3.

Explain different integrity constrains supported by RDBMS and

ORDBMS with suitable examples
Ans- Integrity Constraints are the set of constructs provided by a data model for
specifying conditions that must be satisfied by the data. An Integrity constraint (IC)
is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data that can be
stored in an instance of the database.
Integrity constraints can bei. Domain Constraints
ii. Key Constraints
iii. Foreign Key Constraints
iv. General Constraints
Domain Constraints
- Domain refers to a set of possible values for each attribute associated with an
entity set.
- Domain constraints in the schema specify an important condition that the user
wants each instance of the relation to satisfy.
Key Constraints
- A Key Constraint is a statement that a certain minimal subset of the fields of a
relation is a unique identifier for a tuple.
- Super Key : It is a set of one or more attributes which put together enable us to
identify uniquely an entity in the entity set.
- Candidate Key : A set of fields that uniquely identifies a tuple according to a key
constraint is called a candidate key. A super key for which no subset is a super key
is called a candidate key. ( A super key that is minimal is a candidate key ).
- Primary Key : It is a candidate key (there may be more than one) chosen by the
database designer to identify entities in an entity set.
Foreign Key Constraints
- The most common IC involving two relations is a foreign key constraint.
- Foreign Key : If the primary key of one table is referenced in the other table, then
that key is called as foreign key in the another table. The foreign key in the
referencing relation must match the primary key of the referenced relation.
General Constraints
- General constraints: Domain, primary key and foreign key constraints are
considered to be a fundamental part of the relational data model. It is also
necessary to specify more general constraints.
- General constraints are- Table Constraints Table constraints are associated with a
single table and checked whenever the table is modified.
- Assertions Assertions involve several tables and are checked whenever any of
these tables is modified.
DBMS stands for Database Management System which is a general term for a set of
software dedicated to controlling the storage of data.
RDMBS stand for Relational Data Base Management System.
DBMS includes the theoretical part that how data are stored in a table. It does not
relate tables with another. While RDBMS is the procedural way that includes SQL

syntaxes for relating tables with another and handling data stored in tables.
In DBMS all the tables are treated as different entities. There is no relation
established among these entities.
ORDBMS = ODBMS + RDBMS = (O + R) * DB * MS. On a logical level, an ORDBMS is
the MS process methods applied for DB data structure, which is complied with O
object and R relational concepts.