Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2013byInternationalMasonryInstitute
Allrightsreserved.
Thisprogramisintendedasapreliminarydesigntoolfordesignprofessionalswhoareexperiencedandcompetent
inmasonrydesign.Thisprogramisnotintendedtoreplacesoundengineeringknowledge,experience,and
judgment.Usersofthisprogrammustdeterminethevalidityoftheresults.TheInternationalMasonryInstitute
assumesnoresponsibilityfortheuseorapplicationofthisprogram.
EXAMPLEA:
Given:
8inchmediumweighthollowCMU
TypeSmasonrycementmortar
12ftverticalspan(simplesupport)
Minimumdesignloadis5psfoutofplane
SDS=0.5;SeismicDesignCategoryC
Usethe2012IBC
Required:Determinerequiredreinforcement.
Solution:
Reinforcedmasonrydesignrequiresthatagrout/reinforcementspacingbeassumed.Thegroutspacing
affectsthewallweight,whichinturnaffectstheseismicload.
Assumeagroutspacingof48in.o.c.
CheckLoadCombinationG(0.6D+0.7E).Wallweightis44psf,andR=2.5forreinforcedmasonry.
Theseismicloadis wE
1.2 S DS W p
Rp
I
p
1.20.544 psf
10.6 psf
2 .5
1 .0
Since0.7(10.6psf)=7.4psf,seismicwillcontrol.
Themaximummomentwilloccuratmidheightofthewall.
133 ft lb / ft
8
8
Theaxialforceis:
h
12 ft
0.6 0.70.2 0.544 psf
140.0lb / ft
2
2
Followthedesignprocedureinthebackgrounddocument.
1. Determinetheallowablestresses.Fs=32,000psi;Fb=0.45fm=0.45(1500psi)=675psi
2. Determinekforbalancedcondition,kb.
E s 29,000,000 psi
21.5
9001500 psi
Em
kb
Fb
Fb
Fs
n
675 psi
0.312
32000 psi
675 psi
21.5
3. Determinekfortheappliedloadingconditionsasfollows.Thisassumesthatcompression
controls.
2
3 d
d
212 M
k
d 2
2
3Fb b
3
3.8125in.
212in / ft 133 ft lb / ft
3.8125in.
0.0274
3.8125in.
2
2
3675 psi 12in / ft
4. Ifkkbcompressioncontrols.Nottrue,sotensioncontrols.
5. Since(k=0.0274)<(kb=0.312)tensioncontrols.Theareaofsteelisdeterminedthroughan
iterativeprocess.
a. Setk=0.0274
b. CalculateM.
t kd
7.625in 0.02743.8125in. 1 ft
M P
140lb / ft
3
2 3
2
12in.
44.1 ft lb / ft
c. CalculateAs.
As
0.009in 2 / ft
k
0.0274
32000 psi 3.8125in 1
Fs d 1
3
3
d. Calculate.
P As Fs n
Fs b
140lb / ft 0.009in
e. Calculateanewk.
k 2
2 2 d
3.8125in.
0.105
f.
Checkconvergence:
k2 k
k
0.105 0.027
0.027
2.84 Usek=0.105asnewguess.Theiterationsare
summarizedinthefollowingtable.
k
0.0274
0.1053
0.1066
M
44.1
42.9
42.9
As
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.0236
0.0243
0.0243
k2
0.1053
0.1066
0.1067
|k2k|/k
2.84
0.0128
0.0007
t-d
7.625in.-0.375in.
0.13d b2 f y
K
f m
8.4in.
wheredbisthebardiameter,fyistheyieldstrength(60,000psi),fmisthespecifiedcompressive
strength,=1.0for#3,#4,and#5bars,and=1.3for#6and#7bars,andKisdeterminedas
theminimumof{masonrycover,9db}.
Theminimumdevelopment/laplengthis12in.
UsingtheIBClaplengthequations,therequiredlaplengthwouldbe96db,which=96(0.375in.)
=36inches.
Use12inchlaplength.
PartitionwallsinSDCCarerequiredtohaveprescriptiveseismicreinforcementineitherthehorizontal
ORverticaldirectioninaccordancewiththefollowing:
(a)HorizontalreinforcementTwolongitudinalwiresofW1.7(9gage)bedjointreinforcement
spacednotmorethan16in.oncenter,orNo.4barsspacednotmorethan48in.oncenter.Horizontal
reinforcementneedstobeprovidedwithin16in.ofthetopandbottomofthewall.
(b)VerticalreinforcementNo.4barsspacednotmorethan120in.oncenter.Vertical
reinforcementneedstobeprovidedwithin16in.oftheendsofthewall.
TheNo.3barsat48in.o.c.provide0.0275in2/ft.Theverticalprescriptivereinforcementisequivalent
to0.02in2/ft.Thus,webelievetheverticalreinforcementmeetstheintentofthecode.However,itis
recommendedthatW1.7(9gage)bedjointreinforcementat16in.(everyothercourse)alsobe
provided.Thissatisfiesthehorizontalreinforcementrequirements,whichinturnsatisfiesthe
prescriptiverequirements(coderequireseitherthehorizontalORtheverticalrequirementsbemet,but
bothdonothavetobemet).Thebedjointreinforcementalsohelpswithcrackcontrol.
Duetothepermittedonethirdstressincreaseinthe2009IBC(2008MSJC),thedesignwouldbethe
sameusingthe2009IBC.
Thereactionatthetopofwall,RB,is:
R B 0 .7 w E
h
12 ft
0.710.6 psf
44.5lb / ft
2
2
Sufficientanchorsneedtobeprovidedatthetopofwalltocarrythisforce.
Ifthispartitionwallwerepartofanegressstairway,theimportancefactorwouldbe1.5,which
increasestheseismicload,wE,to15.9psf,themomentto200ftlb/ft,andtherequiredareaofsteelto
0.016in2/ft.ANo.3barat48in.o.c.stillworks.
EXAMPLEB:
Given:
8inchmediumweighthollowCMU
TypeSmasonrycementmortar
16ftverticalspan(simplesupport)
Minimumdesignloadis5psfoutofplane
BuildinglocatedinSaltLakeCity,Utah.
SoilSiteClassD(stiffsoil)
Usethe2012IBC
Required:Determinerequiredreinforcement.
Solution:
TheU.S.SeismicDesignMapsWebApplication,
http://geohazards.usgs.gov/designmaps/us/application.php,isusedtodetermineSDS=1.02and
SD1=0.56.TheSeismicDesignCategoryisCategoryD.
Reinforcedmasonrydesignrequiresthatagrout/reinforcementspacingbeassumed.Thegroutspacing
affectsthewallweight,whichinturnaffectstheseismicload.
Assumeagroutspacingof48in.o.c.
CheckLoadCombinationG(0.6D+0.7E).Wallweightis44psf,andR=2.5forreinforcedmasonry.
Theseismicloadis wE
1.2 S DS W p
Rp
I
p
1.21.0244 psf
21.5 psf
2 .5
1.0
Since0.7(21.5psf)=15.1psf,seismicwillcontrol.
Themaximummomentwilloccuratmidheightofthewall.
754 ft lb / ft
8
8
Theaxialforceis:
h
20 ft
0.6 0.70.2 0.544 psf
201lb / ft
2
2
Followthedesignprocedureinthebackgrounddocument;seeExampleAfordetails.
Afterthreeiterations,k=0.240andAs=0.0743in2/ft.
Therequiredbarareaofsteelis0.0743in2/ft(4ft)=0.297in2.
Usea#5barat48in.o.c.
PartitionwallsinSDCDarerequiredtohaveprescriptiveseismicreinforcementineitherthehorizontal
ORverticaldirectioninaccordancewiththefollowing:
(a)HorizontalreinforcementTwolongitudinalwiresofW1.7(9gage)bedjointreinforcement
spacednotmorethan16in.oncenter,orNo.4barsspacednotmorethan48in.oncenter.Horizontal
reinforcementneedstobeprovidedwithin16in.ofthetopandbottomofthewall.
(b)VerticalreinforcementNo.4barsspacednotmorethan48in.oncenter.Vertical
reinforcementneedstobeprovidedwithin16in.oftheendsofthewall.
TheNo.5barsat48in.o.c.satisfytheminimumprescriptiverequirements.Althoughnotrequired,itis
recommendedthatW1.7(9gage)bedjointreinforcementat16in.(everyothercourse)alsobe
provided.
Ifthispartitionwallwerepartofanegressstairway,theimportancefactorwouldbe1.5,which
increasestheseismicload,wE,to32.2psf.Therequiredareaofsteelis0.467in2,whichwouldrequirea
#7barat48in.o.c.Manydesignerswouldprefertouseasmallerbar;onereasonwouldbetodecrease
therequiredlaplength.Asthespacingofthebardecreases,thewallweightincreases.Thetablebelow
showstheresultsofvariousbarspacings.
Barspacing
Requiredreinforcement
48in.
#7@48in.
40in.
#6@40in.
32in.
#6@32in.
24in.
#5@24in.
16in.
#5@16in.
16in.(fullgrout)
Asis121%ofmaximumfor#7Redesign
8in.
#6@8in.
Oftenwallsthatrequirereinforcementat16in.(oreven24in.)arefullygrouted,asitismore
economicaltofullygroutthewallthangrouteveryothercell.Thefullgroutaddstotheweightofthe
wall,andhencetheseismicforce.Forthisparticularwall,theallowablecompressionstresscontrolsfor
fullgroutingwithbarsat16in.o.c.Reinforcementisnotusedefficientlywhentheallowablemasonry
compressionstresscontrols,whichiswhythelargeamountofreinforcementisrequired.
Thisexampleshowsthateconomicalreinforcedmasonrypartitionwallscanbedesignedforlargespans
(inthiscase20ft),inhighseismicareas,andforcriticallocations(egressstairways).