
equation
Tooth
thickness
Outside
diameter
Tooth
thickness
Outside
diameter
1.9470
15.0296
1.5708
26.0000
18.4736
1.358
18.8736
1.038
E.2
1.5708
14.0000
1.5708
26.0000
18.0000
1.4051)
18.4000
1.143
E.3
E.2
(m = 1.27)
1.8668
14.8133
1.5708
26.0000
18.3786
1.383
18.7786
1.055
E.4
Eq E.5
1.8000
14.6298
1.5708
26.0000
18.2973
1.406
18.6973
1.071
NOTE:
1) The pinion is undercut in this design and, at the tight center distance, a portion of the tip of the mating gear engages
in the undercut area and does not contribute to contact ratio. At the loose center distance, there is no engagement
in the undercut area and the full mating tooth contributes to contact ratio.
23
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
wt = arccos
z 1 + z 2 cos t (mn)
2 a w (cos )
(E.9)
where
wt
mn
s n1 + s n2 =
m n z 1 + z 2inv wt inv t + j n
(E.10)
where
sn1
24
sn2
jn
ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07
Bibliography
The following documents are either referenced in the text of ANSI/AGMA 1103--H07, Tooth Proportions for
Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gearing (Metric Edition), or indicated for additional information.
References
1. Smith, L. J., Assured Backlash Control -- The
ABC System. Technical Paper AGMA P239.14,
Oct., 1979.
4. Breur, G. L., Proposed Revision of Tooth Proportions for Enlarged Pinions, Technical paper
AGMA P209.10, Nov., 1971.
Buckingham, Earle, Analytical Mechanics of Gears,
McGraw Hill, New York: 1949, chapter 9.
3. Khiralla, T. W., On the Geometry of External Involute Spur Gears, Studio City, Calif., chapter 5.
25
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