TRA This is a text of religious history, a will left by King Songtsen Gampo and concealed in a pillar marked with tree leaves in the Lhasa Cathedral, which was later discovered by the great teacher, Atisa. This text is also known by the name Guide to Lhasa (tha-sa’i dkar-chag), mary Katyayana/ A direct disciple of Buddha Sakyamuni known especially for his knowledge of Vinaya, and who was also the founder of the. Theravadin tradition, one of the four main schools of the Theravada tradition. 154 1. Primordially pure or pure from the beginning; the original mode of abidance of that which is basically unarisen; a term used in Nyingma teachings. 2. Emptiness.may aSsy . . Tub Innately pure from the beginning: the primordial principle TAT AAS AA GN OAT The nature of primordial purity; the primordial reality. TATRA 34] The primordial breakthrough-path. A core transmission of the secret rDzog Chen practice, the quintessential instruction for liberating lazy disciples effortlessly. Through the mastering of this instruction one is able to maintain the meaning of primordial reality in its instinctive and natural mode by way of gaining awareness within oneself, reaching a conclusion upon hearing the words and introducing inner confidence upon liberation, through understanding the intrinsically abiding self-arisen primordial mind otherwise stabilized but to be released only by means of four modes of liberating it (ee grol-lugs-chen-po bzhi). PARANA AA - Kadampa Desheg. His real name is Sherab Senge, but is also known by the name Pobpa Thaye. Born in the Water-Tiger year (1122) of the second sexagenerary at Dokham, eastern Tibet, he built Kathog monastery in the Palyul district of the Kham region. He was a great master belonging to the Nyingma tradition. He died in the Water-Mouse year (1192)... TP Spear-noose; harpoon; a spear with a noose at its end used as a tantric implement. rap Kaniska/ An early Indian King. With his military power he conquered small kingdoms and built the Gandhola kingdomparry 2 during the first century, but at the end of his life became a Buddhist and erected many temples and stupas. He accepted Acarya Aryasiira (rta-dbyangs) as his teacher and patronized Buddhist activities. He also invited many Arhats to Kashmir and composed the treatise known as Mahavibhanga (bye-brag chen-po). arora Kamalasila/ An Indian Acarya professing the philosophy of the Yogacarya Madhyamaka school which developed in the eastern part of India during the eighth century A.D. During the reign of King Tri-Song Deu-Tsan he was invited to Tibet and defeated the Chinese monk Hashang Mahayana holding ‘ton-mun’, the instantaneous path of enlightenment, as opposed to the Bodhisattva doctrine of ‘chen-min’, the gradual path of enlightenment, in a philosophical contest. As a consequence, he wrote Triple Stages to Enlightenment (sgom-rim rnam gsum) and established the latter tradition of doctrine. IAP a NAR ASA 'S A) A stupa with four gates built on the highway north of the Lhasa cathedral. It is believed to be a holy place where the great meditator, Thangtong Gyalpo spent many years practising meditation before 1368 A.D. "Ay V7IRNS | The Karma Kagyud Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism; one of the many lineages of Kagyud traditions founded by the first Karmapa Dusum Khyenpa (1110-1193), who was a distinguished disciple of Gampopa (see sgam-po-pa). He established Tsurphu Monastery, the main seat of his tradition, in the north-west of Lhasa. In India, the main centre of Karma Kagyud has been re-established in Rumtek, Sikkim.AAA 85) That which pronounces ki-li ki-li, one of the eight cemeteries (see dur-khrod chen-po brgyad). i arxBq] Kumérajiva. A a great translator from Kotan (li-yul). His father, although of Indian origin, married a princess of a northern Kotan (li-yul) king, and gave birth to this translator there. At a young age he entered monkhood, and received the name Zhonu Tsering. He studied Sanskrit language and Hinayana Buddhist doctrines, but later entered into Mahayana tradition and became erudite in the Middle View philosophy. He was proficient in both Tibetan and Chinese language. He translated the Diamond Cut Sittra and major and minor texts of the Wisdom Perfection texts, the White Lotus Siitra, the Stainless Wisdom Siitra, the Root Middle Way text of Nagarjuna, Aryadeva’s Four Hundred Stanzas and many other treatises. He had many disciples and passed away at the age of seventy. 1 ana A goddess of power called Rigje-ma (nig-byed-ma) common to Sakya’s golden transmission lineage (gser-chos). 4 The Kusa grass, literally meaning that which dispels evil or the supreme grass. It has a fine and rich, crispy tassel of leaves, it is sweet flavoured, moderate to digest, and has the power to prolong one’s life and increase the essential energy of the human body. TA TAR RBA Kusinagari/ The city of Kusha, Kushinagara where BuddhaSakyamuni passed away into parinirvana. Located close to the border of India and Nepal near Gorakhpur. TN a An Indian pandit who was invited to Tibet during the reign of King Songtsen Gampo. He translated many tantric texts of different levels from Sanskrit into Tibetan. TV n A Yogi mendicant; a yogi who practices the art of tantric exorcism and penance. ya Sqr qq A cut-ritual (gcod) practice in which one offers one’s body as a feast (tshog) to accumulate merit. AAT The ever-binding factors; fetters. Those categories of delusions that are responsible for making repeated obstacles for one’s mind during meditation on calm-abiding (Samatha) and equanimity (upeksa/ btang-snyoms). There are four (see kun-dkris bzhi) and three levels of wrong activities which can be categorized as follows. If a wrong activity 1s committed fulfilling all the four factors, such a wrong activity becomes great; if only the first, i.e. not regarding a breach as a fault, is present and the others are absent, such a wrong activity becomes middling: and if all other three are present, except not regarding a breach as fault, it becomes weak. MAAN ASA Asta paryavasthana/ The eight ever-binding factors; eight fetters. The delusions that disturbs the mind repeatedly during meditation on calm-abiding (Samatha) and equanimity (btang- snyoms). These are: 1. §)®'| styana/ mental sloth 2. 995] middha/ sleep 3. ayy auddhatya/ agitation 4. agaTANIA §V a5 kaukartyam/ regret 5. 4aag irsyal jealousy 6. 83 matsarya/ miserliness 7. €'8'45'S} ahrikyal lack of shame 8, BAVA; anapatrapyam/ lack of concern for others. TASS SG) Dasa paryavasthana/ The ten ever-binding factors; the ten fetters: 1-8. (see above, kun-dkris brgyad) 9. &'S! krodha/ anger 10.°44°4| mraksa/ concealment. TANG Catvari paryavasthana/ The four ever-binding factors; the four fetters. A breach of the Bodhisattva or tantric vows 1s complete if these four factors are present: 1. $8549V'3y'9) not regarding the breach as wrong 2. §rahyaday not wishing to avoid it in the future 3. agra gy rejoicing in misdeeds 4, 85° RNAS pot being ashamed or embarrassed, "Ba ARS The Omniscient Lama Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). A Nyingma Lama regarded as a great visionary by all the four schools of Tibetan Buddhism; who was influenced greatly by a vision of Acarya Padmasambhava. Out of more than two hundred treatises some of his major works include the Seven Treasures (see klong-chen mdzod-bdun), Triple Relaxation (ngal-gso skor gsum) and Triple Seif Liberation (rang-grol skor gsum). TAIN ATRIA) Sammatiya/ A school of Buddhist philosophy (see mang-pos bkur-ba’i sde). TA AR av ASG The real name of Sakya Pandita (see sa-skya pandi-ta).mage CA : 4 ARSE Kunga Nyingpo (1092-1158). One of the five foremost masters of the Sakya tradition. He was the abbot of the Sakya monastic university at Sakya for forty-six years. aN Ananda; one of the twelve close disciples of Buddha Sakyamuni known for his knowledge of scriptures. He was second of the seven hierarchs (see ston-pa’i gtad rabs-bdun) after the passing away of Buddha and recited by heart the Sittrapitaka during the first council held at Rajagrha. He was also one of the main disciples who attended Buddha's teachings on the four tantras of medicine. Og A. Space B. Snake C. Mental factor or factors (see below) that accompanies every instance of mind or mental activity. ante Pafica sarvagah/ Five ever-functioning mental factors. Mental factors that accompany every instance of mind and mental activity. These are: 1. 8*9|_vedana/ feeling 2. na 4a samjna/ recognition 3, Sas centana/ perception 4, 2474] sparsa/ contact 5. 84'°V55'| manasikara/ attention, NR aarg| Ever-functioning cause. One of the six types of causes (see tyu-drug). Those delusions (phra-rgyas) that occur in or travel through all the three realms of existence and act as an obstacle for attaining the state of liberation (nirvana ), ASAT ARN The five feelings (see tsor-ba Inga) within the mental continuum of ordinary persons.ByeANs The five great disciples; the five ascetics (see ‘khor Inga-sde bzang-po). WAST Maskarin Gosaliputra. One of the six non-Buddhist teachers; a self-professed teacher of Hindu philosphy during the time of Buddha Sakyamuni. He taught that the sufferings of all sentient beings were spontaneous without any reliance upon causes and conditions. SEN NAS ANY Adesana pratiharya/ Miracle of speech. The power of Buddha enables him to read others minds (meritorious or non- meritorious) and teach accordingly. 15D GIN A ABO) Parikalpita laksana/ Imputed phenomena. One of the three phenomena (see mtsan-nyid gsum). The existence of a thing by mere conceptual labelling, i.e. the confused mind labels persons and phenomena by misconception and identifies existents as |, self, mine or name, upon imputation. may sacy “Samantabhadral A. Those existents that are pure or virtuous throughout all of its parts. B. The sphere of reality (dharmadhatu) or the nature truth body (dharmakaya). C. Tathagata Samantabhadra. D. Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, one of the eight close spiritual sons of Buddha Sakyamouni (see nye-ba’l sras-brgyad). E. According to the Bon tradition, the complete enjoyment body (sambhogakaya). na 54 Samkalpa/ A. Thorough investigation; the process ofconceptual analysis. B. Thoughts, concepts, conceptualization and imagination. SGN Parikalpita/ Conceptual imputation; intellectual imputation; artificial labelling or imputation. Misconception of the true nature of phenomena developed through reasoning rooted in philosophical and intellectual study or training. TASBAN IIS The two types of imputed phenomena. 1. SARA GAIN pariyaya parikalpita/ nominally imputed phenomena 2, 444 dy dicw yay 4949448) alaksana parikalpita/ imputed phenomena lacking identity. 7A SGA NASI Parikalpita rupa/ Imputed form. Forms seen in imagination, e.g. horse, elephant, house, etc., seen in a dream, and seeing all surroundings filled with skeletons in concentration meditation (samadhi). 719, S6IN'T 94 AEN Parikalpita klesa/ Imputed delusions. Deluded views and such that disturb the peace of mind as a result of wrong conceptual labelling of the meaning of reality imposed by a mind tainted with a wrong philosophy. TANNA AT Parikalpita avidya/ Imputed ignorance. Lack of understanding of the mode of reality of phenomena conjoined with deluded views of a wrong philosophy. ma TEIN AIA Parikalpita bala/ Power of imputation. Lack of attachment towards all outer and inner phenomena; having seen allMAN HA SCN UAL SANA IC | phenomena as being empty and lacking self nature through wisdom combined with concentration (samadhi). Nya A monastery established in the Wood-Tiger year (1794) located to the south-west of the Potala palace in Lhasa. Tagtra Rinpoche was the chief Lama of this monastery. Two masters of this lineage have been regents of Tibet. MATRA T TG Seven abandonmenis of the truth of origin. The seven things abandoned by a person having seen the truth of origin of all sufferings within this desire realm. These are: 1. 4234) avidyal ignorance 2. 44445) raga/ desire-attachment 3. FE él pratigha/ hatred-anger 4.84%] mana/ pride 5. Hay vicikitsa/ doubt 6, mithyadrsti/ wrong views 7. ¥T4SF neal drstiparamarsa/ views holding wrong moral disciplines as superior Arar Al Literally ‘ali-shaking’. This refers to the central energy channel. It is called this because the central energy channel is responsible for generating the essential drop, bliss within energy, and bliss from wind-energy. MAAN |G SICA) SarhkleSa/ Thoroughly afflicted phenomena. The six primary delusions (see rtza-nyon drug) and twenty near-delusions (see nye-nyon nyi-shu) motivated by cause or intent that motivates. MA 3AVGAACATA'RC’ SAAC A ‘Sarnklega vaiyadanika/ Thoroughly afflicted and purified phenomena. The ever-afflictive and the ever-wholesome side of phenomena. The truth of suffering and origin are the ever-TRAN SR SRANWA TARY = ig afflictive and the truth of cessation and path are the ever- wholesome side. Ma AN'SS FCAT S Cy Samklesa satya/ The thoroughly afflicted phenomena. This refers to the truth of origin of suffering. MAAN GS SEN Gq AAC A 9g N4) The fourteen faculties of the ever-afflicted phenomena. 1-6. Aq H Rectan de Aco ox gy eye faculty to mental faculty. 7, 4584 purusendriya/ faculty of maleness 8, #45908 strindriya/ faculty of femaleness 9. §39}5°<4| jiviendriyal faculty of life-force 10. 99°59 gukhendriya/ faculty of joy 11. agen gacy duhkhendriya/ faculty of suffering 12, 459485308) sauamasyendriya/ faculty of mental pleasure 13. Bp agAgacy daurmanasyendniya/ faculty of mental displeasure 14. age Gan sac g upeksendriya/ faculty of neutrality. 719 N95 NON BAN JAIN ARCA The fifty three divisions of ever-afflicted phenomena: 1-5, & oy pafica skandhay five aggregates (see phung-po Inga) 6-11. gacdgg sad indriya/ six sense faculties (see dbang-po dug) 12-17. aagngy sad vijfana/ six consciousnesses (see rnam- shes tsogs-brgyad, 1-6) 18-23. 854 Haan yy sad samvrta/ six sources of perception (see bskyed-mched drug) 24-29. ay 494 sad sparsa/ six contacts (see reg-pa drug) 30-35. axugy sad vedana/ six feelings (see tsor-ba drug) 36-41. 990°5'9% sad bhiita/ six elements (‘byung-ba drug) 42-53. BRAgIE 93 dvadaSanga pratityasamutpada/ twelve links of interdependent origination (see rten-’brel yan-lag bcu-gnyis). BES A. Complete abandonment or thorough release. B. Theprimary vein (rtza) of the heart. C. A mendicant, a recluse. D. The state of liberation (nirvana). SSS The universal principle. A. Mind or consciousness. B. Emptiness. C. The god, Brahma. D. In rDzogs-chen doctrine it refers to the basic mind, the Tathagata essence or Buddha nature which is the origin of all phenomena within sarnsara and beyond, or the basis or source of all misconceptions and hberation. E. A tantric text in Nyingma secret mantrayana. Its full name is: byang-chub-kyt sems kun-byed rgyal-po lta-ba nam-mkh'a Itar mth’a-bdus med-pa’i rgyud le’ u breyad-cu rtza-bzhi pa. (Sarva dharma mahasanti bodhicittakulayaraja) Translated by Sri Sengha and Vairocana, PASE AAA 4} The truth of origin of suffering. All those karma and delusions that become causes for the origination of the impure world and its inhabitants including the human body. PA AGE AAG NAGA SANG Catvani samvrttisatya guna/ The four features of the truth of the origin of suffering. 1. §| hetu/ cause 2. 74°29) samudaya/ ongin of all 3. 2084 prabhava/ production 4. a] pralyayah/ condition, 522 #9 afiaia ~ MARAE GA ARNG) “Asta samudaya satyaguna/ The eight features of the truth of origin, 1. Mh S3NSCGVNA' ZA turning away from desire- attachment 2, &°34N'N4'Sa') non-abidance 3. 49% 444) peacefulness 4, 9453985 48'ga'4 lack of desire- attachment 5, @8°45'S%4a'X) lack of hatred-anger 6.958% a 4°C) ack of closed-mindedness 7. 84 SN'3K 8A gar 4 lack of delusion 8, 8a'8q'a5'8'34" Jack of sentient beings.Aga aS4 Tn samyojana/ The three constant fetters; three ever-binding factors. These refer to the three types of delusions that are abandoned upon reaching the Path of Seeing (third of the five paths). 1. 9&9°9714'9548] satkayadrsti/ the intellectually acquired view of the transitory collection {of { or mine} that obstructs a person from achieving liberation 2. S¥RaS'56 apna as Aea Silavrata parmarSa/ the view that holds wrong moral disciplines and practices as superior and that obstructs a person by way of taking a wrong path as the night path 3. Saw hq dew 3a) Klista vicikitsa/ doubt that obstructs a person by generating a wavering attitude towards the (right) path. weeny Nava sarhyojana/ The nine constant fetters; nine ever-binding factors. These are the ever-binding: 1. evyaqay riga/ attachment 2. PEA! krodha/ anger 3. ©3% mana/ egotistic pride 4. 394! avidya/ ignorance 5. ¥4 drsti/ wrong view 6, A&4RRiparamarsa drsti/ view of superiority 7, #2 vicikitsa/ doubt 8. 474% irsya/ jealousy 9. 84'S] matsarya/ miserliness. yon ~ nae 19 £9) The obscuring conventional phenomena. One of the three conventional truths. For instance, an illusion, a mirage, a cataract (mi-yor), etc., that cannot perform their respective functions properly. mA ENA Samnviti Sarana/ The conventional refuge; the conventional object of worship, e.g. an image of Buddha Sakyamuni.i MET ANSI EN 94 The two conventional existences; the two types of relative existence. 1. wO4 15 samyag samvrti/ correct conventional truth, e.g. a pillar 2, 49-48"4€9| mithya samvrti/ incorrect conventional truth, e.g. a mirror image. Ma EX SIA NAAN 20] Sainvat pratijfiana/ A. Wisdom that has gained mastery over the five sciences of learning (see rig-pa’i gnas inga). B. Wisdom understanding conventional phenomena; the discriminative awareness that understands things on the conventional level of truth, e.g. a wisdom understanding the illusory nature of phenomena. AEN NAGA] Samhvrti satya/ The conventional truth; the relative truth; generally referring to phenomena other than emptiness. MA ET SANA ‘Samnveti dodhicitta/ The conventional bodhicitta; the conventional mind of enlightenment. This includes the wishing bodhicitta (see smon-pa sems bskyed) and the committed bodhicitta (see "jug-pa sems-bskyed). "RETINA The three types of conventional truths. These are: 1. "eS iy mea conventional nature of the conventional truth, 2. “© squadig nang ea incorrect conventional truth and 3, 8S sq ee E9) correct conventional truth, Or: 1. oARNSA Eq upacara samvri/ the imputed conventional existence 2. ansing eg the known conventional existence 3. SER aang ESI the expressed conventional existence.TRIAS 4 ma AAS Alayavijfiana/ The foundational consciousness; mind basis of all; one of the eight types of consciousnesses (See rnam-shes tsogs-brpyad) asserted by the Mind Only school of Buddhist philosophy; believed to be primary and the store-house of all merital imprints. AA AAN TARA The point at the heart level where all energy channels are collected. 79, SAB ABA 3 Samantabhadra pijamegha/ A cloud of Samantabhadra’s offerings; in the sitra tradition this refers to the panoply of offerings filling all of space and formed by Bodhisattva’s holding one material of offering from which emanates many duplicates, each emanating further duplicates; in the tantra tradition this refers to an offering of non-duality of bliss and emptiness. MASA RINT A984 In the Nyingma tradition this refers to the doctrine of Dzog-pa chen-po. "a5 Samutthana/ Motivation; a primary consciousness directed towards a goal. There are two types of motivation. 1. 37% C1 causal motivation 2. {877 4) actual motivation a the time of action. Te gorsia 5a g ad Kongtrul Yonten Gyatso (1813-1899). Also knows as Garwang Lodoe Thaye, was born in the Water-Bird year of the fourteenth sexagenerary at Dokham. He compiled TreJewel Treasure (rin-chen gter mdzod), The Instruction Treasure (gdams-ngag mdzod) and The Secret Transmission Treasure (bka’-brgyud sngags-mdzod), and discovered The Treasure of Knowledge (shes-bya mdzod) and The Uncommon Secret Treasure (thun-min gsang-ba’i mdzod). These are known as the Five Treasures. He composed texts on medicine, poetry and others, comprising almost a hundred volumes in all. ql Naga/ A kind of being regarded as belonging to the animal class; believed to abide in subterranean realms, having control over rain, ponds, rivers and soil productivity. Some are helpers while others can bring retribution if disturbed. Often in Buddhist art and in written accounts, they are portrayed as being half man and half snake. Generally serpents and snakes are recognised as nagas. ua Nagarjuna/ The great Nagarjuna, founder of the Madhyamaka school of philosophy and of the lineage of the profound teachings of emptiness (see zab-mo Ita brgyud). His works include The Six Treatises (see rigs-tshogs drug), Letter to a King (bshes-spring), and Jewel Garland (rn -chen phreng-ba). qa RAT YS ama The seven spintual sons ‘of Nagarjuna. 1. ayary Satya 2. ae 3S Nagabodhi 3, @498''9| Aryadeva 4. 4 eH Matanga S$. SSV'§8’99C8] ~ Buddhapalita 6. aqargaagsy Bhavaviveka 7, 4998354) A gvaghosa. 495] Asta maha nagaraja/ The eight naga kings. There are two ways of listing these. A. 1. ager Gage Nagaraja Ananta2. ar gveakye] Nagaraja Taksaka 3. AX aus yong Nagardja Karkotaka 4, @°§V 8249184) Nagaraja Kulika 5. BR gsd