ElizabethMoreno

ProfessorOgden
English1ASTACC
21April2016
AnnotatedBibliography
Anzalda,Gloria.HowtoTameaWildTongue.ReadingsforRevolutionaryWriting.
Boston:Bedford/St.Martins,2013.2232.Print.

InGloriaAnzaldua'sessayHowtoTameaWildTongueshediscussesherchildhoodandthepressure
thatshefelttoidentifyherselfwitheitherherMexicanorAmericanculture.Aftermuchselfreflectionshe
chosetoidentifywithboth.Whenshewritesshewritesinbothlanguageswithouttranslationsandthatis
herwayofexpressingherauthenticvoice.AnzalduaissimilartoSantiagoBacabecausehealsouseshis
authenticvoiceinhispoetry.Writersliketheseareperfectexamplesofwriterswhoexpresstheirculture
andbackgroundthroughtheirwriting.

Baca,JimmySantiagoPoemHunter."ThereAreBlack."Poemhunter.com.3Jan.2003.
Web.06Apr.2016.

ThroughpoemhuntermygroupandIfoundapoemcalledThereAreBlackwhichwaswrittenby
SantiagoBacafromhistimeinprison.Inthepoemhetalksabouthoweveninprisontherewasstill
segregationandhowtheinmatesweredehumanizedbecausehedescribesthemasantpilesandhow
theyjustmindlesslymarchhedescribeshisfellowinmatesandmindlesswithoutrealpurpose.Hispoetry
wasanescapeforhimandwasawayforhimtoreconnecttowhohewasandexpresseverythinghe
feltwhileinprison.Itgavehimasenseofpurpose.Thisconnectstoauthenticvoicebecausethereason
hispoetrywassopowerfulandmeaningfulisbecausehesharedhispersonalityandexperiences.

Baca,JimmySantiagoPoemHunter."AsLifeWasFivePoem."Poemhunter.com.3Jan.
2003.Web.06Apr.2016.

ThepoemAsLifeWasFivewaswrittenbySantiagoBacaandhewritesaboutatimewhenhewas
youngerandhewatchedhisgrandfathergetdiscriminatedagainst.Throughhiswritingheexpressedthe
angerandconfusionhefeltandhementionshowitpersonallyaffectshisfamily.Bysharingthispersonal
experiencehisreadersareabletosympathisewithhissituationandtheyarealsoabletogetaglimpseof
anexampleofracismandseehowmuchofanegativeaffectishas.


Battye,Claire."UCLInstituteofEducation,UniversityCollegeLondon."Readingfor

PleasurePutsChildrenAheadintheClassroom,StudyFinds.N.p.,11Sept.2013.
Web.04Mar.2016

TheauthorofthisarticlewroteaboutacohortstudybyInstituteofEducationthatcomparesstudents
whoreadforpleasureandstudentswhodont.Thestudywasmainlybasedonthetestscoresofthe
students.Aftermultipletesttheresearchersconcludedthatthechildrenwhoreadmoreoftendidatmost
3timesbetterthanthestudentswhorarelyread.Theysawthatthechildrenwhoreadhadawider
vocabularyandtheyevenshowedbetterscoresinmath.Itwaseasierforthosestudentstoanalyzeand
understandthemathquestions.ThisstudyhighlightstheacademicbenefitsthatIwroteaboutinmy
researchpaper.

Birkerts,Sven."WhyRead?."SchoolLibraryJournal(2012):2628.AcademicSearch
Premier.Web.1Mar.2016.

SvenBirkertsscholarlyarticlediscussestheimportanceofreadinghabitsinchildren.Heexplainshow
goodreadinghabitsenhancesimaginationandhavinggoodimaginationislinkedtoimproveacademic
successandpersonaldevelopment.Whenchildrenreadtheystarttocreatecertainreadinghabitsthat
theyapplytothewaythatlearninothersubjects.Studentswhohavealreadyworkedtodevelopthese
goodhabitshaveaneasiertimewhenitcomestoschoolbecausetheyareabletounderstandtocontext
betterandbebetterproblemsolvers.Birkertsarticlesupportstheideathatchildrenshouldbemore
encouragedtoreadfromayoungagebecausetheywillshowbetteracademicsuccess.

Davis,Sampson,GeorgeJenkins,andRameckHunt.ThePact:ThreeYoung
BlackMenMakeaPromiseandFulfillaDream.NewYork,NY,U.S.A.:
Riverhead,2002.Print.

ThenovelThePactisanautobiographybasedonthelivesofthreeyoungmenwhocamefroma
brokenunderprivilegedcommunityandovercametheviolenceanddruglifethatsurroundedthem.The
threefriendssupportedeachother'seducationalgoalsandworkedhardtostayawayfromtheganglife
thatwasconstantlytryingtopullthemin.Theymadeapacttobecomedoctorstogetherandtosupport
eachotherthroughthedifficultprocess.Evenaftertheylefttheirhomebehindtoattendtheuniversity
theystillfacedmanyobstaclessuchasracismandtheoveralldifficultyofgoingtomedicalschool.Each
oftheyoungmenwereabletoabletogettheirdegreesintheend.Thisinspirationalstoryisimportant
becauseitbeusedtomotivateotherstudentswhocomefromunderprivilegedcommunitiesandthatare
facingsimilarchallenges.TheirstoryconnectstowriterslikeSantiagoBacabecausetheybothshare
theirpersonalexperiencesandchallengeandshowthatit'spossibletoobtainyourgoalsnomatter
whereyoucomefrom

Flood,Alison."SharpDeclineinChildrenReadingforPleasure,SurveyFinds."The

Guardian.GuardianNewsandMedia,09Jan.2015.Web.03Mar.2016.

AlisonFloodconductedmultiplesurveysinordertoseeiftheamountofchildrenwhoreadforpleasure
haschanged.Throughherresearchsheconcludedthatinrecentyearstheamountofchildrenwhoread
hasgraduallydecreased.Aftereightyearsoldreadingforenjoymenthasasharpdecline.Althoughin
herstudyshecompareschildrenwhowerereadtobytheirparentsandthestudentswhoreadontheir
ownandthestudyshowedthatchildrenwhowerereadtohadlargerchancesofcontinuingtoreadthan
studentswhoreadontheirown.Thestudysupportstheideathatifparentsexposetheirchildrento
readingatayoungagetheyaremostlikelytocontinueontheirown.

Frank,Anne.AnneFrank:TheDiaryofaYoungGirl.NewYork:Bantam,1993.Print.

AnneFrank'sdiaryisaveryfamousbookthatrepresentsthewaythatthroughwritingyoucaninspire
hopeforothersanduseyourvoicetofindthelightinthedarkness.AnneFrankwroteherdiaryduring
worldwarthreeandshesharedeverythingshewitnessedsuchastheviolencethattookplaceandallthe
segregationofJewishpeople.Althoughshelivedduringatimeofhateandgenocideshestillfoundthe
lightinthelittlemoments.SheusesauthenticvoicejustlikeSantiagoBacaandAnzaldua.

hooks,bell.WhereWeStand:ClassMatters.NewYork:Routledge,2000.Print.

Inhernovelbellhooksdiscussesclass.Sheexplainshowit'sasubjectthatmostpeopledon'tbotherto
discusseventhoughitmatters.Classisimportantbecauseshesaysitiswhatcauseslackofdiversity.
Mostpeoplebelievethatitisbecauseissueswithrace.Shealsohighlightsthatpeoplenevereventake
thetimetothinkaboutwhatclasstheywouldidentifythemselveswithbecausepeoplefromlower
classesdon'twanttoseethemselvesthatway.Inherwritingyoucanseethewaythatsheusesher
authenticvoice.Shewritesinnonacademiclanguageasifshewastalkingtoafriendalthoughshestill
soundsconvincingandsureofhertopic.

King,Dr.MartinL.IHaveaDream.ReadingsforRevolutionaryWriting.Boston:
Bedford/St.Martins,2013.189192.Print.

TheIhaveadreamspeechisafamousspeechgivenbyDr.MartinLutherKingduringthecivilrights
movementandcalledforequaltreatmentforAfricanAmerican.Duringthetimeofthisspeechtherewas
violentracismtowardsAfricanAmericanstothepointwheretheyweresegregated.Kingusedhisvoice
torallypeopletogetherandmotivatethemtostandforequalityandinspirethemtofightfortheirrights.
KingissimilartoGloriaAnzalduabecausesheusedhervoiceinherwritingtoshowthatshewasproud
ofherMexicanAmericanroots.KingusedhisvoicetoshowprideforhisAfricanAmericanheritage
anddidn'tletsocietysilenceorcensorhim.

Ludden,Jennifer."WhyAren'tTeensReadingLikeTheyUsedTo?"NPR.NPR,12May
2014.Web.03Mar.2016.

ThissourceisanNPRinterviewthatdiscussessomeofthereasonswhyteenagersarestartingtoread
lessandless.DuringthisNPRinterviewvariousstudentswereaskedinwhatwaystheyspendtheirfree
timeandmanyansweredbysayingtheyspenttheirfreetimeontheirphonesusingpopularappslike
HuluandNetflix.Whentheydiscussedwhyreadingwasacommonthingtodointheirfreetimemost
studentsrespondedsayingthatreadingisboringandtheydoitonlyifitsahomeworkassignmentand
theyfeelliketheyhaveto.Throughthisinterviewwecanidentifyhowreadinghasanegativestigma
attachedtoitsinceit'sseenassomethingtheywouldonlydoifitwasforced.

OwusuAcheaw,Michael."ReadingHabitsAmongStudentsandItsEffectonAcademic
Performance:AStudyofStudentsofKoforiduaPolytechnic."LibraryPhilosophyand
Practice131(2014):110.DigitalCommons.Web.18Apr.2016.

Theresearcherconductedastudytotestiftherewasalinkbetweenacademicsuccessandreading
habits.Thestudywasmadeofofmostlyquestionarsandthestudywasalsofocusedtowardscollege
students.Theystudyshowedthatthemajorityofstudentsknewthatreadingwasimportantandthatit
hadmanybenefitsbutlessthanhalfreadanovelinthepastsixmonths.Moststudentsconfirmedthat
theyonlyreadwhenitwasnecessarytopassanexamination.Thisarticleisusedinmyresearchpaper
tohelpexplainhowtheissueisnotraisingawarenessabouttheimportanceofreadingbecausestudents
alreadyknowthatanditdoesn'tinfluencethemtoreadmore.

Perrin,Andrew."SocialMediaUsage:20052015."PewResearchCenter.N.p.,8Oct.
2015.Web.22Mar.2016.

ThePewResearchcenterconductedastudybasedontheusageofsocialmedia.Theyfocusedonthe
agesofthepeoplewhousedsocialmedia.Itexplainshowyoungadultsaremostlikelytousesocial
mediabutitisstillwidelyusedbyallages.Socialmediahasaneffectonhowstudentslearnbecauseitis
adistractionandthisdataremindsreadersthatthisdistractionisonlybecomingmorepopular.This
informationprovidedonereasonthatstudentsstrayawayfromreading.Readingisnotapopularactivity
butsocialmediaissomethingaliveandthriving.

Pipher,Mary.WritingtoChangetheWorld.NewYork:Riverheadbooks,2006.Print.

MaryPipherwritesalotabouttheimportanceofauthenticvoiceandhowpeopleshouldincorporateit
ineverythingtheydobecauseit'swhatmakestheirworkconnecttoothers.Shereferencesmultiple
historicfiguressuchasAnneFrankandJamesBaldwintoshowhowevenasinglevoicecanhavethe
powertoinfluencethewaypeoplefeelandreacttocertainsubjects.Shedescribesthiswayofwriting
aschangewritingandsharessomeideasonhowtodiscoverauthenticvoice.MaryPipher'sidea
branchesoutandconnectstoalltheworkthatwehavedonethroughoutthesemester.

Pickhardt,CarlE."AdolescenceandtheInfluenceofParents."PsychologyToday.N.p.,18
Oct.2011.Web.5Apr.2016.

Parentsarethepeoplewhoarethemostinfluentialtotheirchildrenbecausetheirchildrenarealways
observantandpickingupontheirparentshabits.Childrenoftenwanttofeelconnectedtotheirparents

that'swhytheyoftenmimicthemortrytobehavelikethem.Childrenalsovaluetheopinionsoftheir
parentsandalwaysfeeltheneedtomeettheirexpectationsthat'swhytheydothingsthatwillresultin
praisefromtheirparents.Thisinformationisimportantbecauseitcanbeappliedtoreading.Onewayto
getstudentstoreadwouldbetogettheparentsofstudentstoincorporatereadingintotheirlivesand
introducingitassomethingimportant.

Phythyon,John."HowReadingImprovesSocialSkills."N.p.,13Jan.2012.Web.18Apr.
2016.

Studentswhoreadforpleasureonaveragehavebettersocialskillsthanthosewhodon't.JohnPython
explainsthatstudentswhoreadalotlearnhowtoidentifyemotionsbecausetheylearnthemthroughthe
characterstheyreadabout.Byalsogettinginsighttohowitistoexperiencetheseemotionsmakesthe
readermoresympathetic.Acombinationofunderstandingandsympathyhelpscreatestudentswho
behavebettersocially.Thisinformationsupportsmyargumentthatreadingforpleasureincludesmore
benefitsthanjustacademic.Itcanimprovetheoverallcharacterofapersonandit'sthesetypeof
studentswhowillmakeadifferenceinsociety.

SnchezFlavian,Patricia."LanguageAndPoliticizedSpacesInU.S.LatinoPrisonPoetry:
19701990."BilingualReview27.2(2003):114124.AcademicSearchPremier.Web.6
Apr.2016.

LanguageisapowerfultoolusedbywritersandPatriciaSanchezexplainsthewaySantiagoBacauses
languageinthepoetrythathewroteinprison.Shetalksabouthowpoetrywasanemotionalescapefor
prisonersandhowitgavethemasenseoffreedomeventhoughtheywereincarcerated.SantiagoBaca
isaninfluentialfigurebecausehewasaprisonerwhousedhisvoiceandpoetrytocreateabetterlifefor
himselfandnowhereisafamouspoetandauthor.Heisanexampleonhowlanguagecanbelife
changing.Iuseherarticletoarguethebenefitsofwritingandlanguageandhowevenreadingstorieslike
hiscaninspirestudents.

Swales,John.TheConceptofDiscourseCommunity.Feb2016.PDFFile

LinguisticsprofessorJohnSwalesdefinesdiscoursecommunityandexplainsthewaythatitinvolvesthe
socialnatureoflanguage.Inthesimplesttermsadiscoursecommunityisagroupofpeopleor
communitiesthatworktogetherforapurposeortoachieveagoal.Thisgroupevenworkstogetherto
extendtheirknowledgeoftheirtopicoridea.Iusedhisarticleinorderexplainthatmydiscourse
communityisyoungstudents.Iidentifythemasadiscoursecommunitybecausetheyareacommunityof
studentsthatworktoachievethesamegoalwhichistobecomeproperlyeducatedandapplytheir
educationintheirdailylives

Tung,Chi,andShuChang."DevelopingCriticalThinkingthroughLiteratureReading."

FengChiaJournalofHumanitiesandSocialSciences(2009):287318.Web.4Mar.
2016.
Inthisscholarlyarticletheresearchersconductstudiesinordertodetermineifthereisalinkbetween
developingcriticalthinkingskillsandreadingliterature.Theyhadstudentstakemanyquizzesand
practiceexercisessuchaslearninglogsandinclassdiscussions.Theresultsofthisstudyconcludedthat
thestudentswhoreadliteratureimprovedoverallcriticalthinkingskillsespeciallyinanalysis.Also,the
studyrevealedthattheinclassdiscussionsbasedontheliteraturetheyreadwasthemosteffective
exerciseindevelopingcriticalthinkingskills.Criticalthinkingisanessentialtoolforthesuccessof
studentsandtheresearchersprovethatliteraturereadingbasedexercisesexceedsthemajorityofother
exercises.

Weissman,Jordan."TheDeclineoftheAmericanBookLover."TheAtlantic.Atlantic
MediaCompany,21Jan.2014.Web.05Apr.2016.

ThearticlesharesstatisticianinformationonhowtheaverageamountofAmericanreadersasdeclined
dramaticallyovertheyears.ThewriterusesdatafromthePewResearchcenterthathasbeengathering
datafromthistopicsince1978.Heincludesthefactthattheamountofbooksapersonreadsdirectly
connectstotheirlevelofeducation.Evenpeoplewhohaveminimalcollegeeducationshowtoread
morethantheaverageperson.Iusedthisinformationinmyresearchpapertoarguethattheamountof
peoplereadingiscontinuingtodeclineandhasbeendecliningforseveralyears.Itreinforcesmyidea
thatsocietyneedstocometogetherasacommunitytomakeachange.

"BeingYoungandMakinganImpact."NatalieWarne:.TEDxTeen,Apr.2011.Web.
21Feb.2016.
https://www.ted.com/talks/natalie_warne_being_young_and_making_an_impact

InhertedtalkNatalieWarnetalksaboutthehowat18shedecidedtonottakethetraditionalpathof
goingtocollegeoutofhighschoolandinsteadbecominganactivistintheInvisibleChildrenmovement.
Shedescribeshowmuchshestruggledbutattheenditwasworthitbecauseshewasdoingsomething
thatsheloved.Shesharesherstoryinordertoremindyoungadultsthatifyouwanttoworktomakea
changeit'spossible.HerstoryconnectswithotherauthorslikeSantiagoBacaandthethreemenfrom
thepactbecausetheyallhadtostruggletoachievewhattheywantedandattheendtheywereableto
fulfilltheirdreams,expresstheirauthenticvoiceandatthesametimeinspireothers.