AGMA STANDARD Practice for High Speed Helical & Herringbone Gear Units Pablished bye AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 1330 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. @ Washington, D C. 20005FOREWORD The first “High Speed Gear Unit", Standard AGMA 421 OL, was adopted as a Tentative Standard in October, 1943, This Standard contained formulae for com- piling the durability horsepower riting of geating, allowable shaft stresses, and included a shost table of application factors. AGMA 421.01 was revised and adopted as a full status Standard in September, 1947, and issued as AGMA 421.02. Ihe High Speed Gearing Committee began work on the revision of AGMA 421,02 in 1951, The following agenda was adhered to in revising this Standard: (@) Classification of numerous applications not previously listed, (b) Changing the application factors from “K" values to equivalent “Service Factors" to be more consistent with existing AGMA Standards, (c) Revision of the rating fornula to allow for the use of heat treated gearing, (d) Develop a uniform selection method for high speed gear units to be used by all manufacturers. This “*Uniform Selection Method Data Sheet"” became AGMA 421 034 AGMA 421.03 was approved as a revision by the membership in October, 1954. The standard was reprinted as AGMA 421.04 in June, 1957. It ineluded the correction of typographical errors and che addition of paragraph 3.4, which had been approved by the committee for addition to the standard at the October, 1935 meeting. In October, 1959 the High Speed Gearing Committee undertook revisions covering the latest developments in the design, manufacture and operation of high speed units with specific reference to high hardness materials and sound level ‘measurement and limits. Revisions and additions to the standard in this regard are incorporated in AGMA 421.05 which was approved by the AGMA membership a of October 22, 1963, AGMA 421.06 is a revision of AGMA 421.05. The more significant changes are: minimum pitch line speed was increased to 5000 fpr; strength and durability ratings were changed; and application and service factors were added Standard AGMA 421.06 was approved by the High Speed Gearing Commitee as of June 27, 1968 Ie was approved by the AGMA membership as of November 26, 1958. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in their entirety Credit lines should read: "Extracted from AGMA Standard Practice for High Speed Helical and Herringbone Gear Units (AGMA 421.06), with the per- mission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1330 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005."" COPYRIGHT, 1969, oY AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONCompany Members of AGMA Product Group Section 5D Helical and Herringbone Gear High Speed Units January, 1969 De Laval Turbine Inc., Trenton, New Jersey D. O. James Gear Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Illinois Dominion Engineering Works Limited, Lachine, Quebec, Canada The Falk Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin General Electric Company, West Lynn, Massachusetts Hamilton Gear and Machine Company, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Levy Industries Limiced, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Lufkin Foundry and Machine Company, Lufkia, Texas Philadelphia Gear Corporation, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania The Terry Steam Turbine Company, Hartford, Connecticut Western Gear Corporation, Lynwood, California Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Buffalo, New York Worthington Corporation, Wellsville, New York AGMA Standards are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to AGMA technical publications should satisfy himself that he has the latest information available from the Association on the subject matterAGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS 1, Scope At This standacd practice covers enclosed high speed helical and hecringbose extemal tooth gear unis of the parallel shafe ¢ype, and applies to all stages of single or multiple stage gearing for speed increasing or speed reducing service. Units in this classification are those operating with pinion speeds of 3600 cevolutions per minute and higher, or pitch line speeds of 5000 feet per minute and higher. Marine propulsion, aircraft and automotive geating, however, are in separate categories and are not covered by this standazd, 1.2 The geating and unit components are to be man- uufactured within the conventional processes and accuracy limits normally used by manufacturers of high speed anits 1.3 Where this standard speci ence to other AGMA Standards, the user should satisfy himself that he has the latest edition on chat subject. ically directs refer- 2, Responsibility 2.1 The manufacturer's published wazranty shall apply to units covered by this standard provider 2A The system of connected cotating parts is compatible, free from ctitieal speed, torsional or other type vibration within the specified operating speed range, no matter how induced. Responsibility these re- for system analysis in compliance quirements rests wich the purchaser of the gear unit, 2.4.2 The transmitted load, imposed torsional, thrust and overhung loads are within the capacity limits for which the unit was sold, ot as specified in the purchase contract 2.13 The unit is protected from the elements, as prescribed by the manufacturer, in either inside ot outside storage, between the interval of its receipt by the buyer and actual installation. 2.1.4 The unit is properly installed and lubricated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. .5 Exceptions to any of the foregoing provisions are a matter of specific conteactual agreements. 3, Design of Gearing 3.1 Gear Materials. 31d Steel for gears and pinions cur after heat treatment shal] be in accordance with Standard AGMA 241, “Specification for General Industrial Gear Materials ~ Steel (Drawa, Rolled, and Forged)" or Standard AGMA 245, “Specification for Cast Steel Gear Materials.” 3.4.2 Surface hardened gearing shall be in accord= ance with Standard AGMA 246, “Recommended Pro- ceduce for Carburized Industrial Gearing,”” ot Stan dard AGMA 247, “Recommended Procedure for Nitriding, Matecials and Process,” or Standard AGMA 248, “Recommended Procedure for Induction Hardened Gears and Pinions."* @AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS 3.9 The use of flame hardened material is not recommended for gearing within the scope of this standard. 3.2 Any practical combination of tooth height, pres- sure angle and helix angle may be used; however, i is recommended that helical and herringbone gears shall have a werking depth of 1,800/NDP minimum, and a normal pressure angle not exceeding 25 deg. The recommended limits on helix angle are 10 deg and 45 deg, both inclusive. 3.3 Any relation of center distance and face width may be used providing there is no undue concentra tion of pressure arising from deflection under load, 3.4 Pinion Proportions and Beating Span, 3.4.1 The rating formulas in this standard are based on the load distribution and deflection limitations used in high speed unie design practices governing pinion proportions, including ratio of face width to diameter and beating span for normal gear ratio ce quirements 3.4.2 In cases where ratios of face widch to pinion diameter exceed 2,0, or where unusual conditions exist which affect pinion proportion, bearing span, ot face width contact, the values of C and Ke should be determined by proper evaluation of the load distribution factors Cy and F/Km in accord ance with Standard AGMA 211.02, “Surface Dure ability (Pitting) of Helical and Herringbone Gear ‘Teeth,”” and Standard AGMA 221,02, “Rating the Strength of Helical and H@sringbone Gear Teeth,” respectively, 8.5 Housing may be of any of the commonly used designs providiag it is sufficiently rigid to transmit the loads at operating speeds. 3.6 Shafts may be journaled in ball, roller, sleeve of pad type bearings. Selection shall be based upon the bearing manufacturer's recommendations for the application requirements. 3.6.1 Thrust beatings as normally provided are ade~ ‘quate for internal thrust forces. Where external theust forces are anticipated, bearings shall be designed to accommodate the specified thrust. 3.7 Shafting (Extracted from Standard AGMA 260). B.T.L For heat treated steel shafts, the maximum stress due to bending, and the maximum stress due ‘to torsion shall not exceed the values shown on the Chart of Figure 1 for the horsepower rating of the 3.1.2 For shafts made of untested steel, the bend ing steess shall not exceed 10,000 psi and the tor sional stress shall not exceed 6,000 psi for the horsepower rating of the unit, 3.7.3 These allowable stress limitations provide for effective stress concentrations arising from key- ways, shoulders and grooves, etc., not exceeding a value of 3.0. Condition of effective stress concen tration (considering notch sensitivity), exceeding a value of 3.0, press fits of unusual deflections shall require detailed analysis 3.8 Bolt Stress (Extracted fromStandard AGMA 255). B.8.1 The basis of this section is to prevent joint opening at a peak load 200% of the horsepowerrating of the unit. 9.8.2 The forces to be considered are those de- veloped by the mechanical rating of the unit in addi- tion to the overhung o: other extraneous loads, AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969Allowable Bending and Torsional Shear Stress, psi AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS 26,000 TT — Bondi ending | +] 20,000 r4 16,000 12,000 + 8,000 4,000 ° 160 200 240 280 320 360 400440 Brinell Hordness 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Tensile Strength, 1000 psi (approx ) Fig. 1 Allowable Shaft StressAGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS ‘Table 1 Allowable Tensile Stress for Bolts, Studs and Capserews: SAE and/or ; Tensile Allowable Bolt Diameter, Hardness, ASTM ietae ou Serength Tensile Stress, Designation psi, min. psi, max. Up to 1/2 incl. 160-241 69,900 11,000 SAB 2 JOver 1/2 to 3/4 incl. 160-241 64,000 11,000 JOver 3/4 co 1-1/2 incl 160-209 35,000 11,000 eae Up to 1/2 incl. 207-269 110,000 15,800 ‘ Over 1/2 to 5/8 incl. 207-269 100,000 15,800 a Up to 3/4 incl. 241-302 120,000 20,000 ASTAE Ass25}O%E" 3/4 © 2 incl 235-302 115,000 19,500 (ASTM A525) over 1 co 1-1/2 incl. 223-285 105,000 18,000 ASIM A-325 [Over 1-1/2 to 3 incl 183-235 90,000 13,000 ASTM A.354 |Up to 2-1/2 incl. 217-285 105,000 17,000 Grade BB [Over 2-1/2 t 4 incl 217-285 100,000 17,000 ASIM A-354 |Up to 2-1/2 incl. 255-321, 125,000 22,000 Grade BC Over 2-1/2 to 4 incl, 255-321 115,000 22,000 nee Up to 5/8 incl. 285-331 140,000 25,500 lOver 3/8 to 3/4 incl. 269-331 133,000 23,600 SAE7 Up to 1-1/2 incl 269-324, 133,000 23,600 SAE 8 (ASIN A-354)|Up to 1-1/2 incl. 302-352 150,000 27,700 (Grade BD) AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS 3.8.3 The maximum allowable stress at the root area of the bolt thread shall not exceed the values shown ia Figure 2 or Table 1. These allowable stresses shall be computed at the root area of the thread, Use the minimum hardaess of the fastener as indicated in Table 1. Allowable stresses are tab- ulated in Table 1 for the moze common fasteners. 3.8.4 The tensile preload in the bolt is to be 70% of the yield strength of the material as determined at the root area of the thread. 4, Lubrication (Ref,, Standard AGMA 250) 1 Genesal Provisions. 444 The ambient temperature range for unit operas Hon is from +15 deg F to +125 deg F, and is defined as the temperaruse of the air ia the immediate vicine ity of the gear unit. Gear drives operating outside of this range, or those operating in extremely humid, chemical, or dust laden atmospheres, should be re- feited to the gear manufacture: for his recommenda 4.12 Provisions must be made for cooling the inlet oil to keep the temperature of the oil coming from the unit within a maximum of 185 deg F. 4.1.3 When a lubrication system is provided for the gear unit only, refer to Table 2 for recommended Iubsicant 4.1.4 When a common lubsicating system provides oil for the gear unit and other equipment, the lub ication practice shall be mutually determined by the gear manufacturer and the manufacturer of the other equipment involved 4.14.1 The following items must be considered to insure that a commoo"lubricating system provides properly for the gear unit + Inlet oil pressure 2. Inlet oil cemperature 3. Viscosity of lubricant 4, Viscosity index of lubricant 5. Filtration ~ Recommended particle retention size, 25 microns maximum Ratio of stored oil to used oil 7. Dry sump gear case with self-venting drain to the oil storage sump +3 Spray nozzles inay be positioned to supply either the ingoing or outgoing side of che mesh at the iscretion of the manufacturer. 4.2. Type of Oil. 4.2.1 Lubsicating oils for use in high speed gear units should be high quality, well refined petroleun oils. They must not be corrosive to gears, to ball, roller, or sleeve bearings; they mist be neutral in reaction; free from grit ot abrasives; and have good dofoaming properties. As they may be subject to high operating temperatures, they must have good resistance to oxidation, 4.2.2 The use of oils with special additives for applications where loads, speeds of temperatures are abnormal should be referred to she gear manu facturer, 4,2. This standard does not apply to the use of synthetic oils. When specified, refer to the gear manufacturer for approval.ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRESS AT ROOT DIAMETER (PSI) AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS 35,000 - - 30,000 T : T 25,000 20,000 15,000, 10,000 5,000 0. lo 160 210 260 310 360 - BRINELL NUMBER FIG.2 ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRESS FOR BOLTS -9- AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS 4.3 Viscosity. 4.3.4 All oils shall have a minimum viscosity index, (Dean and Davis) of 30 for ordinary applications, Where the operating temperatures for any one appli- cation varies more than 80 deg F, a viscosity of 60 minimum is desirable. 4.3.2 Lubricant recommendations are given in Table 2 Table 2 Recommended Lubricants Ambient ‘AGMA Viscosity Range Temperature | Lubricant SSU at deg Number 100 deg F +15 - 60 1 180 ~ 240 50 125 280 ~ 360 Nove: When operating ia the 15 deg F to 60 deg F range of ambient temperature, the lubricant selected must have a pour point below the lowest cemperature expected, 4.3.3 Where the lubricating system for the gear uait involves the use of lighter oils than those specified in Table 2, any gear mesh operating below a pitch line velocity of 4000 ft/min requires special con sideration by the gear supplier to determine the ale lowable rating of the unit for the specific applica- 4.4 Maintenance. 44.1 It is necessary that oil be clean and free from sludge at all times to obtain long life from « gear 44.2 Oll Change, The oil in a new unit should be drained and the case thecoughly flushed with light flushing oil in accordance with che gear manufac~ turer's recommendations, After this, a change of oil every 2,500 hours of operation or every six months, whichever occurs first, is recommended for units ‘operating under favorable conditions. here operating conditions are severe, it may be necessary to change the oil at more frequent intervals. 5. Sound Level Measurement and Limitations 5. Limiting values for sound level shall apply only when required and specifically agreed upoa in writing by the manufacturer or seller and the pur chaser. For such requirements, sound level meas~ urements and Limits shall be in accordance with Standasd AGMA 295, “Specification for Measurement of Sound on High Speed Helical aad Herringbone Gear Units,” unless otherwise agreed upon. 6, AGMA Marking and Seal 6.1 A suitable nameplate for high speed units is illusteated in Figure 3. gure 3 tigh Saved Helical & Meveingbone Gear Drives 6.2 Some variations in the form of the items appear ing on the nameplates may be necessary, but when the AGMA insignia is used it is suggested that the service horsepower, the ratio, pinion speed, and the =10- éAGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS Table 3. Service Factor Values* ee ate SECS C ete Seniee Factor Prine Mover Taremal APPLICATION Motor | Tasbine | Combustion (atutticCylinaes BLOWERS Cencrifagal 14 16 17 Lobe 17 17 20 COMPRESSORS Centrifugal-process gas except air conditioning. 13 15 16 Centrifugal-air conditioning service 12 14 LS Cencifagal-air or pipeline service 14 16 17 Roraryasial flow-al types 14 15 17 Rota ligaid piston (Nash) 17 17 20 Rotary loberaial flow 17 17 20 Reciprocatiag.3 0: more cyl. i 1 20 Reciprocating-2 ¢yl 26 20 23 DYNAMOMETER - test stand u 1 13 FANS Centrifugal 4 16 17 Forced deate ta 16 Lt Induced drat 17 20 22 Industdal and mine (lange with foequent stare cycles)] 7 20 22 GENERATORS AND EXCITERS Base load or eontiovous re ui 13 Peak duty cycle 13 13 17 PUMPS Centrifugal (all service except as isted below) 13 Ls u7 Centsifugat boiler feed 17 20 Gentefuget-descaling (with surge tank) 20 20 Centrifugal-hot oil 15 17 Cenuifugel-pipe Line 13 t 20 Ceneifugal-water works 13 L7 20 Dredge 20 24 25 Rotary-axial flow-all types Ls 15 18 Rotary-geae 13 15 13 Rotary. ligutd piston 17 17 20 Rotiy-lobe i 17 20 Rotary-sliding vane 15 13 is Reeiptocating- cyl of moze uy 7 20 Reciptocating-2 of. 26 20 23 PAPER INDUSTRY Jordan ot refiner 13 15 Peper aachineline shaft 13 i3 Peper machine sectional dive 13 Pulp beater 13 sucaR INDUSTRY Gane kaite 13 Ls 18 Centrifugal 13 17 20 wit 1G Ly 20 "See notes for Table 3 on page 21 -u- AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS ‘ service factor should be the minimum information stated. 6.3 In accordance with Bylaws, Article VII, “AGMA Insignia,’ only properly certified ‘Company’ mem bers of AGMA may imprint the AGMA Seal on the nameplate. The seal should be seproduced from a facsimile obtained from AGMA Headquarters 7, Rating of Gears A Gearing shall be selected with a service horse- power rating equal to the maximum continuous horse~ power capacity of the prime mover multiplied by any overload capacity it may have. It is recognized that all prime movers have overload capacity which must be specified for each application, If maximum torque occurs at a speed other than maximum con tinuous speed, this torque and its corresponding speed shall be speci ied by the purchaser. 1.2 The surface ducability rating and gear tooth strength rating for gearing within the scope of this, standard practice shall be determined from the power formulas contained in Section 8 andSection 9. 7.3 The recommended service factors for the var ious applications are shown in Table 3. 1.3.1 Where unusual torque variations develop peak loads which exceed the required service horsepower by a ratio greater than the service factor specified for the application, the magnitude and frequency ceyele of such torque variations should be evaluated with regard to the endurance and yield strength rat- ings of the unit for proper selection of size. 8. Durability Rating 8.1 The formulas presented here are based on Stan dard AGMA 211.02, “Surface Durability (Pitting) of -2- Helical aad Herringbone Gear Ieeth.”” However, for high speed gear units, the formulas have been sim- plified by assigning cpecifie applicable values to certain of the factors ineluded in the basic formulas #3 noted in the definitions of terms, Sectioa 8.2. $2 Horsepower Rating ~ Dursbility. P fac * C1 C2 Cy Where: Pye = horsepower rating apd Cc, = for pitch line velocities below 126,000 7,000 pea np cy - for pitch line velocities of 260,000 7,000 fpm and higher (See Figure 4 for values of C,) FE (Figure 5) for single or multiple stage gearing mg» ftac\? = 235 —S— (-) igure 6) mgt \ep, Where: np piaioa speed, pm d= operating pitch diameter. of pinion — inches, When applicable, this value may be computed as outside diameter minus two standard addendums: 78 , = éynamic factor = ——— 78+ yo, up to 7,000 ft/min PLYAGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS ¢, Factor FACTOR FOR HIGH SPEED GEAR UNITS FIG. 4G aaa uf or «ssronn © going 40 saiaiv Hails oMaveze0 -BH AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS SLIND YV39 G33dS HOIH YOs YOLOWS 2 g ‘ol S3HONI''HIGIM ows 13N ot bel zit Oe ek lg gb *S3HONI 9 $0330%3 H1GIM Ovd NBHR Z+ 49b's 2 NRWz0 40. S20N1S “Av ¥Od 2 ° 2% =eAGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS SUGGESTED GEAR AND PINION HARDNESS COMBINATIONS ‘ MINIMUM BRINELL HARDNESS [ GEAR [180] 210 1225) 245]/255 “ofeslie 315 |335]/350] SIRc | 55Re| 58 Re | [pinion | 210245 [265 [285] 300/315 |336/350]365]385|400] sinc] 55 Re] 58 Re | MINIMUM —Bhn OF GEAR 1800 ie 55 Re SIRE 460 “Bha 420 1000 oe 00 335 800 3158, 700 oS 205 a 270 00 255 a 238 500 = 225 2 210 1 400 0 180 é 300 200 t 2 3 4 86 6 7 8 9 OB U GEAR RATIO-mg FIG. 6 Cz - VALUES FOR HIGH SPEED GEAR UNITS -1s- AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS Cy = 485 when y 2 7,000 ft/min F = net face width of the narrowest of the mating gears. For double helical gearing, the net face width is che sum of the face width of each helix load distribition factor. The values of Cyy Ate from AGMA 211.02, Figure 4, first reduction curve. nig = gear ratio allowable contact stress number, The values from Table 5, AGMA 211.02 have been used for Figures 6 and 7 of this standacd. 2300 for mating steel elements from Table 6 of AGMA 211.02. B21 The values of C, in Biguee 6 are minimums for good design. C, may be determined more pre- cisely as follows: onc) ee) (a) for external gears 2 Where: 4 = operating transverse pressure angle — degrees -16- ‘minimum length of lines of contact. For most helical” gears having face contact ratio of 2 or more: Emin 95% iF by Z = length of action in the transverse plane, inches Py = notmal base pitch, inches materials factor from Figure 7 B22 Factors C,, Cy, Coy Czy Car Cy and Cy of Standard AGMA 211.02 are assigned a value of unity and do not appear in this rating practice 8. Service Horsepower. Pac Pe = sp Where: P._ = Service Horsepower — Durability Cop ™ Service Factor from Table 3 83.1 The final rating of the gear set will be the smaller of the durability service rating oc secength service rating values. The latter value is determined by Section 9.SLINN uV39 G3adS HOIH Od SYV39 SNOSONINYSH GNV WWOMZH 40 ONILVY ALITIGVNd 3ovIuNS HOd 2 ‘S14 G2) - 73318 HO4 HOLOVS STVINALVW 2 cos |oart | oozr | osze |ogve | ooze| oss2/oozz |ossz| ooez Pais | oov| see | soe] ose | see] cit | oor | sez | coz Pais [ose] see] sie] coe] sez] oxe| soz] ope | cee ‘SSBNGUYH TIANIUG_WOWININ AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969 2 z ad | 8 S831 UO $1 Si Oluve uv39 3H NSHM SSANOUVH SWVS SHI 38 AVN B¥3D ONY NoINle { 2 BONBINZANOD UOJ MOISE GZLVINGVL FYY SNOLLYNIGMOD SSFNGYYH NOINId ONY Y¥39 G31S309NS UNOS S3NIvA a8 VEO JHL WOs G31dlO3dS SSBNOUYH AMMININ 3HL vod ZAHN SAOBY HL WOUS NSWVL Ze OL SHY S3TWA \ gz 8 9 TIBMNOO" - SS3NGUYH U¥ZD uyg WINWININ - SS3NQUYH ¥v39 | Be os Se oo sie ose see oo 12 092 szz_002_ 081 ae = - g g 5 1 a a 3 Be : &S E ‘ sa z = 3 gz 8 = 3330 service horsepower horsepower as computed in Section 8.4. = 20-3 Mer AGMA STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HIGH SPEED HELICAL AND HERRINGBONE GEAR UNITS ‘*Nores (from Table 3) 1. Gearing shall be selected with 2 service horsepower rating equal to the maximum contiquous horse~ power capacity of the prime mover multiplied by any overload capacity it may have. It is recognized that all prime movers have overload capacity which must be specified for each application. If maximum tongue occurs ata speed other than maximum continuous speed, this torque and its corresponding speed shall be specified by the purchaser. 2. Where unusual torque variations develop peak loads which exceed the required service horsepower by ratio greater than che service factor specified for the application, the magnitude and frequency cycle of such torque variations should be evaluated with regard to the endurance and yield strength ratings of the unit for proper selection of size Current Issues of AGMA Reference Standards at time of printing AGMA 421 05 AGMA 211.02, "Surface Durability (Picting) of Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth"* AGMA 221.02, “Rating the Serength of Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth” AGMA 241.02, "'Specification for General Industrial Gear Materials ~ Steel (Drawn, Rolled and Forged)” AGMA 245.01, “Specification for Cast Steel Gear Materials” AGMA 246.01, “Recommended Procedure for Carburized Industri 1 Gearing” AGMA 247.01,"“Recommended Procedure for Nittiding, Materials and Process” AGMA 248 01, “Recommended Procedure for Induction Hardened Gears and Pinions" AGMA 255.02, “Boleing (Allowable Tensile Stress) for Gear Drives" AGMA 260.02, “'Shafting — Allowable Torsional and Bending Stresses” AGMA 295.03, “Specification for Measurement of Sound on High Speed Helical and Herringbone Gear Units" “The user of this Standard AGMA 421 06 should satisfy himself that he is using the latest issues of the above listed standards when making seference to them. This informacion is available from the Associ- ation Headquarcers. + -a- AGMA 421.06 — January, 1969PINION GEAR ALIGNMENT ERROR, FIG 3. Example of a Pinion and Gear Misaligned Under No Load. Teeth Contact at Leit Hand End and Are Open at Right Hand End. Loao FACE WIDTH= F FIG. 4 Load Distribution Across Face Width for Various Contact Conditions iPy Ne yt OST oa VALUE FOR Z IS FOR AN ELEMENT OF INDICATED NUMBER OF TEETH BA TS TOOTH MATE NORMAL TOOTH THICKNESS OF PINION AND GEAR TOOTH EACH REDUCED 024" TO PROVIDE .048" TOTAL BACKLASH FOR 1" qq 70 oe 60 5 5 5 factors ane ror eats Stave ree 50 sooll CUT WITH A E 150 PRE - SHAVE HOB ra 60 & 5 30 °° Z 7 20 & 24° G g 3 3 =f z .30 oO 5° 10° 1s° 20° 25° 30° 35° HELIX ANGLE- if FIG, 2A GEOMETRY FACTOR (J) 20° NORMAL PRESSURE ANGLE~STANDARD ADDENDUM / PRE-SHAVE, HOB Px, Np ™N"O95zZ 0 t* py VALUE FOR Z IS FOR AN ELEMENT OF INDICATED NUMBERS “OF TEETH & A “75 TOOTH MATE., NORMAL TOOTH THICKNESS OF, PINION AND GEAR’ TOOTH” EACH REDUGED .024" TO PROVIDE (048" TOTAL BACKLASH FOR 1 Pag re 3 60 FACTORS ARE FOR 2 TEETH cut With o Ea FinisHine Hop ee WAS THE FINAL k E Machining > 50 u OPERATION & soo 5 5 is 3 ee” §.40} 3 8 Bo 8 3 2 tot 15° 30° 35° 5 HELIX ANGLE - FIG. 28 GEOMETRY FACTOR (J) 20° NORMAL PRESSURE ANGLE-STANDARD ADDENDUM FINISHING HOBWNGNAGQV GYVGNVLS -FIONVY 3YNSS3Yd IWWHYON GI (f) YOLOVS AYLSWO39 | ‘Old sh - 379NV XITSH SE Of GZ O_O 2S <0 z = ou a 02] 8 OF & og} z g 3 +4081 i Floos oss ? Q = a 3 oO oo + < py, ef we oy ol a is “Pla | M04 HSVTNOVE “TWLOL S 4860" 3GIAOUd OL 4bZO" GF9NGIY HOVE HLOOL = ¥V39 ONY NOINId JO SS3NNOIHL HLOOL TVWYON a ia “BIVW HLOOL SZ V 8 HL33L 40 SuaaWnN 2 2 G3LVOIGN| 40 LN3W313 NV NOd SIZ YOd 3NTIVA, 2/9 Z$6°0 i Seep (EBD omy | xOVN ONILVESNSS on /The user of this Standard Practice (AGMA 421,06) may find Number AGMA 110.03, AGMA 112.04 ‘AGMA 150.03 AGMA 151 02 AGMA 201.02 AGMA 207 05 AGMA 211 02 AGMA 215.01 AGMA 221 02 AGMA 225.01 AGMA 239.01 AGMA 241 02 AGMA 245.01 AGMA 246.01 AGMA 247.01 AGMA 248 O1 AGMA 250.02 AGMA 255.02 AGMA 260 01 AGMA 295.03, AGMA 390.02 AGMA 420.03, these other AGMA Standards of value as reference data: Tite Gear Tooth Wear and Failure : Gear Nomenclature ~ Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Abbreviation: Application Classification for Spur, Helical, Herringbone and ‘Bevel Gear Gearmotors 7 aa Application Classification for Helical, Herringbone and Spiral Bevel ‘Gear Speed Reducers Tooth Proportions for Coarse-Pitch Involute Spus Gears Tooth Proportions for Fine-Pitch Tnvoluce Spur and Helical Gears Surface Durability (Pitting) of Helical and Hertingbone Gear Teech Information Sheet for Surface Durability (Pitting) of Spuc, Helical, Herringbone and Bevel Gear Teeth « Rating the Strength of Helical and Hertingbone Gear Teeth Informacion Sheet for Strength of Spur, Helical, Herringbone and Bevel Gear Teeth vescseenis nin : aft ie Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Bears Specification for General Indust: Rolled and Forged) Specification for Cast Steel Gear Materials aarot Recommended Procedure for Carburized Industrial Gearing Recommended Procedure of Nitriding, Materials and Process Recommended Procedure for Induction Hardened Gears and Pinions Lubrication of Industrial Enclosed Gearing, includes Appendii Sheet 250.02A, Typical Manuiactures’s Oils Meeting Standard AGMA 250.02 “ Bolting (Allowable Tensile Sttess) for Gear Drives Shafting — Allowable Torsional and Bending Stre5se5..00o---0-0--- Specification for Measurement of Sound on High Speed Helical and “Herringbone Gear Units Gear Classification Manual : : Practice for Helical and Herringbone Gear Speed Reducers and lncreasers 1 Gear Materials ~ Steel Drawn, ‘A more complete list of AGMA Standards published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association are available upon request PUBLISHED ey AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 1380 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, IAW, WASHINGTON, 0.C. 20005 PRICE $750