Type 1 Diabetes

Cassie Cooper

BASICS
A person's immune system attacks its
own insulin producing cells making
Genetic susceptibility and
environmental factors raise risk for
developing.
Glucose comes from the food we eat.
Insulin is a hormone in the pancreas
used to remove glucose.
Body does not make enough or its
own insulin.
Blood glucose levels are higher than
normal.

DIAGNOSIS
A fasting blood sugar test or even a random blood sugar test is usually the
first step in diagnosis.
A hemoglobin A1C test can reveal average blood sugar levels for the past 2
to 3 months.
Urine will be tested to look for the presence of ketones.
Occasionally a C peptide level , a test used to measure the ability of the
pancreas to secrete insulin, may be ordered to see if the levels are low.

SIGN &
SYMPTOMS

Frequent urination (polyuria)

Drinking more water because of excessive thirst
(polydipsia)
Feeling excessively hungry (polyphagia)
Dry mouth and skin
Fruity breath
Fatigue
Weight loss
Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
Sores that are slow to heal
More infection than usual
Nausea and vomiting

CONTROL
For type 1 diabetes, most
people take insulin in the form
of shots to help their body
process sugar in the blood to
keep blood glucose levels in
the normal range.
Normal range is typically 70170
Diabetes, in general, is treated
with insulin, exercise, and a
diet.

CURE
Even with all the research being done, there is no cure for diabetes
Stem cells are currently being researched to be a possible cure and
scientists have had some success.
Islet cell transplantation is also being researched, but it is an evolving
treatment.
Pancreas transplantation is something that can already be done, but it very
costly and the patient would need medicine so their body would accept
their new pancreas.

INSURANCE
Medicare covers supplies for people
with diabetes, whether or not they use
insulin.
Medicare is for those aged 65 years and
older
Medicaid has specific guidelines
regarding eligibility and services
Childrens Health Insurance Program
(CHIP) provides free or low-cost health
insurance for children
In the past, it was practically impossible
for people with diabetes to get
insurance, but now recent reforms make
it easy for anyone to get health
insurance.

ORGANIZATIONS
American Diabetes Association
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
Juvenile Diabetes Cure Alliance
American Association of Diabetes Educators

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPE I

AND TYPE II DIABETES

It cannot be
prevented.
Episodes of low
blood sugar level
(hypoglycemia) are
common.
Symptoms usually
start in childhood
or young adulthood.

Can be prevented
with a healthy
lifestyle, including
maintaining a healthy
weight, eating
sensibly, and
exercising regularly.
There are no
episodes of low blood
sugar level.
The person may not
have symptoms
before diagnosis.

SOURCES

http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/finances.html
http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/is-there-a-diabetes-cure
http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/health-insurance/?loc=superfooter
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/myths/?loc=db-slabnav