Innovative Plastics

Technology

.
National Metal and Materials Technology Center
(MTEC)

InterPlas Thailand 2005

3 2548
11.15-12.00 .

OUTLINE

(EMA package)

ACTIVE PACKAGING:

Fresh Film: Fresh Preserving Film for Tropical Produces


()
Thailand

27,527
2,378

40,669
5,288

774

Australia

----------168,196

------8,440 (5%)

171,000

25,965 (15%)

Source:

40%
11,000 MB

WHY ??

(+)
Packaging

Distribution

- EMA generation

- Cool chain

- Ethylene scavenging

ACTIVE PACKAGING:

Innovative
Preservation

Active Packaging
Scavenging concepts
Oxygen
Ethylene
CO2
Moisture

Releasing concepts
Anti-microbials
Moisture
CO2
Anti-Oxidants

Others
EMA
Temperature Control
Microwave susceptor

H2 O

O2

Heat
CO2
C 2 H4

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (heat)

/
/

6H2O

C6H12O6

6O2

Heat
H2O (transpiration)

6CO2

+ ----> + + ()

/

:

: , ,

6H2O

C6H12O6

6O2

Heat
H2O (transpiration)

6CO2

: , ,

C 2 H4

C 2 H4

: , ,

6 oC
( 0 oC)

/: http://www.ams.usda.gov/tmd/Tropical/text.html

Modified Atmosphere Packaging/

Equilibrium Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Ethylene Scavenger
Anti-microbial
CO2emitter/O2 scavenger

Temperature responsive Film (Landec/Australian company)

TTI indicator
RFID
IntellipacTM Ice Eliminating Case Liner (Apio)

HIGH GAS TRANSMISSION PACKAGE

Commercial microporous/ micro-perforated films:

P-Plus

O2
CO2

http://www.sumibe.co.jp/p-plus/

HIGH GAS PERMEATION PACKAGE

High permeable film: Cryovac

PE-based laminated film with m-PE (C6)
OTR: 60 - 1,065 cc/100 in2.24 hrs.atm

FRESHNESS PRESERVING PACKAGE

: plant hormone
//
:
- 1-MCP/cyclodextrin
- (KMnO4)
- Activated Carbon
- Pd catalyst/Zeolite
- Zeolite ??

Commercial concept:
SmartFresh (1-MCP), Green Pack (KMnO4), Peakfresh (Zeolite)

 (EMA
package)
MAP:

EMA Packaging:

permeation

passive active

EMA Packaging

packaging

MA
MA


O2 = 21%
CO2 = 0.03%

Unsteady state
Steady state

CO2
O2

[CO2]i,s

CO2
O2

[O2]i,s

O2 = 2 - 5%
CO2 = 5 - 10%

Gas concentration =
inside package

Gas concentration
transmitted in/out
package

Gas concentration
uptake/release
by respiration

Equilibrium Modified Atmosphere


!?!

MA =
PASSIVE

O2 = 2 - 5%
CO2 = 5 - 10%
MA =
ACTIVE


O2

O2

O2

O2
O2

O2

CO2

O2

O2

O2
O2
CO
O22
CO
O22

O2
O2

O2
O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2 = 21%
CO2 = 0.03%

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

CO2

O2
CO
O22

CO
O22

CO
O22

O2
O2

CO
O22

CO
O22

CO
O22
CO
O22

O2

O2

O2

[CO2]i,s
[O2]i,s

O2
O2

Unsteady state


O2

O2

O2

O2
O2

O2

CO2

O2

O2

O2

CO2
CO2

O2
O2

O2

O2
O2

O2
CO2

CO2

O2

O2

O2
O2

O2

Steady state
O2

O2

CO2

O2

CO2
O2 = 2 - 5%
CO2 = 5 - 10%

O2

O2 = 21%
CO2 = 0.03%

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

CO2

CO2
O2

O2
O2

CO2
CO2

[CO2]i,s
[O2]i,s


and film permeability

Balance of
concentration of gas transmitted
through film
and
concentration of gas uptake/
release by respiration

Steady-state level

http://www.airliquide.com/en/business/industry/food/applications/map_packaging.asp

PERMEATION vs RESPIRATION and

HEADSPACE

headspace

Beta = 2.5

Beta = 1

headspace

Respiration
+

Initial gas concentration

+
headspace
+ {permeation [fn of T,
C(gas),...]}

R. M. Beaudry, Postharvest Biol. Tech.,15 (1999) 293.

Modified Atmosphere can

preserve the freshness
and

prolong the shelf life

http://www.convex.co.nz/prod_refresh_technical.html.

(2-5

 Micro-perforated/Microporous Film
Dia= 300 m
General Characteristics
Very high gas transmission rate
Gas selectivity ratio = 1
High CO2 accumulation possible
Partial pressure balance
Non-homogeneous

Low activation E

CO2 injury

high CO2 berries

non-homogenous

high CO2 >10%

high CO2 (15 20%) ethylene

( activation E)

: Biopolymer/Bio-based polymer
Cargil-Dows PLA

=P(CO2)/P(O2) = 3 - 6



(chilling injury)

( )

PERMEABILITY
=P(CO2)/P(O2) = 3 - 6

permeability

gas transmission rate > 10,000 cc/m2.day.atm

FRESH FILM: FRESHNESS PRESERVING FILM

Mixing/Blending --- structure-controlled processing
Polyolefin-based Films:
Properties

Test Method

Typical Values of
Developed Films

Local Thai
Commercial Films

25-30

35 - 50

ASTM D3985

6,000 18,000

2,000 5,000

MOCON
PermatranC

12,000 50,000

4,000 10,000

Thickness (m)
OTR (cc/m2.day)
CO2TR (cc/m2.day)

MD/LD

TD

MD/LD

TD

Modulus of Elasticity
(MPa)

D-882

130-220

130-320

100-250

100-250

Tensile Strength (MPa)

D-882

25-40

25-40

18-40

18-40

Elongation at Break (%)

D-882

150-300

300-600

150-600

150-600

FRESH FILM: FRESHNESS PRESERVING FILM

Gas Equilibrium inside Package

d (% gas ) 100 RT SPgas

[
]
=

%
gas
WR
gas

dt
M gas PV L

FRESH FILM: FRESHNESS PRESERVING FILM

Active Packaging
Film Development

Crucial Factor

Mathematical Modeling:
*permeable film
*micro-porous/micro-perforated film
*distribution system simulation

Required Condition

Temperature

Low temperature

Gas composition in
package

Modified atmosphere,
and absent/low ethylene
gas

Humidity

High relative humidity

(85 95 %RH)

Pathogen and insect

Careful control of
microorganism/ insect in
pre- and post-harvest

Packing Test and

Physiological Study
(Laboratory and Field
Tests)

ACTIVE PACKAGING FILM

I. EQUILIBRIUM MODIFIED
ATMOSPHERE FILM

High gas transmission

Equilibrium modified atmosphere
Humidity control

II. SMART FILM

Temperature compensation
Humidity buffering
Anti-microbial control

Quality Preserving and Shelf-life Extending of Fresh Produces

FRESH FILM: FRESHNESS PRESERVING FILM

FRESH FILM: FRESHNESS PRESERVING FILM

Silver Medal (Package and Storage): 53rd World Exhibition of

Innovation, Research and New Technology-BRUSSELS EUREKA 2004
Freshness Preserving Film for Tropical Fresh Produce

REFERENCES
Rooney, M.L., in Active Food Packaging, Chapman & Hall,
1995.
Kader, A.A., and Watkins, C.B., Modified Atmosphere PackagingToward 2000 and beyond, HortTech., 10 (2000):483.
Fonseca, S.C., and Malcata, F.X., Application of Controlled and
Modified Atmospheres for the Preservation of Postharvest Quality in
Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, Food, Agri.&Environ., 1 (2003):82.
Mir, N, and Beaudry, R.M., Modified Atmosphere Packaging, in
Agricultural Handbook No. 66: The Commercial Storage of
Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks, Gross, K. C.,
Wang, C. Y., and Saltveit, M., eds., USDA (2002).