Ekxperimen Fizik SPM Kertas 3

SECTION B (EXPERIMENT)
BAHAGIAN B (EKSPERIMEN)
FORM 4 / TINGKATAN 4
CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION
BAB 2 : DAYA DAN GERAKAN
1.
Effect of force (F=ma)

Kesan daya (F=ma)
m,a : Force constant
Daya tetap
Inference
Inferens
Acceleration of trolley depends on its mass

Pecutan troli bergantung pada jisim troli.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Mass increases, acceleration. decreases.

Semakin bertambah jisim troli, semakin berkurang pecutan troli.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between acceleration and mass

Menyiasat hubungan antara pecutan dan jisim.
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
: mass / number of trolley

: jisim / bilangan troli
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
: acceleration of a trolley
: pecutan troli
Constant variable
: Force applied by an elastic cord,F
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Daya yang dikenakan oleh getah kenyal, F
Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Switch on power supply and a ticker timer.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangkamasa detik.
2. The trolley is pulled down the inclined runway with an elastic cord attached to the hind
post of the trolley.
Troli ditarik menuruni landasan condong dengan tali kenyal di sambungkan pada
bahagian troli.
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3. The elastic cord is stretched until the other end is with the front end of the trolley. The
length is maintained as the trolley runs down the runway.
Tali kenyal ditegangkan dan panjang tali kenyal di kekalkan semasa troli menuruni
landasan.
4. The ticker tape obtained is cut into strips of 10- ticks and the acceleration, produced
by the one unit of force is calculated by using the formula, a=v-u/t
Pita detik yang diperolehi dipotong dengan setiap jalur mempunyai 10 detik dan
pecutan yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit daya dihitung menggunakan formula , a=v-u/t
5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 trolley (with a second trolley stack up on
the first trolley)
Eksperimen diulangi dengan bilangan troli 2,3,4 dan 5 ( troli kedua di lekatkan pada
bahagian atas troli pertama)
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Mass of trolley
Jisim troli
1 trolley
1 troli
2 trolley
2 troli
3 trolley
3troli
4 trolley
4troli
5 trolley
5 troli
Acceleration
Pecutan
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Acceleration
Pecutan
Mass
Jisim
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2.
Effect of force (F=ma)

Kesan daya (F=ma)
F, a : Mass constant
Jisim tetap
Inference
Inferens
Acceleration of trolley depends on its force

Pecutan troli bergantung pada daya troli.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Force increases, acceleration. increases

Semakin bertambah daya , semakin bertambah pecutan troli.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between acceleration and force

Menyiasat hubungan antara pecutan dan daya
: Force applied by an elastic cord, F

: Daya yang dikenakan oleh getah kenyal, F
Responding variable
: Acceleration of a trolley
: Pecutan troli
Constant variable
: mass / number of trolley
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : jisim / bilangan troli
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Switch on power supply and a ticker timer.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangkamasa detik.
2. The trolley is pulled down the inclined runway with an elastic cord attached to the hind
post of the trolley.
Troli ditarik menuruni landasan condong dengan tali kenyal di sambungkan pada
bahagian troli.
3. The elastic cord is stretched until the other end is with the front end of the trolley. The
length is maintained as the trolley runs down the runway.
Tali kenyal ditegangkan dan panjang tali kenyal di kekalkan semasa troli menuruni
landasan.
4. The ticker tape obtained is cut into strips of 10- ticks and the acceleration, produced
by the one unit of force is calculated by using the formula, a=v-u/t
Pita detik yang diperolehi dipotong dengan setiap jalur mempunyai 10 detik dan
pecutan yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit daya dihitung menggunakan formula , a=v-u/t
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5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 identical elastic cord.

Eksperimen diulangi dengan bilangan troli 2,3,4 dan 5 getah kenyal yang sama.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Force / Number of elastic cord
Daya/ Bilangan getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
Acceleration
Pecutan
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Acceleration
Pecutan
Force / Number of elastic cord

Daya/ Bilangan getah kenyal
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3.
Velocity and height of a trolley

Halaju dengan ketinggian troli
v, h : angle of inclined runway,
Sudut kecondongan landasan,
Inference
Inferens
Velocity depends on the height of a trolley

Halaju troli bergantung kepada ketinggian troli
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Height of trolley increases , velocity of trolley increases

Semakin bertambah ketinggian troli, semakin bertambah halaju troli.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between velocity and height of a trolley

Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan ketinggian troli
: Height of a trolley,h
: Ketinggian troli, h
Responding variable
: Velocity of a trolley
: Halaju troli
Constant variable
: angle of inclined runway,
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Sudut kecondongan landasan,
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. A ticker tape is attached to a trolley and passed through a ticker-timer connected to a
power supply.
Pita detik dilekatkan pada troli dan melalui jangka masa detik yang disambungkan
kepada bekalan kuasa.
2. The trolley is placed at a height,h=10.0cm from the table top. The height, h is
measured by using a ruler and recorded.
Troli diletakkan pada ketinggian, h =10.0 cm dari permukaan meja. Ketinggian,h di
ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. The power supply is turned on and the trolley is released to the run down the runway.
Bekalan kuasa dihidupkan dan troli dilepaskan menuruni landasan.
4. The velocity of the trolley at the bottom of the runway is calculated by using the
formula
Halaju troli pada bahagian bawah landasan dihitung dengan menggunakan formula
v= Distance traveled,s
Time for 5 ticks
= s cm
5 ticks X 0.02s
, v = Jarak dilalui,s
Masa untuk 5 detik
= 5cm
5 detik X 0.02 s
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5. The experiment repeated with a height,h = 20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan ketinggian h = 15.0cm, 20.0cm, 25.0cm and 30.0cm.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Height of a trolley (cm)
Ketinggian troli(cm)
Velocity
Halaju
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Velocity
Halaju
Height of a trolley
Ketinggian troli
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4.
Velocity and distance of a spring compression

Halaju dengan jarak mampatan spring
v, x : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring
Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring
Inference
Inferens
Velocity depends on a distance of a spring compression

Halaju troli bergantung kepada jarak mampatan spring
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Distance of a spring compression increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

Semakin bertambah jarak mampatan spring , semakin bertambah halaju troli.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring compression

Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan jarak mampatan spring
: Distance of a spring compression, x

: Jarak mampatan spring, x
Responding variable
: Halaju troli
Constant variable
: Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

diameter // thickness of a spring
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring//kekerasan//
diameter //ketebalan spring
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Switch on the power supply and ticker timer.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangka masa detik.
2. Compress the spring by pushing the trolley at a distance, x =2.0cm measured by a
ruler.
Mampatkan spring dengan menolak troli pada jarak, x =2.0cm diukur dengan
menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. Release the trolley and calculate the velocity of a trolley from a ticker tape by using
the formula,
Lepaskan troli dan hitung halaju troli daripada pita detik menggunakan formula,
Time for 5 ticks
= s cm
5 ticks X 0.02s
Masa untuk 5 detik
= 5cm
5 detik X 0.02 s
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4. The experiment repeated with a distance compression,x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm and
10.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak mampatan spring, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0 cm dan
10.0cm.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Distance of a spring compression, x (cm)
Jarak mampatan spring, x (cm)
Velocity
Halaju
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Velocity
Halaju
Distance of a spring compression, x

Jarak mampatan spring, x
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5.
Velocity and distance of a spring stretching

Halaju dengan jarak regangan spring
v, x : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring
Inference
Inferens
Velocity depends on a distance of a spring stretching

Halaju troli bergantung kepada jarak regangan spring
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Distance of a spring stretching increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

Semakin bertambah jarak regangan spring , semakin bertambah halaju troli.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring stretching

Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan jarak regangan spring
: Distance of a spring stretching, x

: Jarak regangan spring, x
Responding variable
: Halaju troli
Constant variable
: Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

diameter // thickness of a spring
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring//kekerasan//
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Switch on the power supply and ticker timer.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangka masa detik.
2. Pull the trolley at a distance, x =2.0cm measured by a ruler.
Tarik troli pada jarak, x =2.0 cm diukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. Release the trolley and calculate the velocity of a trolley from a ticker tape by using
the formula,
Lepaskan troli dan hitung halaju troli daripada pita detik menggunakan formula,
Time for 5 ticks
= s cm
5 ticks X 0.02s
Masa untuk 5 detik
= 5cm
5 detik X 0.02 s
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4. The experiment repeated by pulling the trolley at a distance, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm
and 10.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak mampatan spring, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0 cm dan
10.0cm.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Distance of a spring stretching, x (cm)
Jarak regangan spring, x (cm)
Velocity
Halaju
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Velocity
Halaju
Distance of a spring stretching, x

Jarak regangan spring, x
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6.
Period of oscillation and mass (Inertia)

Tempoh ayunan dengan jisim
T, m : The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of oscillation
Bilangan ayunan bilah gergaji // sudut ayunan
Inference
Inferens
Period of oscillation depends on its mass.

Tempoh ayunan bergantung kepada jisim
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The mass increases , the period of oscillation increases

Semakin bertambah jisim , semakin bertambah tempoh ayunan.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between period of oscillation and a mass.

Menyiasat hubungan antara tempoh ayunan dan jisim.
: Mass
: Jisim
Responding variable
: Period of oscillation
: Tempoh ayunan
Constant variable
: The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of

oscillation
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan ayunan bilah gergaji // sudut ayunan
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Measure the mass of the plasticine, m= 20.0g by using the triple beam balance and
place it at the end of the hacksaw blade.
Timbang jisim plastisin, m =20.0g menggunakan neraca tiga alur dan letakkan
dihujung bilah gergaji.
2. Displace the hacksaw blade at a small angle of about 10.
Sesarkan bilah gergaji pada sudut ayunan yang kecil 10.
3. Release the hacksaw blade and at the same time start the stopwatch.
Lepaskan bilah gergaji dan pada masa yang sama hidupkan jam randik.
4. Record the time for 10 complete of hacksaw oscillations, t10
Catatkan masa bagi 10 ayunan lengkap bilah gergaji, t10
5. The period of the hacksaw blade oscillation is calculated by using the
formula T= t10
10
Tempoh ayunan bilah gergaji dihitung dengan menggunakan
formula T= t10
10
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6. Experiment is repeated by using different mass of plasticine, m= 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g

and 100.0g.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim plastisin yang berlainan, m = 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g
dan 100.0g.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Mass of plasticine, m (g)
Jisim plastisin,m (g)
Period of oscillation
Tempoh ayunan
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Period of oscillation
Tempoh ayunan
Mass of plasticine, m
Jisim plastisin,m
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7.
Extension of a spring and mass (Hookes Law)

Pemanjangan spring dengan jisim (Hukum Hooke)
x, m : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring
Inference
Inferens
Extension of a spring depends on its mass.

Pemanjangan spring bergantung kepada jisim
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The mass increases , the extension of a spring increases

Semakin bertambah jisim , semakin bertambah pemanjangan spring.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between extension of a spring and a mass.

Menyiasat hubungan antara pemanjangan spring dan jisim.
: Mass
: Jisim
Responding variable
: Extension of a spring, x
: Pemanjangan spring, x
Constant variable
: Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness

//diameter // thickness of a spring
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan//
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Measure the initial length of the spring, L1 by using a ruler.
Ukur panjang asal spring, L1 menggunakan pembaris meter
2. Put one slotted mass,m = 20.0g at the end of the spring
Letakkan jisim pemberat,m = 20.0g pada hujung spring.
3. Measure the length of the spring, L2
Ukur panjang spring, L2
4. Calculate the extension of the spring, x= L2-L1
Hitungkan pemanjangan spring ,x = L2-L1
5. Repeat the experiment by using different of slotted mass,m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g
and 100.0g.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim pemberat yang berlainan, m = 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g
dan 100.0g.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Slotted mass,m (g)
Jisim pemberat,m (g)
Extension of a spring,x
Pemanjangan spring, x
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Extension of a spring,x
Pemanjangan spring, x
Slotted mass,m (g)

Jisim pemberat,m (g)
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CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE

BAB 3 : DAYA DAN TEKANAN
1.
Pressure and surface area ( P = F / A )

Tekanan dengan luas permukaan ( P = F /A)
P, A : Weight / Force / Mass of slotted weight
Berat / Daya / Jisim pemberat
Inference
Inferens
Pressure depends on surface area .

Tekanan bergantung kepada luas permukaan.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Surface area decreases , pressure increases.

Semakin berkurang luas permukaan, semakin bertambah tekanan.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between pressure and surface area

Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan luas permukaan.
: Surface area ,A
: Luas permukaan, A
Responding variable
: Pressure
: Tekanan air
Constant variable
Pembolehubah yang ditetapkan
: Weight / Force / Mass of slotted weight

: Berat / Daya / Jisim pemberat
Susunan Radas:
Slotted weight
Pemberat
Wooden rod
Rod kayu
Plasticine
Plastisin
Ruler
Pembaris meter
dd
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Start the experiment with a wooden rod has surface area 1 cm2
Mulakan eksperimen dengan luas permukaan rod kayu 1 cm 2
2. Placed the load of mass 200 g on the top of wooden rod as shown on diagram.
Letakkan pemberat dengan jisim 200g di atas rod kayu seperti ditunjukkan pada
rajah.
3. Measure the depth of depression, d made on the plasticine by using a ruler.
Ukur kedalaman ,d plastisin dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
4. Repeat the experiment with different surface area of rod , A = 2 cm2, 3 cm2 , 4
cm2 and 5cm2.
Eksperimen diulang dengan luas permukaan rod kayu yang berbeza, A =2 cm2,
3 cm2 , 4 cm2 dan 5cm2.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Surface area (cm2)
Luas permukaanbersentuhan(cm2)
Pressure
Tekanan
1
2
3
4
5
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Lukis graf tekanan melawan luas permukaan
Draw a graph pressure against surface area
Pressure
Tekanan
Surface area
Luas permukaan
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2.
Buoyant force, FB and depth of iron rod in water / weight of water displaced (Prinsip Archimedes)
Daya Tujah Ke atas, FB dengan kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang disesarkan (Prinsip
Archimedes)
FB, W0wd :
Density of a liquid
Ketumpatan cecair
Inference
Inferens
Buoyant force depends on depth of iron rod in water / weight of water displaced
Daya tujah ke atas bergantung kepada kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang
disesarkan
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The depth of iron rod in water increases / weight of water displaced increases , the
buoyant force increases.
Semakin bertambah kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang disesarkan , semakin
bertambah daya tujah ke atas.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between buoyant force and the depth of iron rod in
water
Menyiasat hubungan antara daya tujah ke atas dan kedalaman rod besi dalam air.
: Depth of iron rod in water

: Kedalaman rod besi dalam air
Responding variable
: Buoyant force
: Daya tujah ke atas
Constant variable
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan
: Density of a liquid
: Ketumpatan air
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The weight of iron rod in air is measured by using a spring balance,W 0
Berat rod besi di udara di ukur dengan menggunakan neraca spring, W0
2. The iron rod is lowered vertically in the water at depth, L=5.0cm
Rod besi di masukkan ke dalam air secara tegak pada kedalaman, L=5.0cm
3. The weight of iron in the water is measured,W1.
Berat rod besi di dalam air diukur, W1
4. The buoyant force,B is calculated by using a formula, B= W1 W0.
Daya tujah ke atas , FB di hitung dengan menggunakan formula, B= W1 W0.
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5. The experiment is repeated with depth, L=10.0cm,15.0cm,20.0cm and 25.0cm.

Eksperimen diulang dengan kedalaman, L = 10.0cm, 15.0cm, 20.0cm dan 25.0cm.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Depth of iron rod in water (cm)
Kedalaman rod besi dalam air (cm)
Buoyant force
Daya tujah ke atas
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Buoyant force
Daya tujah ke atas
Depth of iron rod in water

Kedalaman rod besi dalam air
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CHAPTER 4: HEAT
BAB 4 : HABA
1.
Rise in temperature, and mass of material ( Q = mc)

Kenaikan suhu dengan jisim bahan (Q = mc)
, m : Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type of liquid
Suhu awal bahan // muatan haba tentu air// jenis cecair
Inference
Inferens
Rise in temperature depends on its mass.

Kenaikan suhu bergantung kepada jisim bahan.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The mass of material decreases, the rise in temperature increases.

Semakin berkurang jisim bahan , semakin bertambah kenaikan suhu.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between rise in temperature and the mass of material.
Menyiasat hubungan antara kenaikan suhu dan jisim bahan.
: Mass of material
: Jisim bahan
Responding variable
: Rise in temperature
: Kenaikan suhu
Constant variable
: Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type

of liquid
: Suhu awal bahan // muatan haba tentu air// jenis
cecair
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The 20g of water is filled in the beaker.
20 g air diisi didalam bikar.
2. The initial temperature, 0 of water is recorded.
Suhu awal air, 0 air dicatat.
3. Switch on the heater and record the final temperature, F after 5 minutes.
Hidupkan pemanas dan catatkan bacaan suhu akhir , F selepas 5 minit.
4. Rise of temperature is calculated using a formula =F - 0
Kenaikan suhu dihitung dengan menggunakan formula =F - 0
5. Repeat the experiment for different masses 40g,60g,80g and 100g.
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6. The experiment is repeated with different masses, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g and 100.0g.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim yang berbeza, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g dan 100.0g.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Mass of material (g)
Jisim bahan (g)
Rise in temperature
Kenaikan suhu
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Rise in temperature
Kenaikan suhu
Mass of material
Jisim bahan
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2.
( Boyles Law P = 1 )
V
Tekanan dengan Isipadu ( Hukum Boyles P = 1 )
V
Pressure and Volume
P, V
Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

Suhu / jisim udara di dalam picagari
Inference
Inferens
Pressure depends on its volume.

Tekanan bergantung kepada isipadu.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The volume decreases , the pressure increases.

Semakin berkurang jisim bahan , semakin bertambah tekanan.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between pressure and volume.

Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan isipadu.
: Volume
: Isipadu
Responding variable
: Pressure
: Tekanan
Constant variable
: Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

: Suhu / jisim udara di dalam picagari
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The piston of the syringe is pushed in until the enclosed volume of air trapped is
50cm3.
Omboh picagari ditolak sehingga isipadu udara terperangkap 50cm 3.
2. The pressure on the Bourdon gauge is recorded.
Tekanan pada Tolok Bourdon dicatatkan.
3. Repeat the experiment for enclosed volume /air trapped in the syringe 40cm3, 30cm3,
20cm3 and 10cm3.
Eksperimen diulang dengan isipadu udara yang terperangkap,V = 40cm3, 30cm3,
20cm3 dan 10cm3.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Volume of air trapped (cm3)
Isipadu udara yang terperangkap (cm3)
Pressure
Tekanan
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Pressure
Tekanan
Volume of air trapped

Isipadu udara terperangkap
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3.
Volume and Temperature ( Charles Law V = T )

Isipadu dengan Suhu ( Hukum Charles V = T )
V, T
Mass / Pressure of air trapped

Jisim / Tekanan udara terperangkap
Inference
Inferens
Volume depends on its temperature.

Isipadu bergantung kepada suhu.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The temperature increases , the volume increase.

Semakin bertambah suhu , semakin bertambah isipadu.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between volume and temperature.

Menyiasat hubungan antara isipadu dan suhu.
: Temperature of trapped air,

: Suhu udara terperangkap,
Responding variable
: Length of air column,x

: Panjang turus udara, x
Constant variable
: Mass/ Pressure of trapped air

: Jisim/ Tekanan udara terperangkap.
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The water is heated and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water reaches
20C.
Air dipanaskan dan dikacau berterusan sehingga suhu air mencapai 20 C.
2. The length of air column, x is measured by using a ruler.
Panjang turus udara, x di ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. The experiment is repeated by increases the temperature, = 40C,60C, 80C and
100C.
Eksperimen diulang dengan dengan menambahkan suhu , = 40C,60C, 80C dan
100C.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Temperature of trapped air, (C )
Suhu udara terperangkap, (C )
Length of air column trapped ,x

Panjang turus udara terperangkap, x
20
40
60
80
100
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Length of air column trapped,x

Panjang turus udara terperangkap, x
Temperature of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap
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4.
Pressure and Temperature ( Pressure Law P = T )

Tekanan dengan Suhu ( Hukum Tekanan P = T )
P, T
Mass / Volume of air trapped

Jisim / Isipadu udara terperangkap
Inference
Inferens
Pressure depends on its temperature.

Tekanan bergantung kepada suhu.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The temperature increases , the pressure increases.

Semakin bertambah suhu , semakin bertambah tekanan.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature.

Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan suhu.
: Temperature of trapped air,

: Suhu udara terperangkap,
Responding variable
: Pressure of trapped air

: Tekanan udara terperangkap
Constant variable
: Mass/ Volume of trapped air

: Jisim/ Isipadu udara terperangkap.
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The water bath is heated and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water
reaches 20C.
Air di dalam kukus dipanaskan dan dikacau secara berterusan sehingga suhu air
mencapai 20C.
2. The pressure of the air in round bottomed flask is measured by using the Bourdon
gauge.
Tekanan udara di dalam kelalang dasar bulat di ukur dengan menggunakan Tolok
Bourdon.
3. The experiment is repeated by increases the temperature 40C,60C, 80C and 100C.
Eksperimen diulang dengan dengan menambahkan suhu , = 40C,60C, 80C dan
100C.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Temperature of trapped air, (C )
Suhu udara terperangkap, (C )
Pressure of trapped air

Tekanan udara terperangkap
20
40
60
80
100
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Pressure of trapped air

Tekanan udara terperangkap
Temperature of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap
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CHAPTER 5: LIGHT
BAB 5 : CAHAYA
1.
Linear magnification,m and object distance,u

Pembesaran Linear, m dengan Jarak objek, u
m, u : Focal length / lens power
Panjang focus / kuasa kanta
Inference
Inferens
Linear magnification depends on the object distance.

Tekanan air bergantung kepada kedalaman air.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Object distance increases , linear magnification decreases.

Semakin bertambah jarak objek , semakin berkurang pembesaran linear.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between linear magnification and object distance.

Menyiasat hubungan antara pembesaran linear dan jarak objek.
: Object distance , u
: Jarak objek , u
Responding variable
: Linear magnification
: Pembesaran linear
Constant variable
: Focal length / lens power

: Panjang fokus / kuasa kanta
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The object is placed 10.0cm from the lens.
Objek diletakkan 10.0 cm daripada kanta.
2. Adjust the screen until the sharp image formed on the white screen.
Skrin dilaraskan sehingga imej yang tajam dibentuk pada skrin.
3. The image distance,v is measured by using a ruler.
Jarak imej, v di ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
4. Linear magnification of the image, m is calculated using a formula, m=v/u
Pembesaran linear imej, m di hitung dengan menggunakan rumus, m=v/u
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5. Repeat the experiment with different object distance, u=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and
50.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak objek yang berlainan, u =20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm
dan 50.0cm.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Object distance,u (cm)
Jarak objek, u (cm)
Linear magnification
Pembesaran linear
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Linear magnification
Pembesaran linear
Object distance
Jarak objek
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2.
Density of a liquid and apparent depth

Ketumpatan cecair dengan dalam ketara, h
Real depth
Dalam nyata
Inference
Inferens
The apparent depth depends on density of liquid.

Dalam ketara bergantung kepada ketumpatan cecair
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The density of a liquid increases the apparent depth decreases.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
Semakin bertambah ketumpatan cecair , semakin berkurang dalam ketara

To investigate the relationship between apparent depth and density of a liquid
Menyiasat hubungan antara dalam ketara dan ketumpatan cecair
: Density of a liquid
: Ketumpatan cecair
Responding variable
: Apparent depth
: Dalam ketara
Constant variable
: Real depth
: Dalam nyata
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The beaker is filled with liquid with density 1.0 kgm-3.
Bikar di isi dengan air berketumpatan 1.0 kgm-3.
2. By using a ruler ,the real depth of the pin is measured = H
Dengan menggunakan pembaris meter, dalam nyata kedudukan pin di ukur, H
3. The position of pin O is seen vertically above the surface of the water.
Kedudukan pin O dilihat secara tegak di atas permukaan air.
4. The position of pin I is adjusted until parallax error between the pin O and the pin I is
non- existent.
Kedudukan pin I dilaraskan sehingga ralat paralaks antara pin I dan pin O tidak
kelihatan.
5. By using the ruler again ,the position of pin I is measured as the apparent depth = h
Dengan menggunakan pembaris meter, kedudukan pin I diukur sebagai dalam
ketara =h
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6. Repeat the experiment with different density of liquid, = 2.0 kgm-3 , = 3.0 kgm-3 .
= 4.0 kgm-3 and = 5.0 kgm-3
Eksperimen diulang dengan ketumpatan cecair yang berlainan, = 2.0 kgm-3 , = 3.0
kgm-3 . = 4.0 kgm-3 and = 5.0 kgm-3
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Density of a liquid, (kgm-3 )
Ketumpatan cecair, (kgm-3 )
Apparent depth, h(cm)

Dalam nyata, h (cm)
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Apparent depth
Dalam nyata
Density of a liquid
Ketumpatan cecair
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FORM 5 / TINGKATAN 5
CHAPTER 6: WAVE
BAB 6 : GELOMBANG
1.
Distance between two consecutive loud sounds,x and distance between two loud speakers, a
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x dan jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a
, d
Frequency of the signal generator

Frekuensi penjana audio
Inference
Inferens
Distance between two consecutive loud sounds,x depends on distance between two loud
speakers, a
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x bergantung kepada jarak antara dua
pembesar suara, a
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The distance between two loud speakers, a, increases the distance between two
consecutive loud sounds,x decreases.
Semakin bertambah jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a ,semakin berkurang jarak
antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the distance between two consecutive loud
sounds, x and distance between two loud speakers, a
Menyiasat hubungan antara jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x dan jarak
antara dua pembesar suara, a
: Distance between two loud speakers, a

: Jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a
Responding variable
: Distance between two consecutive loud sounds,x

: Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x
Constant variable
: Frequency of the signal generator

: Frekuensi penjana audio
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Place a signal generator and two loudspeakers on a long bench in an open space.
Letakkan penjana audio dan dua pembesar suara
2. Adjust the separation, a, of the two speakers 1.0m.
Ubah pemisahan ,a dua pembesar suara 1.0m.
3. Switch on the signal generator.
Hidupakan penjana audio.
4. An observer stand 5m in front of A and B and walks in a straight line parallel to the
both loudspeaker position.
Pemerhati berdiri 5m dihadapan pembesar suara dan berjalan di sepanjang garis
garis lurus selari dengan kedudukan kedua-dua pembesar suara.
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5. The distance between two consecutive loud sound heard, x, is measured by metre rule.
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x diukur dengan menggunakan pembaris
meter.
6. Repeat the experiment with distance between two loudspeakers, a=1.2m,
1.4m,1.6m,1.8m and 2.0m.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak antara dua pembesar suara,a = 1.2m,
1.4m,1.6m,1.8m dan 2.0m.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Distance between two loud
speakers, a (cm )
Jarak antara dua pembesar
suara, a(cm )
Distance between two consecutive

loud sounds,x
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang
berturutan, x
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Distance between two consecutive loud sounds
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan
Distance between two loud speakers

Jarak antara dua pembesar suara
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CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRICITY
BAB 7 : ELEKTRIK
1.
Rise in temperature, and magnitude of current

Kenaikan suhu, dan magnitud arus.
, I
Time of heating // volume of water

Masa pemanasan // isipadu air
Inference
Inferens
Rise in temperature depends on the magnitude of current.

Kenaikan suhu bergantung kepada magnitud arus.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The magnitude of current increases the rise in temperature increases.

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah kenaikan suhu.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the rise in temperature and magnitude of

current .
Menyiasat hubungan antara kenaikan suhu dan magnitud arus.
: Magnitude of current, I
: Magnitud arus, I
Responding variable
: Rise in temperature,
: Kenaikan suhu,
Constant variable
: Time of heating // volume of water

: Masa pemanasan // isipadu air
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Record the initial water temperature, 0
Catatkan suhu awal air, 0
2. Switch on the circuit and adjust the the rheostat to supply a current 0.2A.
Hidupkan suis dan laraskan rheostat supaya arus yang mengalir 0.2A.
3. Record the final water temperature, F after 5 minutes.
Rekod suhu akhir air, F selepas 5 minit.
4. Rise in temperature, is calculated by using the formula = F - 0
Kenaikan suhu, dihitung dengan menggunakan formula = F - 0
5. Repeat the experiment for different magnitude of current, I=0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A and
1.0A.
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A dan
1.0A.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Magnitude of current, I (A)
Magnitud arus, I(A)
Rise in temperature,
Kenaikan suhu,
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Rise in temperature
Kenaikan suhu
Magnitude of current
Magnitud arus
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2.
Resistance and length/diameter of wire

Rintangan dan panjang / diameter dawai.
Diameter/length/ current/resistivity
Diameter /panjang / arus / kerintangan
Inference
Inferens
Resistance of wire depends on the length of wire.

Riantangan dawai bergantung kepada panjang dawai
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The length of wire increases the resistance of wire increases.

Semakin bertambah panjang dawai semakin bertambah rintangan dawai.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the resistance of wire and the length of wire.
Menyiasat hubungan antara rintangan dawai dan panjang dawai
: length of wire.
: Panjang dawai
Responding variable
: resistance of wire
: rintangan dawai
Constant variable
: Diameter/length/ current/resistivity
: Diameter /panjang / arus / kerintangan
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. A constantan wire (s.w.g 28) with the length, L=10.0 cm is connected between XY.
Wayar constantan (s.w.g 28) dengan panjang, L=10.0 cm disambungkan antara titik
XY.
2. The rheostat is adjusted until the current flows in the circuit 0.5A and voltmeter
reading is recorded.
Reostat dilaraskan supaya arus yang mengalir di dalam litar 0.5A dan bacaan
voltmeter direkodkan.
3. The resistance calculated by using a formula, R=V/I
Rintangan di hitung dengan menggunakan formula R=V/I
4. Repeat the experiment with length of wire, L=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.
Ulang eksperimen dengan panjang dawai L=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
length of wire, L (cm)
Panjang dawai, L(cm)
resistance of wire,R ()
Rintangan dawai, R()
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Resistance of wire
Riantangan dawai
Length of wire
Panjang dawai
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3.
Energy / Work done / Power / height of the load and magnitude of current / voltage
Tenaga / Kerja dilakukan / Kuasa / Ketinggian beban dan magnitud arus / voltan.
h, I
Mass of the load

Jisim beban
Inference
Inferens
Height of the load depends on the magnitude of current.

Ketinggian beban bergantung kepada magnitud arus.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The magnitude of current increases the height of the load increases

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah ketinggian beban.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the height of the load and magnitude of current
Mengkaji hubungan antara ketinggian beban dan magnitud arus.
: Magnitud arus, I
Responding variable
: Height of the load,h

: Ketinggian beban, h
Constant variable
: Mass of the load

: Jisim beban
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Switch on the power supply.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa.
2. Adjust the rheostat so that the current flow in the circuit is 0.5A.
Laraskan rheostat supaya arus yang mengalir dalam litar, I= 0.5 A.
3. Activate the stopwatch.
Hidupkan jam randik.
4. Measure the height/distance of the load, h goes up using a ruler in 2 minutes.
Ukur ketinggian / jarak beban, h menggunakan pembaris meter selepas 2 minit.
5. Repeat experiment with different current, I=1.0A, 1.5A, 2.0A and 2.5A.
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 1.0A, 1.5A, 2.0A dan
2.5A.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Magnitud arus, I(A)
Height of the load

Ketinggian beban
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Height of the load
Ketinggian beban
Magnitud arus
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CHAPTER 8 : ELECTROMAGNET
BAB 8 : ELEKTROMAGNET
1.
Strength of magnetic field / number of pin attracted and magnitude of current

Kekuatan medan magnet / bilangan pin yang ditarik dan magnitud arus.
N, I
Number of turn of the solenoid

Bilangan lilitan solenoid
Inference
Inferens
Strength of magnetic field depends on the magnitude of current.

Kekuatan medan magnet bergantung kepada magnitud arus.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The magnitude of current increases the strength of magnetic field increases.

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah kekuatan medan magnet.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the strength of magnetic field and magnitude of
current .
Mengkaji hubungan antara kekuatan medan magnet dan magnitud arus.
: Magnitud arus, I
Responding variable
: Number of pin attracted

: Bilangan pin yang ditarik
Constant variable
: Number of turn of the solenoid

: Bilangan lilitan solenoid
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The switch is on and rheostat is adjusted to set the current flow, I = 0.2A.
Hidupkan suis dan rheostat dilaraskan supaya arus yang mengalir, I = 0.2A
2. Bring the petri dish filled with pin at the end of solenoid.
Bawa piring petri yang berisi pin pada hujung solenoid.
3. Record the number of pin attracted by the end of the solenoid.
Catatkan bilangan pin yang ditarik oleh hujung solenoid.
4. Repeat the experiment with current, I =0.4A, 0.6A, 0.8A and 1.0A.
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A dan
1.0A.
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Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Magnitud arus, I(A)
Number of pin attracted

Bilangan pin yang ditarik
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Number of pin attracted
Bilangan pin yang ditarik
Magnitud arus
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2.
Magnitude of the induced current and velocity / speed / height of bar magnet
Magnitud arus teraruh dan halaju / laju / ketinggian magnet bar
I, h
Number of turn of the solenoid

Bilangan lilitan solenoid
Inference
Inferens
Magnitude of the induced current depends on the height of bar magnet.

Magnitud arus teraruh bergantung kepada ketinggian magnet bar.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The height of bar magnet increases the magnitude of the induced current increases.
Semakin bertambah ketinggian magnet bar semakin bertambah magnitud arus teraruh.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and
height of bar magnet.
Mengkaji hubungan antara ketinggian magnet bar dan magnitud arus teraruh.
: Height of bar magnet ,h

: Ketinggian magnet bar, h
Responding variable
: Magnitude of the induced current

: Magnitud arus teraruh
Constant variable
: Number of turn of the solenoid

: Bilangan lilitan solenoid
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The height of bar magnet is adjusted at h = 20 cm.
Ketinggian magnet bar dilaraskan, h = 20 cm
2. The bar magnet is dropped vertically into the coil of wire. Record the maximum
reading of miliammeter.
Magnet bar dijatuhkan secara tegak ke dalam gegelung wayar. Catatkan bacaan
maksimum miammeter.
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3. Repeat the experiment with different height of bar magnet dropped, h = 30 cm, 40
cm, 50cm and 60 cm .
Eksperimen diulang dengan menjatuhkan magnet bar pada ketinggian yang berbeza,
h= 30 cm, 40 cm, 50cm dan 60 cm .
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Height of bar magnet, h (cm)
Ketinggian magnet bar,h (cm)
Magnitude of the induced current

Magnitud arus teraruh
20
30
40
50
60
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Height of bar magnet

Ketinggian magnet bar
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3.
Force / displacement / distance travelled and magnitude current.

Daya / sesaran / jarak yang dilalui dan magnitud arus
I, h
Number of magnet bar / strength of electromagnet

Bilangan bar magnet / kekuatan elektromagnet
Inference
Inferens
Distance travelled of bare copper rod depends on the magnitude of current.

Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum bergantung kepada magnitud arus.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The magnitude of current.increases the distance travelled of bare copper rod increases.
Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod
kuprum.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the distance travelled of bare copper rod and
magnitude of current.
Mengkaji hubungan antara jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum dan magnitud arus
: Magnitude current.
: Magnitud arus.
Responding variable
: Distance travelled of bare copper rod

: Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum
Constant variable
: Number of bar magnet

: Bilangan bar magnet
Susunan Radas:
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. The switch is switched on. The rheostat is adjusted to obtain a current, I = 0.5 A
Suis dihidupkan. Reostat dilaraskan supaya arus mengalir, I = 0.5A
2. Measure the displacement of the bare copper rod by using metre ruler.
Ukur sesaran bar rod kuprum menggunakan pembaris meter.
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3. Repeat the experiment with different magnitude of current, I = 1.0A. 1.5A, 2.0 A and
2.5A..
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbez, I = 1.0A. 1.5A, 2.0 A dan
2.5A..
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Magnitud arus, I (A)
Distance travelled of bare copper rod

Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum
20
30
40
50
60
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Distance travelled of bare copper rod
Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum
Magnitude of current.
Magnitud arus.
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4.
Magnitude of induced current / potential difference (Vs) and number of turns of the secondary coil
Magnitud arus teraruh / beza keupayaan dan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder
I, Ns
: Primary voltage // number of turns of the primary coil // size / diameter / thickness of wire of
coils.
Voltan Primary // bilangan lilitan gegelung primary //saiz / diameter / ketebalan gegelung
wayar.
Inference
Inferens
Magnitude of the induced current depends on the number of turns of the secondary coil
Magnitud arus teraruh bergantung kepada bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
The number of turns of the secondary coil increases the magnitude of the induced
current decreases.
Semakin bertambah bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder semakin berkurang magnitud
arus teraruh.
Aim of experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and
number of turns of the secondary coil.
Mengkaji hubungan antara magnitud arus teraruh. dan bilangan lilitan gegelung
sekunder .
: Number of turns of the secondary coil, Ns

: Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.Ns
Responding variable
: Magnitude of the induced current

: Magnitud arus teraruh
Constant variable
Pembolehubah yang ditetapkan
: Number of turns of the primary coil

: Bilangan lilitan gegelung primary
Susunan Radas:
Ac power
supply
OR
Soft laminated iron core
Ac power
supply
45
4531/3 Fizik_2014
Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. Set up the apparatus as shown, with a 240 V ac current supply with 50 turns on the
primary coil.
Susun alat radas seperti ditunjukkan iaitu bekalan kuasa 240V dengan 50 bilangan
lilitan gegelung primary.
2. Set the secondary coil so that the number of turns n = 20
Gegelung sekunder dilaraskan dengan bilangan lilitan, n =20
3. Switch on the power supply, measure the current, I by using the ammeter that passes
through the secondary coil.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa, ukur arus,I dengan menggunakan ammeter yang melalui
gegelung sekunder.
4. Repeat the experiment with different number of secondary coil, n = 40, 60, 80 and
100 turns.
Eksperimen diulang dengan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder yang berbeza, Ns =
40, 60, 80 dan 100 turns.
Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:
Number of turns of the
secondary coil,Ns
Bilangan lilitan gegelung
sekunder, Ns

20
40
60
80
100
Analysis of data:
Analisis data:
Number of turns of the secondary coil

Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder, n
SELAMAT MAJU JAYA SPM 2014
46
4531/3 Fizik_2014

Ekxperimen Fizik SPM Kertas 3

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Ekxperimen Fizik SPM Kertas 3

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SECTION B (EXPERIMENT)

Effect of force (F=ma)

Acceleration of trolley depends on its mass

Mass increases, acceleration. decreases.

To investigate the relationship between acceleration and mass

: mass / number of trolley

Effect of force (F=ma)

Acceleration of trolley depends on its force

Force increases, acceleration. increases

To investigate the relationship between acceleration and force

: Force applied by an elastic cord, F

5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 identical elastic cord.

Force / Number of elastic cord

Velocity and height of a trolley

Velocity depends on the height of a trolley

Height of trolley increases , velocity of trolley increases

To investigate the relationship between velocity and height of a trolley

Velocity and distance of a spring compression

Velocity depends on a distance of a spring compression

Distance of a spring compression increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring compression

: Distance of a spring compression, x

: Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

Distance of a spring compression, x

Velocity and distance of a spring stretching

Velocity depends on a distance of a spring stretching

Distance of a spring stretching increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring stretching

: Distance of a spring stretching, x

: Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

Distance of a spring stretching, x

Period of oscillation and mass (Inertia)

Period of oscillation depends on its mass.

The mass increases , the period of oscillation increases

To investigate the relationship between period of oscillation and a mass.

: The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of

6. Experiment is repeated by using different mass of plasticine, m= 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g

Extension of a spring and mass (Hookes Law)

Extension of a spring depends on its mass.

The mass increases , the extension of a spring increases

To investigate the relationship between extension of a spring and a mass.

: Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness

Slotted mass,m (g)

CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE

Pressure and surface area ( P = F / A )

Pressure depends on surface area .

Surface area decreases , pressure increases.

To investigate the relationship between pressure and surface area

: Weight / Force / Mass of slotted weight

: Depth of iron rod in water

5. The experiment is repeated with depth, L=10.0cm,15.0cm,20.0cm and 25.0cm.

Depth of iron rod in water

Rise in temperature, and mass of material ( Q = mc)

Rise in temperature depends on its mass.

The mass of material decreases, the rise in temperature increases.

: Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan

6. The experiment is repeated with different masses, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g and 100.0g.

Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

Pressure depends on its volume.

The volume decreases , the pressure increases.

To investigate the relationship between pressure and volume.

: Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe