Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Topic
Presenter
7:30 8:00 am
Breakfast
8:00 8:10 am
SLCC as a Workplace
8:10 8: 25 am
8:25 8:45 am
8:45 9:00 am
9:00 9:15 am
Graduates of Excellence
10:20 10:50 am
Break
Organization of College/
Accomplishments in Academics
Faculty at SLCC How to Make a
Difference?
Faculty Roles &Responsibilities,
Leadership and Shared Governance
Tenure Process
11:00 11:30 am
FTLC Resources
9:30 9:50 am
9:50 10:20 am
Deneece Huftalin
SLCC President
Barbara Grover
Vice-President of
Institutional Effectiveness
Jeff Aird
Assistant Vice President of
Strategy and Analysis
Roderic Land
Special Assistant to the President
Clifton Sanders
Provost of Academic Affairs
Lois Oestreich
Faculty Senate President
Katerina Salini
Associate Professor, Psychology
Lois Oestreich
Faculty Senate President
Break
11:30 Noon
Jude Higgins
Director of Faculty Teaching and
Learning Center (FTLC)
Paul Allen and Associate Deans
Given the following, the President's Committee on Inclusivity and Equity has been
established:
(a) SLCCs _________ is to provide quality higher
education and lifelong learning to people of diverse
cultures, abilities, and ages;
(b) our commitment to fulfill our mission in a
climate conducive to ________, ________and
________;
(c) our belief that diverse perspectives, life
________, and _________ fundamentally enrich
the learning environment;
(d) our imperative to close ____________ gaps among students of color; and (e) our
role as a community college to reflect, promote, and serve our diverse communities.
Committees Charge:
Resources:
Questions:
How can I help? roderic.land@slcc.edu, 801-957- 4228
Faculty Senate
Roll up your sleeves!
Senates Charge
The College Faculty Senate is established to:
1. Help faculty contribute skills, insights, and creativity which will
produce a rich learning environment for students, faculty, and
patrons of the college.
2. Support faculty in working for an organizational structure that will
encourage the use of faculty talents, knowledge, and problemsolving skills.
3. Provide a forum where the diverse voices of faculty may be heard,
where ideas can be shared and debated, where solutions to
problems can be found, and where recommendations regarding
academic issues can be made to the College President for
consideration and response.
Really?
The Faculty Senate shall act as an advisory board to
the College President. The Faculty Senate shall
have the power to act for the college faculty in all
matters of educational policy, including
requirements for admissions, degrees, diplomas,
certificates, and curricular matters involving
coordination between divisions and departments.
Within this province, the actions of the Faculty
Senate shall be effective without approval of the
college faculty except as provided in Section I
above.
PGFD
SLOA
Academic Rank
The mystery unfolds
Tenure-Academic Rank-Merit
Time to play!
Teaching
Professional Activity
Service
No service responsibilities
Instructor
Non-Tenure Track
Assistant Professor
Tenure Track
Associate Professor
Tenured
Full Professor
Tenured
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CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................5
Procedures to Get Students into the Room ....................................................................................8
Learn Names..............................................................................................................................................10
Focus Activities ........................................................................................................................................11
Today We Will List ..............................................................................................................................12
Introductions ............................................................................................................................................14
Review Syllabus and Establish Expectations ..............................................................................16
Interest Inventory ..................................................................................................................................20
Student Folders ........................................................................................................................................22
Teach a Lesson..........................................................................................................................................24
The Four-Step Lesson Plan and Other Strategies ....................................................................25
Beyond the First Day..............................................................................................................................29
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................31
Appendix A: Getting Ready for the First Day of Class............................................................32
Appendix B: A Sample Interest Inventory....................................................................................33
Appendix C: Questions for Reflection ..........................................................................................34
Appendix D: How Am I Graded in This Course? ......................................................................35
Appendix E: Modifying the 10 Steps ..............................................................................................37
Appendix F: How to Get Better Course Evaluations ................................................................38
Appendix G: Getting Midterm Feedback from Students ......................................................39
INTRODUCTION
The first day of class is critical. What happens on the first day, even in the first moments,
sets the tone for the entire course. The impression you make will last the entire semester,
and todays students are not shy about sharing their opinions. In fact, they are savvy
consumers who want classes that meet their needs and that are taught by organized,
competent instructors who engage them from the minute they walk into their room. Most
students will make up their minds about the course and the instructor in that first class
period.
There is a lot at stake that first day. Your first impression helps students determine whether
they will stay in your class or whether they will switch to a different sectionwith a different
instructoror drop it. That is why you must use the first day, the first moments of class, to
inspire confidence in your abilities.
Students also want to feel welcome and prepared for success. They do not want to stay in a
class where they feel out of place or ill-equipped for the subject matter. The challenge is to
create a classroom atmosphere where the rules are clear; expectations are high; and yet
students feel welcome, comfortable, and engaged.
This premise might sound daunting, but it is not impossible. Instructors have the power and
the tools to make that first day matter and to set the tone for the entire term.
It is important to be deliberate about classroom management. An instructors job is to teach,
and creating an effective learning environment is necessary for students to learn. While it
might seem heavy-handed to focus so much energy on procedures and expectations, the
first-day strategies in this report will actually lead to less time spent on classroom
management throughout the term.
Remember that your classroom will develop its own distinct environment and culture. If you
dont make a concerted effort to set the tone, the students will. Most everyone has been in or
in front of a class with an adversarial dynamic, yet no one wants to feel at odds with
students. A tense, disorganized, or, worse, hostile atmosphere interferes with your pedagogy
and impedes student learning. It wastes time and disengages students. It leads to poor
evaluations. Moreover, it is unnecessary and easily avoidable.
College professors, instructors, and teaching assistants are subject matter specialists, but
many have never had training in classroom instructional management. By learning
instructional management strategies for the college classroom, instructors can improve and
control classroom climate as well as student participation. The preparation strategies and
easy-to-implement procedures contained in this report will enable you to remain in calm
command of the class on the very first day and for the duration of the course.
This white paper breaks down those strategies and procedures into 10 simple steps that
allow you to engage your students on the first day of class. These tactics will allow you to
maximize instructional minutes on the first day and in every subsequent class.
This report will enable instructors to spend more time teaching and less time taking roll,
managing behavior, or delivering daily instructions. Students will function more
independently and will assume responsibility for their success in the course. Ultimately,
these steps will enable you to create and sustain a classroom environment that is conducive
to learning no matter what the subject matter.
The following are the 10 things you should do on the first day:
Create procedures for getting students in the room.
Learn students names.
Use focus activities.
Display the Today We Will list.
Take time for introductions.
Review the syllabus, including course expectations and grading policies.
Conduct an interest inventory.
Have students make a folder.
Teach a lesson.
Utilize the four-step lesson plan.
By starting the very first day of the term with clear routines and expectations, with easy
procedures and on-task activities such as the focus questions and Today We Will list,
students learn that our classes are well organized and that they can achieve success through
appropriate class attendance, preparation, and participation. Instructors maximize
instructional time and minimize classroom management efforts. All of this creates a
classroom atmosphere that allows instructors and students to get down to the real business
at hand: learning.
Of course, not every classroom has an entrance table right by the door. Instructors may have
to move a table or tables to doorways before class starts. If the room has no tables, two desks
pushed together can function as an entrance table. If desks are at a premium, two chairs can
serve the purpose as well.
The entrance table works for large and small classes. If a classroom has more than one door,
simply create an entrance table at every doorway. If you have teaching assistants, have them
help divide materials among doorways. Instruct students which doorway correlates to the
first letter of their last names so they know which doorway to use for the rest of the term. If
you dont have a teaching assistant, ask some students to assist with setting up the multiple
entrance tables at the start of class.
Remembering students
names shows respect for your
students and facilitates
classroom management.
The seating chart allows instructors to quickly and quietly take attendance while students
are working on a focus activity. So within the first three or four minutes of class, students
are seated and working, and the instructor has double-checked roll.
Different instructors have different opinions on taking roll and requiring attendance. If you
follow these 10 steps, you will see that student success is directly linked to class attendance
and participation. Requiring attendance therefore helps improve student performance, and
using seating charts to monitor attendance will increase efficiency.
10
FOCUS ACTIVITIES
The daily procedures include a short focus activity that students do at the start of class. On
the first day the focus activity might be something simple, such as Make a name card that
will stand on your desk. Write your name in big letters. Then learn the names of those
around you. Essentially, the first-day focus activity is just to get to know a few people in the
room.
After the first day, the focus activity serves several purposes. First, it delves into the
assigned reading. It enables students to begin working with assigned material as soon as
they sit down. The activity can be a question about the reading or a direct quote to which
students must react.
Second, focus activities help instructors organize class materials and prepare for exams,
because focus questions or quotes that appear on the board or screen should also appear on
exams. If the class meets three times a week for 15 weeks, this step would generate more
than 45 focus and exam questions. It also self-generates an exam review. Simply tell
students that in order to prepare for an exam, they should review and study all of the focus
questions.
Finally, focus questions motivate students to get to class on time. Since the focus questions
are exam questions, students realize it is important to get to class to see what the questions
are and to participate in any discussion relating to them.
Focus questions can work across disciplines. If you teach math, the focus questions are math
problems. If you teach chemistry, they are equations that need to be solved or questions
about an upcoming lab.
You can have individual or paired focus activities or questions, but generally avoid larger
group activities. On the first day, however, the focus activity is usually limited to making
name cards, which is an individual task.
11
Keep in mind that the Today We Will list is not rigid. If you particularly like the discussion
students are having, you can take something off the Today We Will list. If you feel that
12
students have really grasped a concept more quickly than you expected, you can add items
to the list.
Other times you can leave some blanks in the Today We Will list to allow students to
direct the discussion. If students read three articles by three different scholars, take a poll to
see which article you will discuss first.
However, the list is fairly standard on the first day of class. It contains the following seven
things, each of which is addressed in this report:
Do whats on the screen.
Introduce yourself.
Review syllabus completely.
Complete interest inventory.
Make folders.
Have lesson on ____________________.
Conclude with preparation expectations for next class.
13
INTRODUCTIONS
You have already learned your students names, but it is important that they get to know
each other as well. Introductions are a crucial part of creating a community of learners
within each classroom, even in large classes. Students who know each others names are
much more respectful to one another in discussions. That helps guard against classroom
incivility, which is becoming more problematic on many campuses.
Introductions, therefore, are one component of instructional management useful in
community colleges, private colleges, public universities, and even research institutions.
They are the first step toward building a civil atmosphere within the class, and they
naturally bridge to discussions of all the expectations about classroom behavior, arriving on
time, and more.
How you handle introductions varies according to class size. For small classes of up to 25 or
28, students can introduce themselves with the cards they made at the start of class. Larger
classes would break into smaller groups of four or five, or they might introduce themselves
to just a few of their classmates.
For very large classes, another option is to use stand-up questions in place of traditional
introductions. Instead of having each student stand and say something, you have students
stand up in response to specific questions or statements. Options include the following:
Stand up if you are a Spanish major.
Stand up if you are from out of state.
Stand up if you are a math major.
If you like, you can add some fun options.
Stand up if you were born in January.
Stand up if you know you were born on a Friday.
You have wide latitude with what you ask, but be careful to not embarrass students with your
questions. Students are nervous about the first day of class, and they need a welcoming,
warm atmosphere. Therefore, keep your fun questions benign. Avoid anything too personal
or delicate.
Control Introductions
Remember that you as the instructor determine how to conduct introductions. If you are
doing traditional instructions, be sure to limit the amount of time given to this portion of
class. If you allot time per student, keep track of that time and break in if students exceed
the limit. Controlling introductions is important to establishing and maintaining the tone
you want to set for the course.
14
Also, keep all students focused during introductions. Some might be tempted to text friends,
check email, or otherwise occupy themselves with smartphones or other devices. Be direct
on the first day and on every other night and let students know that you expect them to pay
attention. Later in class you can incorporate activities that require using each others names
to reinforce both the introductions and your expectations. This will not only help students
become acquainted, but adding consequences to the introduction exercise will also
underscore your efforts to establish control of class.
15
Expectations do not have to involve minutia; it is not necessary to have dozens of specific
requirements. A short list of three to five expectations, worded appropriately for the
students in your class, is usually sufficient. For example, expectations could include the
following:
Be attentive. Texting, receiving calls, checking email, etc., are never permissible.
Arrive on time. If you do not, it is your responsibility to gather the information
presented prior to your arrival.
Be respectful of the instructor and other students. There is no talking when others
are talking.
Be participatory. Respectfully participate in discussions without profanity,
disrespect, or incivility toward the instructor or other students.
It is also helpful to communicate consequences for failing to meet expectations.
Consequences are different from those of high school students. Consequences are used to
let students know that they are not meeting their class obligations, to encourage students to
meet expectations in the future, and to maintain classroom control. Expectations that are
not enforced will undermine an instructors credibility and will eventually erode the
respectful classroom environment that you so carefully establish on the first day of class.
16
Reinforce Expectations
Part of college-level teaching is instilling the skills to be successful students. In essence,
along with your subject material, you are teaching students how to be students. You do that
by reinforcing your expectations for attendance, class participation, and more on the first
day and throughout the term. For example, if you want your students to work from textbooks
during class, tell them to bring them to every class. If you want students to keep bringing
textbooks to class, then you must use them regularly. Telling students to bring textbooks
communicates the expectation. Using the textbooks in class reinforces the expectation.
Immediate and consistent application of consequences is also essential. This begins on the
first day. If you overlook small disturbances, they will become large ones. It is easier to ease
up on a mature and respectful class than it is to toughen up for a disrespectful or poorly
managed group of students.
The classroom procedures established on the first day can also reinforce expectations. Since
you expect students to arrive on time, it is helpful to have procedures that get students into
seats and straight to work. Also, if you expect students to arrive on time, you must begin
class on time. Remember, too, that ending on time is equally important. Students will not
respect your time if you do not respect theirs.
17
How you dress can also reinforce your expectations. If your goal is to have students treat the
course professionally and their classmates respectfully, you must model that behavior. That
includes your clothing. While instructors must create warm and friendly classrooms, they
are not students friends. They are their instructors, their professors, and their role models.
Students expect and deserve professional dress from their instructors. Dressing
professionally also communicates that you respect your role and respect the students, which
helps engender a similar response from the students.
18
Note: Although you explain grading on the first day, expect to review it again when you
return the first assignments, papers, and exams. Once students have their graded papers in
hand, you can walk them through the syllabus and how the material relates to it. You can
explain how you applied your grading criteria and made final determinations about the
quality of students work. You can also help them enter their grades on their worksheet to
begin to track their performance and progress.
19
Another valuable question to ask is what students would like to learn or get out of the class.
That lets you know what their expectations are. Some fun icebreaker questions are valuable
too. What is the best book youve ever read? What kind of music is playing on your
iPod?
While the icebreaker questions might seem frivolous, they are helpful in building the
classroom community and in establishing a warm, welcoming environment. Another
strategy is to answer some of the icebreaker questions yourself. When you share
information with students, it makes them more comfortable sharing information with you.
Keep in mind that although the interest inventory is private, you still want to use discretion
with the questions. You dont want to ask anything very personal or anything embarrassing.
(See Appendix B: Welcome to Class, for an example of an interest inventory.)
Of course, the interest inventory also needs to include questions that will provide
information about students skills and preparedness. For example, you can have students
solve some math problems or write a paragraph about a favorite book. This information will
20
If You Dare
Also consider including if you dare questions in the interest inventory. These kinds of
questions might require follow-up, so they are called if you dare questions because you
need to be prepared for all kinds of answers and the work they might entail. However, these
questions are intended to give you additional information that will help you maximize
instructional efficacy.
For example, consider asking, What did an instructor do last year that helped you learn?
Be prepared for mentions of instructors who provided exam review questions, three-hour
review sessions, and pizza. You can also ask students what a teacher did that didnt help
them learn. The answers to these questions will also help you understand your students
expectations of you.
Another valuable question is What else do you want me to know about you? Many times
the answers will require that you take some kind of action. Some students might tell you
that they have Attention Deficit Disorder or a different learning disability, that they need to
see written notes to understand material, or that they need extra time during exams.
You will have to determine how to respond to the answers they provide, but it often is far
more useful to have the information at the start of class so that you can work with each
student appropriately. Most schools have different rules and procedures to handle special
accommodations for learning disabilities, but the questions allow you to have the necessary
conversations with students and to direct them to available resources.
Again, be prepared for answers you have not encountered in the past. For example, a student
may request unique conditions for taking exams. Knowing the information early affords the
necessary time to respond to student requests prior to any exams.
Note: Be sure to bring enough copies of the interest inventory and even pencils for the first
day. While the pencils may seem excessive for college-level teaching, it is important to
ensure that everyone participates. You can use it as a teaching tool and tell students that
you did extra work for them on the first day of class, but that the first day will be the only
time you will provide them with basic tools, such as pencils, paper, or books. Let them know
that you expect them to bring their materials from that point forward. Remember to state
your expectations clearly; dont assume that your students know them.
21
When you have all your folders in hand, walk to the entrance table and put them in a big
plastic box. Then explain that you will store the students alphabetized folders in the box. If
you keep folders for more than one class in the box, be sure to tell students how the folders
are organized or arranged. For larger classes, just utilize more than one box. On the first day,
explain to students which letters of the alphabet are at which door.
The box is where students pick up and turn in class work and exams. If the box is out at the
start of class, students should know that there is something inside for them. Each student
looks in his or her folder and takes his or her exam or paper. Make it clear that they are not
to look in anyone elses folder.
When you put out the box depends on when you want students to submit or retrieve
materials. Sometimes you dont want them to have their papers back until the end of class.
Students learn on the first day that any time the box is out that there is an expectation that
they either turn something in or take something out, so dont put the box out at the start of
class if you dont want students to use it until the end of class.
22
Another benefit of the box system is that it, again, allows you to maximize instructional
time. You dont have to spend class time returning papers, and students arent put in the
awkward position of returning each others papers, a practice that can breach student
confidentiality. You spend a few minutes preparing folders on the first day of class, but then
you save valuable time on every other day when you would need to hand out or collect
materials.
Note: The box itself is just a typical plastic storage bin. Find one with handles so that it is
easy to carry. Keep your papers in the box and transport the box in its entirety. That way
nothing gets lost, nothing gets wet in the rain, and everything stays organized.
Maintain Confidentiality
While it is possible that students could look into other students folders, a few strategies will
help minimize any exposure of confidential information. When you return tests or papers,
place them in the file backward so that grades arent exposed as students flip through
folders. Also, put grades inside on the bottom of the last page of an exam or paper rather
than on the first page.
23
TEACH A LESSON
In addition to establishing procedures, it is critical that you teach something on the first day
of class. Tuition is expensive and students, like you, have high expectations for the class.
They deserve to learn something on every day, and it is your responsibility to find or create
the teachable minutes.
Consider a 10- or 12-minute mini-lecture that introduces material. You do not have to
accomplish a great deal; the goal is to ensure that students are exposed to the course
material on the first day and that they learn something before they leave.
Some instructors give short pretests to assess students subject matter knowledge. After the
pretest, you can use a mini-lecture to provide the answers. There are no hard-and-fast rules
about the pretest. You can have students record names or it can be anonymous. You can
collect the tests or allow students to keep them. Just remember to inform students that the
test will not be graded; you dont want to create anxiety on the first day of class.
There are other options for the first lesson. A science instructor can conduct an experiment
or demonstration. A math instructor can model how to solve a problem and then separate
students into pairs to solve similar problems. If your classroom is well equipped with
technologyand you will know this before the first day of class because you have already
visited and assessed your classroomyou can incorporate some of the technology. Short
videos and discussions are useful if your students did not have to read any material for the
first day of class.
Remember that everything you do on the first day establishes the tone for the entire
semester. Take care when crafting any pretest questions or problems. You dont want to
scare, embarrass, or humiliate students with material that is too hard. You want students to
leave feeling that they successfully learned something and that they are prepared to learn
the remainder of the material on the syllabus. You dont want them to leave feeling ill
prepared or bored, prompting some to drop your course.
24
25
featured prominently in class. Students should not have to wonder why you assigned a
particular article or chapter; it is your job to tell them or to help them figure it out on their own.
Students also expect and deserve more than simple reviews of reading assignments. They
consider instructors experts who can offer insight on information in textbooks and articles.
Presenting original material underscores an instructors credibility and encourages class
participation. Students learn that class attendance is critical because new material is
available there and nowhere else.
26
27
Be Visual
Breaking up the material with some visuals adds variety and gives students additional tools
to aid retention. After all, even the most engaged and attentive students can have trouble
concentrating on a lecture for 60 minutes. Blocked evening classes can last three times as
long, so variety is essential.
The visuals can be quite simple. For example, you can show a picture of the author on the
classroom screen or present a video clip or YouTube segment. When students are exposed
to a dozen or more theorists over the course of a semester, an image can help students
organize and retain the course material. A student might notice that one theorist was
particularly young with dark hair. That bit of identifying information will help that student
recall the course material later in the semester when writing a paper or preparing for an
exam. All it took was showing a photograph in class.
Your course material might not include authors or theorists, so photographs might not be
available. There are other ways to be visual. For example, you could project notes on the
screen in 24-point font or larger. Sharing your notes shows students what you are working
from, and it helps illustrate the way you broke down the reading material. Students can work
from your notes as they read future assignments and begin to break down those readings in
a similar way.
Be Interactive
Notes are not necessarily full outlines of articles or book chapters. Notes contain not only
key points to make in a lecture but also opportunities to break up the lecture and allow
students to participate in the discussion.
Planning student interaction is relatively simple. You can stop and pose questions or
problems that students need to answer before the lecture continues. You can also use
statements that redirect students back to reading. For example, your notes can include a
section of class where you tell students to go back to a certain page, read a segment, and
then explain the authors position in their own words. They can do this individually in
writing, or they can work in pairs by explaining material to a partner.
28
If your first day of class didnt go smoothly despite the 10 steps in this report, reflect on it.
Talk to someone else in your department or a mentor. Sometimes a colleague from a
different school or program can offer a helpful perspective on what went wrong. Dont
change your plan; just tweak it. Eventually things will come together, the class will become a
learning community, and students will succeed.
In any case, take some time after the first day of class to determine what worked and what
didnt. Evaluate these 10 steps and decide how you might modify them for your next course.
(See Appendix E: Modifying the 10 Steps.)
Course Evaluations
Many of the strategies to bolster student success also impact course evaluations. While
students will not fill out any formal evaluations until the end of the term, their assessments
begin on the first day. Keep that in mind as you prepare for class. There are numerous
things that influence evaluations, but many of the factors students consider are evident on
the first day. For example, students notice whether instructors arrive and begin class on
time. They can quickly ascertain how well organized the instructor and course are based on
29
the syllabus and procedures established on the first day. Your first mini-lecture will tell
students how well you know the material and how well you can teach it. Making an effort to
learn students names and insisting on a civil classroom will tell them you respect them.
The point of this report isnt simply to improve course evaluations. However, improved
evaluations should be a natural by-product of earnest and consistent efforts and strategies
to engage students from the moment they walk into class. (For more on evaluations, see
Appendix F: How to Get Better Course Evaluations: 20 Things That Students Expect from
Us.)
Even the best instructors are occasionally caught off guard by comments on evaluations.
Sometimes you will read something and think, If only I had known that during the
semester, I could have made some changes. Well, you dont have to wait until the end of
term to find out if your procedures and strategies are working. Students are usually happy to
share their opinions, so consider soliciting feedback from them during the term. What they
share can help you refine your tactics and better tailor lectures and assignments. You will
know if your students are learning, what they think of you, and what else they need or want.
(See Appendix G: Getting Midterm Feedback from Students.)
30
CONCLUSION
Students want to be successful. They take your class to learn your course material. They
enroll in programs to earn degrees. The do that to attain certain career opportunities and
rewards.
Instructors are the subject matter experts who impart skills and knowledge. Yet instructors
must also teach and reinforce the learning skills necessary to earn the success that students
are after. We prepare them to achieve, we share effective student habits, and we model
appropriate and effective ways to interact with classmates. In essence, we teach them how to
learn and how to succeed.
It all begins on the first day of class. Instructors have the power and authority to establish
procedures, communicate expectations, and set the tone for the term. Take advantage of
that opportunity to create a warm and welcoming yet businesslike learning environment
that maximizes students investments of time and tuition.
Of course there is only one first day of the term. If things did not go as planned, identify
opportunities for improvement. Enlist the help of a mentor or colleague to determine what
changes to make to procedures or pedagogy. Otherwise maintain the class components that
were effective, and continually tweak your methods throughout the term.
Students are ultimately responsible for their own learning, yet instructors can and should
create the structure for learning by creating a well-organized class.
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2. Describe ideas for getting to know students and for building a sense of community within your
class.
3. If your interest inventory or a pretest indicates that a student does not have the background
knowledge for your class, what options exist (tutoring, help from the college support center,
counseling the student outside of class)?
4. What are some routines or procedures used by a former professor of yours, or by a colleague, that
you want to incorporate into your classes?
5. Why is the first day so important? Do clothes matter? How important is the first lesson/lecture?
6. If the first day doesnt go well, how might you plan for the second day?
7. How can you help your students learn to be college students? What other campus offices or
organizations can help?
9. If you are teaching students who have just entered college, what expectations do you have of their
behaviors and of their readiness for your class? What can you do if they dont meet your
expectations? How do you teach your expectations?
34
35
36
37
38
39
Also, short, formative assessments can be done at the end of some classes. When completing a unit
with multiple topics, allow two minutes at the end of class for students to write the following:
1. Which topic do you understand the best from the last two weeks? Why?
2. Which topic remains the most difficult or unclear?
3. What could be done in class to help you learn and master this material?
Again, anonymous is best for the most accurate, candid responses.
40
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/clement
If you have any questions please contact our Customer Service staff at
800-433-0499.
Thank you!
Magna Publications Customer Service Team
2718 Dryden, Dr., Madison, WI 53704
41
NOTES
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Topic
Presenter
8:00 8:30 am
Continental Breakfast
8:30 10:00 am
Patti Williams
Director of Benefits /HRIS
Break
10:15 10:35 am
Registrars Office
10:35 10:50 am
10:50 11:05 am
Campus Safety
11:05 11:35 am
11:35 12:00 pm
MaryEtta Chase
Registrar
Candida Darling
Director of the Disability
Resource Center
Shane Crabtree
Public Safety Director
Marlin Clark
Assistant Vice President for
Student Life and Dean of Students
Chuck Lepper
Vice President for Student Affairs
Fall 2015
Helpful Hints and Instruction
Table of Contents
Add Period.............................................................. pg 2
Administrative Drop for Non-Attendance ............. pg 2
Admission Application Deadline ............................ pg 2
Class Rosters/Lists/Schedule................................. pg 2
Email Accounts....................................................... pg 2
Enrollment Exceptions ........................................... pg 2
FERPA.............................................................. pg 3
Grades .............................................................. pg 3
MyPage Faculty Services .................................. pg 3
Permits ............................................................. pg 4
Student Phone Numbers and E-mail ............... pg 4
Tutorials ........................................................... pg 4
Waitlist Function ............................................. pg 4
Part Term 1
FullTerm16week
05-05-2015
Apr 13 Sep 3
Apr 14 Sep 3
Apr 15 Sep 3
Apr 16 Sep 3
Apr 20 Sep 3
Jun 29 Sep 3
August 21
August 26
September 3
September 16
October 30
December 10
December 11
Dec 12 17
December 23
st
Part Term 2
1 Half 8-week
Part Term 3
July 1 2015
April 6 - 10
Apr 13 Sep 3
Apr 13Oct 27
Apr 14 Sep 3
Apr 14Oct 27
Apr 15 Sep 3
Apr 15Oct 27
Apr 16 Sep 3
Apr 16Oct 27
Apr 20 Sep 3
Apr 20Oct 27
Jun 29 Sep 3
Jun 29Oct 27
August 21
August 21
August 26
October 19
September 3
October 27
September 4
October 28
September 29
November 19
October 14
December 10
None
December 11
October 14
Dec 12-17
October 22
December 23
December 17 2015
December 23 2015
Sep 4 Oct 27
Sep 4 Oct 27
Sep 4 Oct 27
October 14
October 19
October 27
October 28
November 19
December 10
December 11
Dec 12-17
December 23
Add Period
All registration adds must be completed within the seven business-day Add Period using the registration portal. It is the
responsibility of the student to add classes and add waitlist seating through the SLCC student portal.
Please see the Registration Dates calendar above for specific dates.
Administrative Drop for Non-Attendance
Students who have not shown up or made contact with the faculty member by the second class meeting (or first class
meeting for classes that meet once per week) may be administratively dropped. For online classes, students are required to
log into online classes within the first five days of the term. The administrative drop process opens seats for students
waiting to register for the class. Faculty may administratively drop students through the Faculty Portal during the seven
business-day Add Period. Please refer to the Administrative Drop Policy in the SLCC General Catalog.
Online administrative drop process is available on Faculty Portal through the published DROP deadline.
1. Select Registration Add/Drop from the Services for Faculty menu.
2. Select the term and Submit.
3. Enter the Student ID (Use capital S) or name of the student you are dropping.
4. Check the name to make sure you have the correct student. If correct, click Submit. If not, click the Back button
and re-enter the Student ID.
5. Under the students Current Schedule, select Drop/Web on the drop-down menu next to the class you intend to
drop, and click Submit Changes.
6. The dropped class should no longer appear on the students schedule.
7. To perform another transaction, click menu item at the bottom of the screen or Close this Window to exit.
Admission Application Deadline
The admission application deadline applies only to SLCCs credit programs and does not affect the Colleges School of
Applied Technology and other non-credit programs including continuing education courses and workshops. There will be
no exceptions considered for late applications after the admissions deadline; however, students applying after the deadline
are welcome to apply for a future start date. There is not an admission deadline for summer semester.
(Students who have an absence from the College of one year (three semesters) and up to three years do not need to
reapply; however, students will be required to submit at no charge an Admission Update Application to declare their
semester of return and updated student information.)
Class Rosters/Lists/Schedule
For your convenience, official class rosters are generated electronically three times at the first of the semester: the first day
of the semester, the last day to drop and the day after the last day to drop. Rosters are emailed to the SLCC email account.
View Class Lists or Faculty Schedule:
1. Select type of Class List or Faculty Schedule from Services for Faculty menu.
2. Select the term and Submit.
3. Select the desired class from the drop-down box and Submit.
4. The class list or faculty schedule will be displayed.
5. To perform another transaction, click menu item at the bottom of the screen or Close this Window to exit.
Email Accounts
Faculty members receive official email correspondence from the Office of the Registrar & Academic Records periodically
throughout the semesters. For security reasons, all email communication must be delivered through the SLCC email
account. Correspondence includes grade rosters and registration updates. Please continue to check your SLCC email account
for important information.
Enrollment Exceptions
Late add requests submitted by a faculty member must be approved by the faculty members academic
department/division. Faculty members should email any late add requests to their academic Department Dean for
approval. The department will forward approved add requests to the enrollment exception email for processing
enrollmentexceptions@slcc.edu. The enrollment exception email is for late add requests and are considered exceptions to
the add policy.
05-05-2015
FERPA
To remain compliant within the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), confidential student information
should not be released to anyone but the student.
If the word Confidential is presented after the students name, the student has requested a student information
restriction. Do not release any information on this student to anyone without written authorization from the
student.
Do not use the confidential Student S# or Social Security Number on public rosters and lists.
For further FERPA information go to your Faculty Tab under Faculty Links and click on FERPA Regulation or if you have a
FERPA question click on slccFERPAquestion.
Grades
Reporting Final Grades (Do not submit midterm grades.)
1. Log into MyPage Faculty Tab.
2. Click Input Grades under Faculty heading on the left side of the screen. Select current term and submit.
3. Select a class from the drop-down box and submit.
4. Scroll down and begin gradingcontinue to Page 2 if you have more than 25 students.
5. Make sure to log out of MyPage when finished posting grades.
Last Dates of Attendance - Format: mm/dd/yyyy
Last dates of attendance (LDA) must be submitted for students receiving a grade of E (failing). If a student never attended
the class, please submit the LDA as the first day of the semester.
Clock Hours
Clock hours are reported for Apprentice-related classes only. For all other classes, please leave this column blank.
Change of Grade
Grades change requests may be completed through an email request. Email requests must be sent from the SLCC email
account to: facultygradechange@slcc.edu and include class course and section, class crn, term, student name, student
number, previous earned grade and requested earned grade. Once completed, the email will be sent to the Department
Dean.
Note: grade changes are updated on the student academic history (transcript); grade changes are not changed on the
class list (roster).
Incomplete Grade
Incomplete grades may be given by instructors to students who cannot continue in class because of extenuating
circumstances (such as serious illness, death in the family, or change of employment) with proper documentation.
Students must be passing the course at the time of an Incomplete grade request. A substantial portion of a course must be
completed before an Incomplete is given and is generally defined as 70%; however the final decision is based on the
Instructors discretion. Upon receiving an Incomplete grade, the student must work directly with the instructor to create a
contract indicating required work and time limits for completing the course. The contract should specify (a) required work
to be completed and/or tests to be taken, and (b) time allowed for requirements to be completed. Suggested time period is
six months, however the time period may not exceed one year from the time the Incomplete grade was received. The
student does not re-register for the class, but should work directly with the instructor to complete the contract.
When the student has completed the contract requirements, Faculty submits a grade change by following the above
directions under Change of Grade.
If the student fails to fulfill the contract by the determined completion date or within one year of when the Incomplete was
received, the Incomplete grade will be changed to the grade of E (failing). The student, who wishes to retake the class in
order to receive credit, must officially re-register and will be charged tuition.
MyPage Faculty Services
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Go to: http://www.slcc.edu.
Click on MyPage Login and enter username and password.
If you have not used MyPage before, follow instructions to setup your password.
Click on FacultyTab.
Select desired menu option.
05-05-2015
Permits
Tutorials
Online Tutorials are available on the Center for Innovation and Faculty Training and Learning Center website:
http://www.slcc.edu/ftlc/facultytutorials.aspx Tutorials include how to view class lists, view class information, administrative
drops, report grades, issue override permits and waitlist functions.
Waitlist Function
The waitlist option is available for most courses filled to capacity. Waitlist caps are set at 20% of class capacity. Faculty may
view their course section waitlists through the MyPage Faculty Tab and may communicate with the waitlisted students
through email. As long as the waitlist is operating, students outside of the waitlist cannot enroll in a course. Allow the
waitlist function to operate as intended. The waitlist provides an instrument that allows students to register in an equitable
registration process. The waitlist is available through the seven business-day Add Period.
Overview:
Students registering for a closed class will be offered the opportunity to be put on a Waitlist.
Students must meet prerequisites to be eligible for the Waitlist.
Students may view waitlist status on the MyPage Student Portal.
Students on the waitlist are not officially registered in the class.
When a registered student drops a seat in a closed class, the waitlisted student will be notified by SLCC email.
Once notified by email that a seat is available, the waitlisted student has 24 hours to register for the course.
If registration is not finalized within the 24 hour period, the student is dropped from the waitlist. The next waitlisted
student is notified by email that a seat is available.
Students are offered an open seat based on their waitlist position.
Waitlisted students with time conflicts may not register for the class.
1.
2.
3.
4.
05-05-2015
Universal Access
The Office for Civil Rights emphasizes that students with disabilities should receive all the educational
benefitsin an equally effective and equally integrated manner.
(Office for Civil Rights Dear Colleague Letter, 2010)
If you need assistance creating accessible materials, contact eLearning ext. 5125.
Accommodations
Contact Us
Disability Resource Center
Candida Darling, Director
801-957-4659
http://www.slcc.edu/drc
2 = FOLLOW-UP
3 = AS NEEDED
SLCC
Public
HR
Employee
Safety
Employee Assistance EEO
(Police) Supervisor Relations
Program Office
957-3800
957-4212
1-866-750- 9576237
4561
Brandishes a weapon
1
2
3
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
Any continuous behavior that interferes with an instructors ability to teach and/or students ability to learn that does not reach the level of
physical harm to the individual, the instructor or other students in the classroom. Note that continuous behaviors are mitigated by conditions
such as evidence of alcohol or drug abuse, use of abusive or hate language, and/or sexual harassment.
Suggestions for De-Escalation of Situation
BODY LANGUAGE
VALIDATION
Validate the students feelings (i.e. I can see you are confused, that you want to talk about this, etc.)
DISPLACEMENT OF DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Request that the disruptive behavior be stopped or suggest an alternative location (i.e. Could we continue this conversation during my
office hours? Will you please take that phone call outside? etc.)
ACTION
If situation is unresolved between student and instructor and/or student is asked to leave the class, student must be referred to the Dean of
Students, Dr. Marlin Clark, 957-4004.
LEVEL II Definition
Any behavior that moves beyond interference in the instructors ability to teach and the students ability to learn that could escalate to a potential
threat of violence against the instructor or other students in the classroom.
Suggestions for De-Escalation of Situation
BODY LANGUAGE, TONE AND VALIDATION
Utilize the same body language, tone and validation techniques as in a Level I disruption.
DISPLACEMENT OF DISRUPTIVE STUDENT
Every attempt should be made to get the student to leave the class peacefully and voluntarily.
Do not threaten the student or follow the student when they leave.
If the student will not leave, step outside, call SLCC Campus Safety and have the student removed from the premises.
ACTION
All Level II disruptions must be reported to the Dean of Students, Dr. Marlin Clark, 957-4004.
For:
5.
6.
Anxiety
Depression
Disordered Eating
High stress levels
Survivor of Physical or Sexual Abuse, Assault or Rape (non-campus related)
Victim of Sexual Harassment (non-campus related)
Substance Abuse (non-violation)
Uncontrollable Anger (non-violation)
For:
For:
For:
DISORDERLY CONDUCT
WHAT IS DISORDERLY CONDUCT?
Not all disruptions warrant the disorderly conduct label. It is wise to examine the situation to be sure you
are not reacting emotionally and possibly escalating the disruption. Is the problem being caused by:
Cultural differences?
Differences of opinion?
Communication difficulties?
Situational frustration or confusion?
Dealing with stress and/or emotions?
Needing extra time or attention for a special reason?
You may be able to avoid a conduct issue simply by spending some time examining the problem one-onone with the student.
Articulate clear classroom expectations in the syllabus and review during class. (You may want
to incorporate the Student Code of Conduct definition of Disorderly Conduct and explain that
students engaging in Disorderly Conduct will be referred to the Dean of Students).
Develop agreements as a class during the first session.
Respond to problems quickly and consistently
Correct innocent mistakes and minor first offenses gently.
Give a general word of caution to the class
If possible, speak to the student after, or outside of class.
When necessary, correct the student courteously and indicate that further discussion can occur
during your office hours.
NOTES
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Topic
8:00 8:30 am
Continental Breakfast
8:30 9:50 am
Part 1
Presenter
David Hubert
Assistant Provost, Learning
Advancement, General
Education & ePortfolio
Break
10:00 11:30 am
Part II
David Hubert
Critical Thinking
Quantitative Literacy
By the time you graduate with an
Associates degree, your ePortfolio
should include the following:
Projects and reflective writing
from all the Math classes you
take
At least 2 assignments outside of
Math courses in which you
analyze quantitative data or use
quantitative data in a table or
graph to support an argument
Effective Communication
By the time you graduate with an
Associates degree, your ePortfolio should
include the following:
Excellent reflection throughout
Dolor
Examples
writing
adipiscing:of
David
Hubertin at least 5
Office:
Work
Phone
different genres
Cell: Mobile Phone
At
least
1 audio or video track of
Email:
David.Hubert@slcc.edu
you making a speech or
presentation
Community Engagement
By the time you graduate with an Associates degree, your ePortfolio
should include the following:
At least 3 assignments in which you demonstrate knowledge
of U.S. history, politics, economics, or social issues
At least 2 assignments in which you demonstrate knowledge
of global politics, economics, historical development, and/or
geography
At least 1 assignment or reflection in which you grapple with
issues of diversity in American life
If you have them--and it is fantastic if you do--your servicelearning experiences, reflections and work toward being a
Civically Engaged Scholar
Lifetime Wellness
By the time you graduate with an Associates degree, your ePortfolio
should include at least 1 assignment/reflection indicating your
understanding of the importance of physical activity and its
connection to lifelong wellness.
1
Needs Improvement
(Substantive revisions
would improve this
assignment.)
Clarity of the Assignment
No purpose is listed in the
Purpose
assignment.
Criteria
Goals /
Expectations
No goals or expectations
are listed in the
assignment.
Instructions
2
Fair
(This assignment could
use some minor
revisions.)
3
Good
(This assignment is
darn good as
written.)
Although a purpose is
mentioned, very few
students will be able to
determine why they are
doing the assignment.
Although goals /
expectations are
mentioned, very few
students will
understand them.
Although instructions
are present, many
students would have
difficulty and would
ask substantive
questions before they
could complete the
assignment.
Most students
would understand
why they are doing
the assignment.
Most students
would understand
the goals /
expectations of the
assignment
Most students
would understand
the written
instructions but
might have a few
questions for the
faculty member.
The audience is
mentioned, but is
unclear.
The audience is
explicitly stated
providing some
context for the
assignment.
The students role is
explicitly stated
providing some
context for the
assignment.
The assignment
provides a
potentially
meaningful /
relevant connection
to most students
experiences /
interests.
The assignment is
broken into
manageable
chunks that most
students could
follow and
complete.
Role Played by
Student
(Researcher, nurse,
historian, etc.)
Connection to
Students
(A meaningful /
relevant connection
between the
assignment and
students interests.)
The assignment
attempts to make some
sort of connection to
students experiences /
interests.
Appropriateness of
Size of Chunks
(Each element /
concept / part of the
assignment can be
understood and
completed.)
scaffolding
The assignment is one
large project that would
be difficult for students to
digest.
4
Exemplary
(This is one of the best
assignments Ive reviewed.)
Assessment
Clarity of
Grading
Practices
Potential for
Offering
Feedback to
Students
(For guiding
revisions to the
submission and
further learning.)
Students would
clearly understand
how they will be
graded.
The scoring methods
provide some
feedback that might
guide revisions to
the submission.
Exemplary
(This is one of the best
assignments Ive reviewed.)
Evaluate,
Synthesize,
Create
Do
Full realistic assignment that
mimics what would be done in
real life.
Note that the assignment can result in an oral report, written document, video, set of photographs, etc.
!
Students acquire substantive knowledge throughout the General Education requirements.!
!
Students develop quantitative literacies necessary for their chosen field of study.This includes
approaching practical problems by choosing and applying appropriate mathematical techniques; Using
information represented as data, graphs, tables, and schematics in a variety of disciplines; Applying
mathematical theory, concepts, and methods of inquiry appropriate to program-specific problems.!
Students think critically and creatively.This includes reasoning effectively from available evidence;
demonstrating effective problem solving; engaging in creative thinking, expression, and application;
Engaging in reflective thinking and expression; Demonstrating higher-order skills such as analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation; Making connections across disciplines; Applying scientific methods to the
inquiry process.!
Students develop the knowledge and skills to be community engaged learners and scholars.
This includes understanding the natural, political, historical, social, and economic underpinnings of the
local, national, and global communities to which they belong; Integrating classroom and communitybased experiential learning; Identifying and articulating the assets, needs, and complexities of social
issues faced by local, national, and global communities; Evaluating personal strengths, challenges, and
responsibility for effecting positive social change in local, national, and global communities; Drawing
upon classroom and community-based learning to develop professional skills and socially responsible
civic behaviors; Engaging in service-learning for community building and an enhanced academic
experience.!
Students develop the knowledge and skills to work with others in a professional and
constructive manner.This includes engaging with a diverse set of others to produce professional
work; Interacting competently across cultures; Understanding and appreciating human differences;
Understanding and acting on standards of professionalism and civility, including the SLCC Student
Code of Conduct.!
Students develop computer and information literacy.This includes using contemporary computer
hardware and software to effectively complete college-level assignments; Gathering and analyzing
information using technology, library resources, and other modalities; Understanding and acting upon
ethical and security principles with respect to computer technology and to information acquisition and
distribution; Distinguishing between credible and non-credible sources of information, and using the
former in their work in an appropriately documented fashion.!
This is an abridged version of chapter two from Dannelle D. Stevens and Joanne E. Cooper, Journal
Keeping. How to Use Reflective Writing for Learning, Teaching, Professional Insight and Positive
Change. Sterling, Virginia: Stylus Publishing. 2009.
Learning, therefore, is a continuous and cumulative process. Prior learning becomes the fodder for
further understanding and insight.
In his 1933 work, How We Think, Dewey distinguishes between four different modes of thinking:
imagination, belief, stream of consciousness, and reflection. Dewey acknowledges that imagination,
belief, and stream of consciousness are certainly part of our thinking activities, yet they do not
necessarily contribute to learning and even less to lifelong learning. Reflection, however plays a
different role. Dewey defines reflection as the
active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge
in light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends. (1933,
p. 9)
Reflection is active. When we reflect we examine prior beliefs and assumptions and their
implications. Reflection is an intentional action. A demand for a solution of a perplexity is the
steadying, guiding factor in the entire process of reflection (Dewey, 1933, p. 14). Dewey adds
The function of reflective thought is, therefore, to transform a situation in which there is
experienced obscurity, doubt, conflict, disturbance of some sort into a situation that is
clear, coherent, settled, harmonious. (1933, p. 100)
Reflection starts with discomfort during an experience and leads a person to a balanced state. It
takes time and focus to reach clarity of thought.
Dewey writes that reflection gives an individual an increased power of control (Dewey, 1933, p.
21). It emancipates us from merely impulsive and merely routine activityIt converts action that
is merely appetitive, blind and impulsive into intelligent action (1933, p. 17). It is not enough just
to have an experience. Reflection directs that experience to learning and deeper insights
Reflective thinking takes time and requires one to engage in several different phases or aspects
of reflective thought:
1. Perplexity: responding to suggestions and ideas that appear when confronted with a
problem.
2. Elaboration: referring to past experiences that are similar.
3. Hypotheses: developing several potential hypotheses.
4. Comparing hypotheses: finding some coherence within these hypotheses
5. Taking action: experiencing mastery satisfaction, enjoyment when selecting and then
acting on these hypotheses (Dewey, 1933, pp. 106-115)
Dewey asserts that these are not steps but aspects of reflective activity. An individual may stop at
some point and find it necessary to go back and, for example, collect more experiences.
A key point is that informed action follows this reflective thinking process and leads to more ideas
and therefore generates more experience on which to reflect. Reflective thinking impels to inquiry
(Dewey, 1933, p. 7)
In fact, to Dewey, reflective thinking fosters the development of three attitudes that further the
habit of thinking in a reflective way. These three attitudes are:
These dispositions are the foundation for education that gives people a personal interest in social
relationships and control and the habits of mind that secures social changes without introducing
disorder. (Dewey, 1944, p. 99)
David Kolb (1939- ): Reflection and an Experiential Learning Model
David Kolbs (1984) theory of experiential learning elaborates the process by which adults learn
from their experienceKolbs model (Figure 2.1) illustrates the four stages of learning from
experience: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active
experimentation.
Figure 2.1: Kolbs Theory of Experiential Learning
Concrete Experience
Active
Experimentation
Reflective
Observation
Abstract
Conceptualization
The first phase in the Kolb cycleconcrete, real world experiencemeans direct, practical
experience that results in knowledge by acquaintance as opposed to knowledge about
something. Concrete experience precedes reflective observation of that experience. The next phase,
reflective observation, involves focusing on what that experience means and its connotations in
light of past learning. In the third phase, abstract conceptualization, learners relate their reflective
observations to what they already know: extant theories, preconceived notions, and embedded
assumptions. During active experimentation, the last phase before the cycle begins again, the
learner applies new concepts and theories to the real world.
For Kolb (1984), learning is a cycle that perpetuates more learningReflection is the engine that
moves the learning cycle along its path to further learning, action, and more reflection. Without it,
the learner is stuck in the experience without gaining any new understanding.
Kolb did not address journal writing per se as a reflective tool. Yet the journal offers a unique
opportunity to chronicle and examine more closely and carefully our concrete experiences, and
then to ask the hard questions about how these experiences relate to what is already known. When
students or faculty keep a journal, they are capturing a concrete experience in a written form.
During writing, journal writers can readily examine their concrete experiences, and even step back
and reflect on how those observations might relate to other experiences. To extend the learning
further, during abstract conceptualization the writing can be reread and analyzed for underlying
assumptions and beliefs that contribute to positive outcomesAccording to Kolbs theory, then,
journal writers can actively experiment with the ideas that motivate their actions and thus
approach new experiences with fresh insights and the possibility for new learning
A journal is an appropriate location for documenting experience, generating reflections, and
examining assumptions. Boyd and Fales further argue that reflective learning is the
core difference between whether a person repeats the same experience several times,
becoming highly proficient at one behavior, or learns from experience in such a way that
he or she is cognitively or effectively changed. Such a change involves essentially changing
his or her meaning structures. (1983, p. 100)
Kolbs work elaborates a cycle of learning that leads to informed future action. Another theorist,
Donald Schn, describes the power of two different kinds of reflection to develop expertise in
professional practice fields such as education and medicine.
D. A. Schn (1930-1997): Reflection and Professional Practice
Schn (1983, 1987) was interested in how and when professionals use reflection to build
professional knowledge and expertise. Schns work appeals to professionals who teach
professionals because he distinguishes between the static knowledge found in textbooks and the
dynamic, adaptive knowledge that the expert uses in clinical and professional settings. To bridge
this gap, pre-service professionals need guided practice. Given the dynamic, complex, and
unstructured settings in which professionals work, developing reflective capacity is essential.
Schns initial work (1983) was geared toward those who educate professionals. He asserts that in
the past, professional practice programs have delineated the professions espoused theories to
novices. Yet these theories may make sense in the textbooks but may not actually be applied in
daily practice. The theories that guide daily decision-making, the theories-in-use, are contextually
specific, idiosyncratic, and often not mentioned in textbooks of professional practice. Over and over
again the theories-in-use are tested and developed to become proven, sometimes even unconscious,
ways of performing. One of Schns central concerns is how to help novices learn the theories used
by experts in real life settings.
Schn describes two processes that contribute to the development of expertise: reflection-in-action
and reflection-on-action. Professionals reflect while they are engaged in an experience (reflectionin-action) and after an experience (reflection-on-action). In this process of reflection, novice
professionals develop the theories-in-use that underlie competent, expert decision making.
For most professionals, the journal is a reflection-on-action zone allowing them to slow down the
constant array of demands, scrutinize their actions, and determine whether their present activities
contribute in the long run to their goals and desires. Thus the journal can become a place where
professionals can develop the ability to identify tacit, unspoken knowledge that is not typically
taught. Many professional preparation programs have relied on Schns work to guide their use of
journal-writing activities
How Does Reflection Occur? The Action-Reflection-Action Cycle
Reflection occurs in a cycle of action, reflection, and action. Dewey, Kolb, and Schn included
reflection in at least one step in their theories on learning from experience. For all three, reflection
is not isolated from experience; it is part of a cycle of learning and experiencing. Dewey described
aspects of reflection. Kolb described phases. Schn divided reflection into two parts: reflection
in and on action. All include experience followed by reflection and the generation of hypotheses
or experimental conclusions that are applied to further experience. For each, learning from
experience requires shuttling back and forth from observations, to examination and reflection on
those observations, and then acting on those conclusions. The more people reflect on action, the
better they get at reflecting and the more they can learn about themselves
Why is Reflection Worthwhile? Development of Valued Human Capabilities
Through the development of reflective capacity and the habit of reflective thinking the student or
professional achieves certain broader, more lasting outcomes as well. Dewey (1933) asserts that
reflection is the foundation for democracy through developing the capacity for open mindedness,
wholeheartedness, and responsibility. Kolbs (1984) theory shows how important it is to assess our
basic beliefs that may blind us to new knowledge. Finally, Schns model (1987) leads the
professional to becoming an expert
References
Boyd, E. M., & Fales, A. W. (1983). Reflective Learning: Key to Learning from Experience. Journal of
Humanistic Psychology, 23(2), 99-119.
Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process.
Boston: D. C. Heath. (Original work published in 1910)
Dewey, J. (1944). Democracy and Education. New York: Free Press. (Original work published in
1916)
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as a Source of Learning and Development.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Schn, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Basic
Books.
Schn, D. A. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Exceeds Expectations
Language Use
Context and
Reference
Depth of
Reflection
Conventions of
Standard Edited
English
Levels of Performance
Meets Expectations
Progressing Towards
Expectations
The writer usually employs
The writer sometimes
engaging language, and his/her
uses engaging language,
voice is apparent.
but his/her voice seems to
be lost most of the time.
Clearly Below
Expectations
The writer uses
language that fails to
engage the reader at
all. The writer's voice
seems to be
completely missing.
David Hubert at Salt Lake Community College. Permission granted for reproduction with attribution.
Errors in spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, usage,
grammar and
paragraphing
repeatedly distract the
reader and make the
text difficult to read.
Topic
1:00 1:20 pm
1:20 1:45 pm
1:45 2:45 pm
Teachers as People
3:00 3:30 pm
3:30 4:00 pm
4:00 4:30 pm
4:30 5:00 pm
5:00 7:00 pm
Break
Creating Significant Learning
Experiences
Teaching Underprepared Students
Challenges of English Language
Learners
Importance of Being Critically
Reflective Teachers
Dinner and Social
Presenter
Paul Allen
Associate Dean, Humanities,
Language and Culture
Ryan Hobbs
Director of eLearning
Soni Adams
Associate Dean, Health and
Lifetime Activities
Richard Scott
Dean, School of Arts,
Communication & Media
Maura Hahnenberger
Lecturer, Geosciences
Brenda Gardner
Assistant Professor, Mathematics
Rose Defa
Instructional Designer eLearning
Jane Drexler
Associate Professor, Humanities,
Language, and Culture
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Student
Learning
Experiences
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